• golang字符串string与字符数组[]byte高效转换


    string与[]byte的直接转换是通过底层数据copy实现的

      var a = []byte("hello boy")

      var b = string(a)

    这种操作在并发量达到十万百万级别的时候会拖慢程序的处理速度

    通过gdb调试来看一下string和[]byte的数据结构

    (gdb) l main.main

    2

    3 import (

    4     "fmt"

    5 )

    6

    7 func main() {

    8     s := "hello, world!"

    9     b := []byte(s)

    10

    11     fmt.Println(s, b)

    (gdb) b 11

    Breakpoint 1 at 0x487cd9: file /export/home/machao/src/test/strbytes.go, line 11.

    (gdb) r

    Starting program: /export/home/machao/src/test/test1 

    Breakpoint 1, main.main () at /export/home/machao/src/test/strbytes.go:11

    11     fmt.Println(s, b)

    (gdb) info locals

    s = {

      str = 0x4b8ccf "hello, world!level 3 resetload64 failednil stackbaseout of memorys.allocCount=srmount errorstill in listtimer expiredtriggerRatio=unreachable: value method xadd64 failedxchg64 failed nmidlelocked= on "..., len = 13}

    b = {array = 0xc4200140e0 "hello, world!", len = 13, cap = 16}

    (gdb) ptype s

    type = struct string {

        uint8 *str;

        int len;

    }

    (gdb) ptype b

    type = struct []uint8 {

        uint8 *array;

        int len;

        int cap;

    }

    转换后 [ ]byte 底层数组与原 string 内部指针并不相同,以此可确定数据被复制。那么,如不修改数据,仅转换类型,是否可避开复制,从而提升性能?

    从 ptype 输出的结构来看,string 可看做 [2]uintptr,而 [ ]byte 则是 [3]uintptr,这便于我们编写代码,无需额外定义结构类型。如此,str2bytes 只需构建 [3]uintptr{ptr, len, len},而 bytes2str 更简单,直接转换指针类型,忽略掉 cap 即可。

    通过unsafe.Pointer(指针转换)和uintptr(指针运算)实现转换 

     1 package main
     2 
     3 import (
     4     "fmt"
     5     "strings"
     6     "unsafe"
     7 )
     8 
     9 func str2bytes(s string) []byte {
    10     x := (*[2]uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(&s))
    11     h := [3]uintptr{x[0], x[1], x[1]}
    12     return *(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&h))
    13 }
    14 
    15 func bytes2str(b []byte) string {
    16     return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
    17 }
    18 
    19 func main() {
    20     s := strings.Repeat("abc", 3)
    21     b := str2bytes(s)
    22     s2 := bytes2str(b)
    23     fmt.Println(b, s2)
    24 }

     没有出现逃逸现象 

    package main
    
    import (
    	"testing"
    	"io/ioutil"
    	"time"
    	"fmt"
    )
    
    var s, _ = ioutil.ReadFile("mydata4vipday.720.datx")
    
    func test() {
    	b := string(s)
    	_ = []byte(b)
    }
    
    func test2() {
    	b := bytes2str(s)
    	_ = str2bytes(b)
    }
    
    func BenchmarkTest(b *testing.B) {
    	t1 := time.Now()
    	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    		test()
    	}
    	fmt.Println("test", time.Now().Sub(t1), b.N)
    }
    
    func BenchmarkTestBlock(b *testing.B) {
    	t1 := time.Now()
    	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    		test2()
    	}
    	fmt.Println("test block", time.Now().Sub(t1), b.N)
    }
    

     对比一下优化前后的性能差异

    没有额外开辟内存0B/op,执行效率:5亿次耗时1.6秒,而不用unsafe.Pointer和uintptr转换300次耗时久达到了1.1秒,效率对比高下立判

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shuiyuejiangnan/p/9707066.html
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