0.项目流程
(1)需求分析
(2)系统设计
(3)系统开发必备
(4)主函数设计
(5)学生信息维护模块设计
(6)查询/统计模块设计
(7)排序模块设计
(8)项目打包
1.需求分析
学生管理系统应该具备的功能
(1)添加学生及成绩信息;
(2)将学生信息保存到文件中;
(3)修改和删除学生信息;
(4)查询学生信息;
(5)根据学生成绩进行排序;
(6)统计学生的总分;
2.系统设计
2.1系统功能结构
学生信息管理系统的七大模块
(1)录入学生信息模块
(2)查找学生信息模块
(3)删除学生信息模块
(4)修改学生信息模块
(5)学生成绩排名模块
(6)统计学生总人数模块
(7)显示学生信息模块
2.2 系统业务流程
3.系统开发必备
3.1 系统开发环境
- 操作系统Win10
- Python 解释器版本:Python 3.7
- 开发工具:PyCharm
- Python 内置模块:os,re
3.2 项目目录结构
4.主函数设计
4.1 系统主界面运行效果图
4.2 主函数的业务流程
4.3 实现主函数
主程序代码v1.0
def main(): while True: menum() choice = int(input('请选择:')) if choice in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]: if choice == 0: answer = input('您确定退出系统吗?y/n') if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y': print('谢谢您的使用!!!') break else: continue elif choice == 1: insert() elif choice == 2: search() elif choice == 3: delete() elif choice == 4: modify() elif choice == 5: sort() elif choice == 6: total() elif choice == 7: show() # 菜单函数 def menum(): print('=====================学生信息管理系统=====================') print('---------------------功能菜单----------------------------') print('\t\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息') print('\t\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息') print('\t\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息') print('\t\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息') print('\t\t\t\t\t5.排序') print('\t\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数') print('\t\t\t\t\t7.显示所以学生信息') print('\t\t\t\t\t0.退出系统') print('--------------------------------------------------------') def insert(): pass def search(): pass def delete(): pass def modify(): pass def sort(): pass def total(): pass def show(): pass if __name__ == '__main__': main()
5.学生信息维护模块设计
5.1 录入学生信息功能
业务流程
具体实现
- save(student)函数,用于将学生信息保存到文件;
- insert(),用于录入学生信息
代码
def insert(): student_list = [] while True: id = input('请输入ID(如1001):') if not id: break name = input('请输入姓名:') if not name: break try: englist = int(input('请输入英语成绩:')) python = int(input('请输入python成绩:')) java = int(input('请输入java成绩:')) except: print('输入无效,请重新输入') continue # 将录入的信息,保存到字典中 student = { 'id': id, 'name': name, 'english': englist, 'python': python, 'java': java, } # 将学生信息添加到列表中 student_list.append(student) answer = input('是否继续添加?y/n\n') if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y': continue else: break # 保存学生信息 save(student_list) print('学生信息录入完毕!!!') def save(lst): try: stu_txt = open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8') except: stu_txt = open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') for item in lst: stu_txt.write(str(item) + '\n') stu_txt.close()
5.2 删除学生信息功能
业务流程
具体实现
- 编写函数delete(),删除学生信息
- 调用show(),显示学生信息
代码实现
def delete(): while True: student_id = input('请输入要删除的学生ID:') if student_id != '': if os.path.exists(filename): with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file: student_old = file.readlines() else: student_old = [] flag = False if student_old: with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile: d = {} for item in student_old: d = dict(eval(item)) # 将字符串转换为字典 if d['id'] != student_id: # 除了需要删除的,都写进去 wfile.write(str(d) + '\n') else: flag = True if flag: print(f'id为{student_id}的学生信息已被删除') else: print(f'没有找到ID为{student_id}的学生信息') else: print('无学生信息') break show() # 删除后,要重新显示所有学生信息 answer = input('是否继续删除?y/n \n') if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y': continue else: break
5.3 修改学生信息功能
业务流程
具体实现
- 编写主函数中修改学生信息函数modify()
- 调用show(),显示学生信息
代码实现
def modify(): show() if os.path.exists(filename): with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile: student_old = rfile.readlines() else: return student_id = input('请输入要修改的学员ID:') with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile: for item in student_old: d = dict(eval(item)) if d['id'] == student_id: print(f'找到学号为{student_id}的学生信息,可以进行修改') while True: try: d['name'] = input('请输入姓名:') d['english'] = input('请输入英语成绩:') d['Python'] = input('请输入Python成绩:') d['java'] = input('请输入Java成绩:') except: print('您的输入有误,请重新输入!!!') else: break wfile.write(str(d) + '\n') print('修改成功!!!') else: wfile.write(str(d) + '\n') answer = input('是否继续修改?y/n \n') if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y': modify()
6.查询/统计模块
6.1 查找学生信息功能
业务流程
具体实现
- 编写主函数中修改学生信息函数search()
- 定义显示查询结果函数show_student(query_student)
代码实现
