有时候我们需要对json结构的数据进行更新，或增，或改，或删。
当json层级比较复杂时操作起来是比较麻烦的，得一层层找下去找到要更新的节点才能操作它。
我用python语言封装了一个类，提供三个函数分别用于增删改json的目标节点。
首先我们先确定什么是路径(path)；
如json：
dataA={“code”: 0,
“data”: {“areaCode”: “86”, “avatar”: “”, “countryCode”: “86”, “customer_risk_type”: “0”,
“customer”:{“name”:“syc”,“sex”:“m”}},
“valuelist”:[{“expiration”: 1578043337756, “extendStatusBit”: 1, “firstLogin”: “True”, “id”: 11529},
{“expiration”: 1578043337757, “extendStatusBit”: 2, “firstLogin”: “True”, “id”: 11539,
“transaction”:[{“stockcode”:“601235”},{“price”:2.12}]},
{“expiration”: 1578043337758, “extendStatusBit”: 3, “firstLogin”: “True”, “id”: 11549},
{“expiration”: 1578043337759, “extendStatusBit”: 4, “firstLogin”: “True”, “id”: 11559}],
“msg”: “成功”}
对于以上json，我们需要操作data下customer中的name，则name的路径为：/data/customer/name;
再如：列表valuelist下第二个元素中transaction列表下的stockcode，则stockcode的路径为：
/valuelist/(int)1/transaction/(int)0/stockcode
**说明：**由于json允许用字符串类型的数字做key，所以当需要表示列表中第几个元素时前面加个(int)标识；
1、增
def addkv(self,data,path,key=None,value=None):
"""
for example addkv(dataA,'/data/customer','age',30)
:param data: Target JSON
:param path:Location of new field,as '/data/customer'
:param key: new field
:param value:new field value
:return:Added JSON
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:param data:目标JSON
:param path:目标节点的路径，如 '/data/customer'，/valuelist/(int)1/transaction/(int)0
:param key: 在该节点下新增的键
:param value:在该节点下新增的键对应的值
:return:新增键值完成后的json
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注意：如果目标节点不是字典类型程序会报错，即路径最后一个节点比如/data/customer中的customer的类型必须是字典；
2、删
def delete(self,data,path):
"""
Delete the node of the specified path
:param data:Target JSON
:param path:path
:return:JSON after deleting a node
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:param data:目标JSON
:param path:路径
:return:删除节点后返回的json
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3、改
def update(self,data,path,newvalue):
"""
Update JSON
:param data:Target JSON
:param path:Route as '/valuelist/(int)0/expiration'
:param newvalue:Modified value
:return:Updated JSON
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:param data:目标json
:param path:路径
:param newvalue:要改为的新值
:return:返回更新后的json
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完整代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
"""
解析json
"""
class rcjson(object):
def resolution(self,local={}):
"""
解析json串中各个字段
:param local:
:return: [{'path': '/code', 'value': 0}, {'path': '/msg', 'value': 'ok'},.........]
"""
def recursive_diff(l,res, path='/'):
delim = '/' if path!= '/' else ''
if(isinstance(l, dict)):
iterl=l.keys()
for k in iterl:
v=l.get(k)
new_path = delim.join([path, k])
recursive_diff(v, res, new_path)
elif(isinstance(l, list)):
enum=enumerate(l, start=0)
for i, item in enum:
new_path = delim.join([path, '(int)'+str(i)])
recursive_diff(item, res, new_path)
else:
res.append({
'path': path,
'value': l
})
result = []
recursive_diff(local, result)
return result
def pathlist(self,paths):
"""
将json节点路径由/../.../转变为list
:param paths:[{'path': '/code', 'value': 0}, {'path': '/msg', 'value': 'ok'},.........]
:return:[{'path': ['code'], 'value': 0}, {'path': ['data', 'areaCode'], 'value': '86'}, {'path': ['data', 'avatar'], 'value': ''},.....]
"""
for path in paths:
routes=path.get('path').split("/")[1:]
newroutes=[]
for route in routes:
if('(int)' in route):
start_loc = route.find('(int)')
len_int=len('(int)')
res_str = route[start_loc+len_int:]
newroutes.append(int(res_str))
else:
newroutes.append(route)
path['path']=newroutes
return paths
def updateValue(self,data,path,newvalue):
"""
修改json中指定的字段的值
:param data:目标json
:param path: '/valuelist/(int)0/expiration' 路径
:param newvalue:修改后的值
:return:[] 或 [{'path': ['code'], 'value': 0}, {'path': ['data', 'areaCode'], 'value': '86'}, {'path': ['data', 'avatar'], 'value': ''},.....]
"""
if(type(data)==dict):
resultStr=self.resolution(data)
index=-1
for pathdic in resultStr:
index=index+1
p=pathdic.get("path")
firstStr=path[:1]
if(firstStr=="/"):
if(p==path):
pathdic["value"]=newvalue
break
else:
if(p=="/"+path):
pathdic["value"] = newvalue
break
if (index + 1 == len(resultStr)):
return [] #没有找到匹配的路径
resultList = self.pathlist(resultStr)
return resultList
else:
return []
def composeDict(self,gkey,result,pv,path,start,end):
"""
组装只有字典的链路
:param gkey: globals对象
:param result: 字典
:param pv: 字典 {'path': ['data', 'customer', 'sex'], 'value': 'm'}
:param path: 列表 ['data', 'customer', 'sex']
:param start:
:param end:
:return:
"""
if (self.isExtend(result, path[0]) == False):
gkey[path[0]] = {}
result[path[0]] = gkey[path[0]]
for i in range(start,end):
dict_i1=gkey[path[i - 1]]
pi=path[i]
flag=self.isExtend(dict_i1,pi)
if(flag== False):
gkey[pi] = {}
dict_i1[pi] = gkey[pi]
lastkey = path[end] # 最后一个key
key_1 = path[end-1] # 倒数第二个key
gkey[key_1][lastkey] = pv.get("value")
return result
def composeJSON(self,resultlist):
"""
组装JSON
:param resultlist: [{'path': ['code'], 'value': 0}, {'path': ['data', 'areaCode'], 'value': '86'}, {'path': ['data', 'avatar'], 'value': ''},......]
