• linux 命令全名


    su:Swith user  切换用户,切换到root用户
    cat: Concatenate  串联
    uname: Unix name  系统名称
    df: Disk free  空余硬盘
    du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率
    chown: Change owner 改变所有者
    chgrp: Change group 改变用户组
    ps:Process Status  进程状态
    tar:Tape archive 解压文件
    chmod: Change mode 改变模式
    umount: Unmount 卸载
    ldd:List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依
    insmod:Install module 安装模块
    rmmod:Remove module 删除模块
    lsmod:List module 列表模块
    alias :Create your own name for a command
    bash :GNU Bourne-Again Shell  linux内核 
    grep:global regular expression print
    httpd :Start Apache
    ipcalc :Calculate IP information for a host
    ping :Send ICMP ECHO_Request to network hosts
    reboot: Restart your computer
    sudo:Superuser do
     
    /bin = BINaries 
    /dev = DEVices 
    /etc = 存放配置文件的地方。配置文件的目录
           Editable Text Configuration 初期etcetra directory(ETCetera),后来"Editable Text Configuration" 或者 "Extended Tool Chest"。
    /opt = Optional application software packages
    pwd  =  print working Directory (打印工作目录)。   
    /lib = LIBrary 
    /proc = PROCesses 
    /sbin = Superuser BINaries 
    /tmp = TeMPorary 
    /usr = Unix Shared Resources 
    /var = VARiable ? 是储存各种变化的文件,比如log等等
    FIFO = First In, First Out 
    GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader 
    IFS = Internal Field Seperators 
    LILO = LInux LOader 
    MySQL = My最初作者的名字SQL = Structured Query Language 
    PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor 
    PS = Prompt String 
    Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister" 
    Python Monty Python's Flying Circus 
    Tcl = Tool Command Language 
    Tk = ToolKit 
    VT = Video Terminal 
    YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool 
    apache = "a patchy" server 
    apt = Advanced Packaging Tool 
    ar = archiver 
    as = assembler 
    bash = Bourne Again SHell 
    bc = Basic (Better) Calculator 
    bg = BackGround 
    cal = CALendar 
    cat = CATenate 
    cd = Change Directory 
    chgrp = CHange GRouP 
    chmod = CHange MODe 
    chown = CHange OWNer 
    chsh = CHange SHell 
    cmp = compare 
    cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture 
    comm = common 
    cp = CoPy 
    cpio = CoPy In and Out 
    cpp = C Pre Processor 
    cups = Common Unix Printing System 
    cvs = Current Version System 
    daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor 
    dc = Desk Calculator 
    dd = Disk Dump 
    df = Disk Free 
    diff = DIFFerence 
    dmesg = diagnostic message 
    du = Disk Usage 
    ed = editor 
    egrep = Extended GREP 
    elf = Extensible Linking Format 
    elm = ELectronic Mail 
    emacs = Editor MACroS 
    eval = EVALuate 
    ex = EXtended 
    exec = EXECute 
    fd = file descriptors 
    fg = ForeGround 
    fgrep = Fixed GREP 
    fmt = format 
    fsck = File System ChecK 
    fstab = FileSystem TABle 
    fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager 
    gawk = GNU AWK 
    gpg = GNU Privacy Guard 
    groff = GNU troff 
    hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer 
    joe = Joe's Own Editor 
    ksh = Korn SHell 
    lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder 
    lex = LEXical analyser 
    lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses 
    ln = LiNk 
    lpr = Line PRint 
    ls = list 
    lsof = LiSt Open Files 
    m4 = Macro processor Version 4 
    man = MANual pages 
    mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK 
    mc = Midnight Commander 
    mkfs = MaKe FileSystem 
    mknod = MaKe NODe 
    motd = Message of The Day 
    mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa 
    mtab = Mount TABle 
    mv = MoVe 
    nano = Nano's ANOther editor 
    nawk = New AWK 
    nl = Number of Lines 
    nm = names 
    nohup = No HangUP 
    nroff = New ROFF 
    od = Octal Dump 
    passwd = PASSWorD 
    pg = pager 
    pico = PIne's message COmposition editor 
    pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm" 
    ping =  Packet InterNet Grouper 
    pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability 
    popd = POP Directory 
    pr = pre 
    printf = PRINT Formatted 
    ps = Processes Status 
    pty = pseudo tty 
    pushd = PUSH Directory 
    pwd = Print Working Directory 
    rc = runcom = run command, shell 
    rev = REVerse 
    rm = ReMove 
    rn = Read News 
    roff = RunOFF 
    rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager 
    rsh, rlogin, = Remote 
    rxvt = ouR XVT 
    sed = Stream EDitor 
    seq = SEQuence 
    shar = SHell ARchive 
    slrn = S-Lang rn 
    ssh = Secure SHell 
    ssl = Secure Sockets Layer 
    stty = Set TTY 
    su = Substitute User 
    svn = SubVersioN 
    tar = Tape ARchive 
    tcsh = TENEX C shell 
    telnet = TEminaL over Network 
    termcap = terminal capability 
    terminfo = terminal information 
    tr = traslate 
    troff = Typesetter new ROFF 
    tsort = Topological SORT 
    tty = TeleTypewriter 
    twm = Tom's Window Manager 
    tz = TimeZone 
    udev = Userspace DEV 
    ulimit = User's LIMIT 
    umask = User's MASK 
    uniq = UNIQue 
    vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient 
    vim = Vi IMproved 
    wall = write all 
    wc = Word Count 
    wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator 
    xargs = eXtended ARGuments 
    xdm = X Display Manager 
    xlfd = X Logical Font Description 
    xmms = X Multimedia System 
    xrdb = X Resources DataBase 
    xwd = X Window Dump 
    yacc = yet another compiler compiler