def search(): student_query = [] while True: id = '' name = '' if os.path.exists(filename): mode = input('按ID查找请输入1,按姓名查找请输入2:') if mode == '1': id = input('请输入学生ID:') elif mode == '2': name = input('请输入学生姓名:') else: print('输入有误,请重新输入') search() with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile: student = rfile.readlines() for item in student: d = dict(eval(item)) if id != '': if d['id'] == id: student_query.append(d) elif name != '': if d['name'] == name: student_query.append(d) show_student(student_query) student_query.clear() answer = input('是否继续查询?y/n\n') if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y': continue else: break else: print('暂未保存学生信息') return def show_student(lst): if len(lst) == 0: print('没有查询到学生信息,无数据显示') return # 定义显示格式 format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}' print(format_title.format('ID', '姓名', '英语成绩', 'python成绩', 'Java成绩', '总成绩')) # 内容的显示格式 format_data = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}' for item in lst: print(format_data.format( item.get('id'), item.get('name'), item.get('english'), item.get('python'), item.get('java'), int(item.get('english')) + int(item.get('python')) + int(item.get('java')), ))
6.1 统计学生总人数功能
业务流程
具体实现
- 编写函数total ()
代码实现
def total(): if os.path.exists(filename): with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile: students = rfile.readlines() if students: print(f'一共有{len(students)}名学生') else: print('还没有录入学生信息') else: print('暂未保存数据信息')
6.2 显示所以学生信息功能
业务流程
具体实现
- 编写查询学生信息函数show()
代码实现
def show(): student_lst = [] if os.path.exists(filename): with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile: students = rfile.readlines() for item in students: student_lst.append(dict(eval(item))) if student_lst: show_student(student_lst)
7.排序模块
业务流程
代码实现
def sort(): show() if os.path.exists(filename): with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile: student_list = rfile.readlines() student_new = [] for item in student_list: d = dict(eval(item)) student_new.append(d) else: return asc_or_desc = input('请选择(0.升序 1.降序):') if asc_or_desc == '0': asc_or_desc = False elif asc_or_desc == '1': asc_or_desc = True else: print('输入有误,请重新输入') sort() mode = input('请选择排序方式:(1.按英语成绩排序 2.按照python成绩排序 3.按照Java成绩排序 0.按照总成绩排序):') if mode == '1': student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['english']), reverse=asc_or_desc) elif mode == '2': student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['python']), reverse=asc_or_desc) elif mode == '3': student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['java']), reverse=asc_or_desc) elif mode == '4': student_new.sort( key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['english']) + int(student_new['java']) + int(student_new['python']), reverse=asc_or_desc) else: print('您的输入有误,请重新输入') sort() show_student(student_new)
8 项目打包
8.1 整体代码
import os filename = 'students.txt' def main(): while True: menum() choice = int(input('请选择:')) if choice in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]: if choice == 0: answer = input('您确定退出系统吗?y/n') if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y': print('谢谢您的使用!!!') break else: continue elif choice == 1: insert() elif choice == 2: search() elif choice == 3: delete() elif choice == 4: modify() elif choice == 5: sort() elif choice == 6: total() elif choice == 7: show() # 菜单函数 def menum(): print('=====================学生信息管理系统=====================') print('---------------------功能菜单----------------------------') print('\t\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息') print('\t\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息') print('\t\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息') print('\t\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息') print('\t\t\t\t\t5.排序') print('\t\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数') print('\t\t\t\t\t7.显示所以学生信息') print('\t\t\t\t\t0.退出系统') print('--------------------------------------------------------') def insert(): student_list = [] while True: id = input('请输入ID(如1001):') if not id: break name = input('请输入姓名:') if not name: break try: englist = int(input('请输入英语成绩:')) python = int(input('请输入python成绩:')) java = int(input('请输入java成绩:')) except: print('输入无效,请重新输入') continue # 将录入的信息,保存到字典中 student = { 'id': id, 'name': name, 'english': englist, 'python': python, 'java': java, } # 将学生信息添加到列表中 student_list.append(student) answer = input('是否继续添加?y/n\n') if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y': continue else: break # 保存学生信息 save(student_list) print('学生信息录入完毕!!!') def save(lst): try: stu_txt = open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8') except: stu_txt = open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') for item in lst: stu_txt.write(str(item) + '\n') stu_txt.close() def search(): student_query = [] while True: id = '' name = '' if os.path.exists(filename): mode = input('按ID查找请输入1,按姓名查找请输入2:') if mode == '1': id = input('请输入学生ID:') elif mode == '2': name = input('请输入学生姓名:') else: print('输入有误,请重新输入') search() with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile: student = rfile.readlines() for item in student: d = dict(eval(item)) if id != '': if d['id'] == id: student_query.append(d) elif name != '': if d['name'] == name: student_query.append(d) show_student(student_query) student_query.clear() answer = input('是否继续查询?y/n\n') if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y': continue else: break else: print('暂未保存学生信息') return def show_student(lst): if len(lst) == 0: print('没有查询到学生信息,无数据显示') return # 定义显示格式 format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}' print(format_title.format('ID', '姓名', '英语成绩', 'python成绩', 'Java成绩', '总成绩')) # 内容的显示格式 format_data = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}' for item in lst: print(format_data.format( item.get('id'), item.get('name'), item.get('english'), item.get('python'), item.get('java'), int(item.get('english')) + int(item.get('python')) + int(item.get('java')), )) def delete(): while True: student_id = input('请输入要删除的学生ID:') if student_id != '': if os.path.exists(filename): with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file: student_old = file.readlines() else: student_old = [] flag = False if student_old: with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile: d = {} for item in student_old: d = dict(eval(item)) # 将字符串转换为字典 if d['id'] != student_id: # 除了需要删除的,都写进去 wfile.write(str(d) + '\n') else: flag = True if flag: print(f'id为{student_id}的学生信息已被删除') else: print(f'没有找到ID为{student_id}的学生信息') else: print('无学生信息') break show() # 删除后,要重新显示所有学生信息 answer = input('是否继续删除?y/n \n') if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y': continue else: break def modify(): show() if os.path.exists(filename): with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile: student_old = rfile.readlines() else: return student_id = input('请输入要修改的学员ID:') with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile: for item in student_old: d = dict(eval(item)) if d['id'] == student_id: print(f'找到学号为{student_id}的学生信息,可以进行修改') while True: try: d['name'] = input('请输入姓名:') d['english'] = input('请输入英语成绩:') d['Python'] = input('请输入Python成绩:') d['java'] = input('请输入Java成绩:') except: print('您的输入有误,请重新输入!!!') else: break wfile.write(str(d) + '\n') print('修改成功!!!') else: wfile.write(str(d) + '\n') answer = input('是否继续修改?y/n \n') if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y': modify() def sort(): show() if os.path.exists(filename): with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile: student_list = rfile.readlines() student_new = [] for item in student_list: d = dict(eval(item)) student_new.append(d) else: return asc_or_desc = input('请选择(0.升序 1.降序):') if asc_or_desc == '0': asc_or_desc = False elif asc_or_desc == '1': asc_or_desc = True else: print('输入有误,请重新输入') sort() mode = input('请选择排序方式:(1.按英语成绩排序 2.按照python成绩排序 3.按照Java成绩排序 0.按照总成绩排序):') if mode == '1': student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['english']), reverse=asc_or_desc) elif mode == '2': student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['python']), reverse=asc_or_desc) elif mode == '3': student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['java']), reverse=asc_or_desc) elif mode == '4': student_new.sort( key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['english']) + int(student_new['java']) + int(student_new['python']), reverse=asc_or_desc) else: print('您的输入有误,请重新输入') sort() show_student(student_new) def total(): if os.path.exists(filename): with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile: students = rfile.readlines() if students: print(f'一共有{len(students)}名学生') else: print('还没有录入学生信息') else: print('暂未保存数据信息') def show(): student_lst = [] if os.path.exists(filename): with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile: students = rfile.readlines() for item in students: student_lst.append(eval(item)) if student_lst: show_student(student_lst) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
8.2 项目打包
- 安装第三方模块:pip install PyInstaller
打包后生成的文件
运行效果(有点丑)