:return:json，list也当作json处理先
"""
result={}
gkey=globals()
for pv in resultlist:
path=pv.get('path') #list type ['data', 'areaCode']
if(len(path)==1):
value=pv.get('value')
result[path[0]]=value
elif(len(path)>1):
pathlen = len(path)
self.composeDict(gkey,result,pv,path,1, pathlen - 1)
return result
def dict2list(self,res={}):
"""
之前是列表也按照字典来组装了，现在按照字符串将列表的地方改为列表
:param result:
:return:最终完整的json
"""
def d2l(result={}):
for key,value in result.items(): #result是第一层
if(type(value)==dict):
keys = value.keys() #value是第二层
k0=list(keys)[0]
if (type(k0) == int): #k0是第三层
kv = []
for k in keys:
v = value.get(k)
kv.append(v)
if(type(v)==dict):
d2l(v)
result[key]=kv
else:
d2l(value)
else:
pass
d2l(res)
return res
def update(self,data,path,newvalue):
"""
Update JSON
:param data:Target JSON
:param path:Route as '/valuelist/(int)0/expiration'
:param newvalue:Modified value
:return:Updated JSON
"""
newpaths=self.updateValue(data,path,newvalue)
if(len(newpaths)==0):
return {}
else:
comJSON = rc.composeJSON(newpaths)
lastJson = rc.dict2list(comJSON)
return lastJson
def addkv(self,data,path,key=None,value=None):
"""
for example addkv(dataA,'/data/customer','age',30)
:param data: Target JSON
:param path:Location of new field,as '/data/customer'
:param key: new field
:param value:new field value
:return:Added JSON
"""
resultStr=self.resolution(data)
kv={}
if(key!=None):
kv['path']=path+'/'+key
else:
kv['path'] = path
kv['value']=value
resultStr.append(kv)
newpaths=self.pathlist(resultStr)
if (len(newpaths) == 0):
return {}
else:
comJSON = rc.composeJSON(newpaths)
lastJson = rc.dict2list(comJSON)
return lastJson
def delete(self,data,path):
"""
Delete the node of the specified path
:param data:Target JSON
:param path:path
:return:JSON after deleting a node
"""
paths=self.resolution(data)
templist=[]
for pathv in paths:
p=pathv.get('path')
index=p.find(path)
if(index==0):
other=p[index+len(path):]
if(len(other)>0):
otherOne=other[0]
if((path ==p) or (otherOne=='/')):
pass
else:
templist.append(pathv)
else:
templist.append(pathv)
newpaths =self.pathlist(templist)
if (len(newpaths) == 0):
return {}
else:
comJSON = rc.composeJSON(newpaths)
lastJson = rc.dict2list(comJSON)
return lastJson
def getKeys(self,data):
keysAll_list = []
def getkeys(data): # Traverse all keys of JSON
if (type(data) == type({})):
keys = data.keys()
for key in keys:
value = data.get(key)
if (type(value) != type({}) and type(value) != type([])):
keysAll_list.append(key)
elif (type(value) == type({})):
keysAll_list.append(key)
getkeys(value)
elif (type(value) == type([])):
keysAll_list.append(key)
for para in value:
if (type(para) == type({}) or type(para) == type([])):
getkeys(para)
else:
keysAll_list.append(para)
getkeys(data)
return keysAll_list
def isExtend(self, ddict={}, tagkey=None): # Check whether the target field tagkey is in data (JSON data)
if (type(ddict) != type({})):
pass
else:
datalen=len(ddict.keys())
if(datalen==0):
pass
else:
key_list = self.getKeys(ddict)
for key in key_list:
if (key == tagkey):
return True
return False
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验证
if __name__ == '__main__':
rc=rcjson()
dataA={"code": 0,
"data": {"areaCode": "86", "avatar": "", "countryCode": "86", "customer_risk_type": "0","customer":{"name":"syc","sex":"m"}},
"valuelist":[{"expiration": 1578043337756, "extendStatusBit": 1, "firstLogin": "True", "id": 11529},
{"expiration": 1578043337757, "extendStatusBit": 2, "firstLogin": "True", "id": 11539,"transaction":[{"stockcode":"601235"},{"price":2.12}]},
{"expiration": 1578043337758, "extendStatusBit": 3, "firstLogin": "True", "id": 11549},
{"expiration": 1578043337759, "extendStatusBit": 4, "firstLogin": "True", "id": 11559}
],
"msg": "成功"}
#修改
# result=rc.update(dataA,'/valuelist/(int)1/test01/(int)1/price',10.5)
# print(result)
#新增
result=rc.addkv(dataA,'/data/customer/',key='age',value=30)
print(result)
#删除
# result=rc.delete(dataA,'/valuelist/(int)1/test01/(int)0/stockcode')
# print(result)