    /var 包含系统一般运行时要改变的数据。通常这些数据所在的目录的大小是要经常变化或扩充的。原来 /var 目录中有些内容是在 /usr 中的,但为了保持 /usr 目录的相对稳定,就把那些需要经常改变的目录放到 /var 中了。每个系统是特定的,即不通过网络与其他计算机共享。下面列出一些重要的目录 ( 一些不太重要的目录省略了 ) 。 
    1. /var/catman : 包括了格式化过的帮助 (man) 页。帮助页的源文件一般存在 /usr/man/catman 中;有些 man 页可能有预格式化的版本,存在 /usr/man/cat 中。而其他的 man 页在第一次看时都需要格式化,格式化完的版本存在 /var/man 中,这样其他人再看相同的页时就无须等待格式化了。 (/var/catman 经常被清除,就像清除临时目录一样。 ) 
    2. /var/lib : 存放系统正常运行时要改变的文件。 
    3. /var/local : 存放 /usr/local 中安装的程序的可变数据 ( 即系统管理员安装的程序 ) 。注意,如果必要, 
    即使本地安装的程序也会使用其他 /var 目录,例如 /var/lock 。 
    4. /var/lock : 锁定文件。许多程序遵循在 /var/lock 中产生一个锁定文件的约定,以用来支持他们正在使用某个特定的设备或文件。其他程序注意到这个锁定文件时,就不会再使用这个设备或文件。 
    5. /var/log : 各种程序的日志 (log) 文件,尤其是 login (/var/log/wtmplog 纪录所有到系统的登录和注销 ) 和 syslog (/var/log/messages 纪录存储所有核心和系统程序信息 ) 。 /var/log 里的文件经常不确定地增长,应该定期清除。 
    6. /var/run : 保存在下一次系统引导前有效的关于系统的信息文件。例如, /var/run/utmp 包含当前登录的用户的信息。 
    7. /var/spool : 放置 “ 假脱机 (spool)” 程序的目录,如 mail 、 news 、打印队列和其他队列工作的目录。每个不同的 spool 在 /var/spool 下有自己的子目录,例如,用户的邮箱就存放在 /var/spool/mail 中。 
    8. /var/tmp : 比 /tmp 允许更大的或需要存在较长时间的临时文件。注意系统管理员可能不允许 /var/tmp 有很旧的文件。 
      
    /etc 文件系统 
    /etc 目录包含各种系统配置文件,下面说明其中的一些。其他的你应该知道它们属于哪个程序,并阅读该程序的 man 页。许多网络配置文件也在 /etc 中。 
    1. /etc/rc 或 /etc/rc.d 或 /etc/rc?.d : 启动、或改变运行级时运行的脚本或脚本的目录。 
    2. /etc/passwd : 用户数据库,其中的域给出了用户名、真实姓名、用户起始目录、加密口令和用户的其他信息。 
    3. /etc/fdprm : 软盘参数表,用以说明不同的软盘格式。可用 setfdprm 进行设置。更多的信息见 setfdprm 的帮助页。 
    4. /etc/fstab : 指定启动时需要自动安装的文件系统列表。也包括用 swapon -a 启用的 swap 区的信息。 
    5. /etc/group : 类似 /etc/passwd ,但说明的不是用户信息而是组的信息。包括组的各种数据。 
    6. /etc/inittab : init 的配置文件。 
    7. /etc/issue : 包括用户在登录提示符前的输出信息。通常包括系统的一段短说明或欢迎信息。具体内容由系统管理员确定。 
    8. /etc/magic : “file” 的配置文件。包含不同文件格式的说明, “file” 基于它猜测文件类型。 
    9. /etc/motd : motd 是 message of the day 的缩写,用户成功登录后自动输出。内容由系统管理员确定。常用于通告信息,如计划关机时间的警告等。 
    10. /etc/mtab : 当前安装的文件系统列表。由脚本 (scritp) 初始化,并由 mount 命令自动更新。当需要一个当前安装的文件系统的列表时使用 ( 例如 df 命令 ) 。 
    11. /etc/shadow : 在安装了影子 (shadow) 口令软件的系统上的影子口令文件。影子口令文件将 /etc/passwd 文件中的加密口令移动到 /etc/shadow 中,而后者只对超级用户 (root) 可读。这使破译口令更困难,以此增加系统的安全性。 
    12. /etc/login.defs : login 命令的配置文件。 
    13. /etc/printcap : 类似 /etc/termcap ,但针对打印机。语法不同。 
    14. /etc/profile 、 /etc/csh.login 、 /etc/csh.cshrc : 登录或启动时 bourne 或 cshells 执行的文件。这允许系统管理员为所有用户建立全局缺省环境。 
    15. /etc/securetty : 确认安全终端,即哪个终端允许超级用户 (root) 登录。一般只列出虚拟控制台,这样就不可能 ( 至少很困难 ) 通过调制解调器 (modem) 或网络闯入系统并得到超级用户特权。 
    16. /etc/shells : 列出可以使用的 shell 。 chsh 命令允许用户在本文件指定范围内改变登录的 shell 。提供一 
    台机器 ftp 服务的服务进程 ftpd 检查用户 shell 是否列在 /etc/shells 文件中,如果不是,将不允许该用户登录。 
    17. /etc/termcap : 终端性能数据库。说明不同的终端用什么 “ 转义序列 ” 控制。写程序时不直接输出转义 
    序列 ( 这样只能工作于特定品牌的终端 ) ,而是从 /etc/termcap 中查找要做的工作的正确序列。这样,多数的程序可以在多数终端上运行。

    命令缩写:

    ls:list(列出目录内容)

    cd:Change Directory(改变目录)

    su:switch user 切换用户
    rpm:redhat package manager 红帽子打包管理器
    pwd:print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径
    ps: process status(进程状态,类似于windows的任务管理器) 常用参数:-auxf
    ps -auxf 显示进程状态
    df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说,就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中,还剩多少自由的空间。
    rpm: 即RedHat Package Management,是RedHat的发明之一

    rmdir:Remove Directory(删除目录)

    rm:Remove(删除目录或文件)

    cat: concatenate连锁 cat file1 file2>>file3把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3中
    insmod: install module,载入模块
    ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接,相当于创建一个快捷方式

    mkdir:Make Directory(创建目录

    touch

    man: Manual
    pwd:Print working directory
    su:Swith user
    cd:Change directory
    ls:List files
    ps:Process Status
    mkdir:Make directory
    rmdir:Remove directory
    mkfs: Make file system
    fsck:File system check
    cat: Concatenate
    uname: Unix name
    df: Disk free
    du: Disk usage
    lsmod: List modules
    mv: Move file
    rm: Remove file
    cp: Copy file
    ln: Link files
    fg: Foreground
    bg: Background
    chown: Change owner
    chgrp: Change group
    chmod: Change mode
    umount: Unmount
    dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”,但“cc”已经被用以代表“C Complier”,所以命名为“dd”
    tar:Tape archive
    ldd:List dynamic dependencies
    insmod:Install module
    rmmod:Remove module
    lsmod:List module
    文件结尾的"rc"(如.bashrc、.xinitrc等):Resource configuration
    Knnxxx / Snnxxx(位于rcx.d目录下):K(Kill);S(Service);nn(执行顺序号);xxx(服务标识)
    .a(扩展名a):Archive,static library
    .so(扩展名so):Shared object,dynamically linked library
    .o(扩展名o):Object file,complied result of C/C++ source file
    RPM:Red hat package manager
    dpkg:Debian package manager
    apt:Advanced package tool(Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供)

    部分Linux命令缩

    bin = BINaries #下面的是一些二进制程序文件

    /dev = DEVices  #下面的是一些硬件驱动

    /etc = ETCetera #目录存放着各种系统配置文件, 类似于windows下的system

    /lib = LIBrary

    /proc = PROCesses

    /sbin = Superuser BINaries

    /tmp = TeMPorary

    /usr = Unix Shared Resources 

    /var = VARiable ?

    /boot=boot #下面的是开机启动文件

    FIFO = First In, First Out

    GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader

    IFS = Internal Field Seperators

    LILO = LInux LOader

    MySQL = My是最初作者女儿的名字,SQL = Structured Query Language

    PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

    PS = Prompt String

    Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister"

    Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python's Flying Circus

    Tcl = Tool Command Language

    Tk = ToolKit

    VT = Video Terminal

    YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool

    apache = "a patchy" server

    apt = Advanced Packaging Tool

    ar = archiver

    as = assembler

    awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三个作者的姓的第一个字母

    bash = Bourne Again SHell

    bc = Basic (Better) Calculator

    bg = BackGround

    biff = 作者Heidi Stettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。

    cal = CALendar

    cat = CATenate

    cd = Change Directory

    chgrp = CHange GRouP

    chmod = CHange MODe

    chown = CHange OWNer

    chsh = CHange SHell

    cmp = compare

    cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture

    comm = common

    cp = CoPy

    cpio = CoPy In and Out

    cpp = C Pre Processor

    cron = Chronos 希腊文时间

    cups = Common Unix Printing System

    cvs = Current Version System

    daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor

    dc = Desk Calculator

    dd = Disk Dump

    df = Disk Free

    diff = DIFFerence

    dmesg = diagnostic message

    du = Disk Usage

    ed = editor

    egrep = Extended GREP

    elf = Extensible Linking Format

    elm = ELectronic Mail

    emacs = Editor MACroS

    eval = EVALuate

    ex = EXtended

    exec = EXECute

    fd = file descriptors

    fg = ForeGround

    fgrep = Fixed GREP

    fmt = format

    fsck = File System ChecK

    fstab = FileSystem TABle

    fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager

    gawk = GNU AWK

    gpg = GNU Privacy Guard

    groff = GNU troff

    hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer

    joe = Joe's Own Editor

    ksh = Korn SHell

    lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder

    lex = LEXical analyser

    lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses

    ln = LiNk

    lpr = Line PRint

    ls = list

    lsof = LiSt Open Files

    m4 = Macro processor Version 4

    man = MANual pages

    mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK

    mc = Midnight Commander

    mkfs = MaKe FileSystem

    mknod = MaKe NODe

    motd = Message of The Day

    mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa

    mtab = Mount TABle

    mv = MoVe

    nano = Nano's ANOther editor

    nawk = New AWK

    nl = Number of Lines

    nm = names

    nohup = No HangUP

    nroff = New ROFF

    od = Octal Dump

    passwd = PASSWorD

    pg = pager

    pico = PIne's message COmposition editor

    pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"

    ping = 拟声 又 = Packet InterNet Grouper

    pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability

    popd = POP Directory

    pr = pre

    printf = PRINT Formatted

    ps = Processes Status

    pty = pseudo tty

    pushd = PUSH Directory

    pwd = Print Working Directory

    rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell

    rev = REVerse

    rm = ReMove

    rn = Read News

    roff = RunOFF

    rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager

    rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote

    rxvt = ouR XVT

    seamoneky = 我

    sed = Stream EDitor

    seq = SEQuence

    shar = SHell ARchive

    slrn = S-Lang rn

    ssh = Secure SHell

    ssl = Secure Sockets Layer

    stty = Set TTY

    su = Substitute User

    svn = SubVersioN

    tar = Tape ARchive

    tcsh = TENEX C shell

    tee = T (T形水管接口)

    telnet = TEminaL over Network

    termcap = terminal capability

    terminfo = terminal information

    tex = τέχνη的缩写,希腊文art

    tr = traslate

    troff = Typesetter new ROFF

    tsort = Topological SORT

    tty = TeleTypewriter

    twm = Tom's Window Manager

    tz = TimeZone

    udev = Userspace DEV

    ulimit = User's LIMIT

    umask = User's MASK

    uniq = UNIQue

    vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient

    vim = Vi IMproved

    wall = write all

    wc = Word Count

    wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator

    xargs = eXtended ARGuments

    xdm = X Display Manager

    xlfd = X Logical Font Description

    xmms = X Multimedia System

    xrdb = X Resources DataBase

    xwd = X Window Dump

    yacc = yet another compiler compiler

    Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell

    su = Switch User

    MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

    ECMA = European Computer Manufacturers Association

    来自且过
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shynshyn/p/7842532.html
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