日志打印之自定义logger handler
By:授客 QQ:1033553122
#实践环境
WIN 10
Python 3.6.5
#实践代码
handler.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- ''' @Author : shouke ''' import logging import logging.config class MyLogHandler(logging.Handler, object): """ 自定义日志handler """ def __init__(self, name, other_attr=None, **kwargs): logging.Handler.__init__(self) print('初始化自定义日志处理器:', name) print('其它属性值:', other_attr) def emit(self, record): """ emit函数为自定义handler类时必重写的函数,这里可以根据需要对日志消息做一些处理,比如发送日志到服务器 发出记录(Emit a record) """ try: msg = self.format(record) print('获取到的消息为:', msg) for item in dir(record): if item in ['process', 'processName', 'thread', 'threadName']: print(item, ':', getattr(record, item)) except Exception: self.handleError(record) # 测试 logging.basicConfig() logger = logging.getLogger("logger") logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) my_log_handler = MyLogHandler('LoggerHandler') logger.addHandler(my_log_handler) logger.info('hello,shouke') 运行handler.py,结果输出如下 初始化自定义日志处理器: LoggerHandler 其它属性值: None 获取到的消息为: hello,shouke process : 27932 processName : MainProcess thread : 45464 threadName : MainThread INFO:logger:hello,shouke
#通过字典配置添加自定义handler
mytest.py(与handler.py位于同一层级目录)
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # # # ''' # @CreateTime: 2020/12/29 14:08 # @Author : shouke # ''' # import logging import logging.config LOGGING_CONFIG = { "version": 1, "disable_existing_loggers": False, "formatters": { "default": { "format":"%(asctime)s %(filename)s %(lineno)s %(levelname)s : %(message)s", }, "plain": { "format": "%(message)s", } }, "handlers": { "customer_handler":{ "class":"study.MyLogHandler", "formatter":"default", # 注意,class,formatter,level,filters之外的参数将默认传递给由class指定类的构造函数 "name":"LoggerHandler", "other_attr":"something others" }, "console": { "class": "logging.StreamHandler", "formatter": "default", }, }, "loggers": { "customer_logger":{ "handlers": ["customer_handler", "console"], "level": logging.INFO, "propagate": False, } } } logging.config.dictConfig(LOGGING_CONFIG) logger = logging.getLogger('customer_logger') logger.info('hello,shouke') 运行mytest.py,输出结果如下 初始化自定义日志处理器: LoggerHandler 其它属性值: something others 获取到的消息为: 2021-01-01 17:51:54,661 mytest.py 48 INFO : hello,shouke process : 36280 processName : MainProcess thread : 37316 threadName : MainThread INFO:logger:hello,shouke 2021-01-01 17:51:54,661 mytest5.py 48 INFO : hello,shouke。
##问题:为什么mytest.py中的代码,不能放在study.py中?
如下,在study.py模块,MyLogHandler类之后追加下述代码
LOGGING_CONFIG = { "version": 1, "disable_existing_loggers": False, "formatters": { "default": { "format":"%(asctime)s %(filename)s %(lineno)s %(levelname)s : %(message)s", } }, "handlers": { "customer_handler":{ "class":"study.MyLogHandler", "formatter":"default", "name":"LoggerHandler", "other_attr":"something others" } }, "loggers": { "customer_logger":{ "handlers": ["customer_handler"], "level": logging.INFO, "propagate": False, } } } logging.config.dictConfig(LOGGING_CONFIG) logger = logging.getLogger('customer_logger') logger.info('hello,shouke') 运行mytest.py,输出结果如下 初始化自定义日志处理器: LoggerHandler 其它属性值: something others 获取到的消息为: 2021-01-09 10:48:24,090 study.py 66 INFO : hello,shouke process : 17276 processName : MainProcess thread : 14516 threadName : MainThread 初始化自定义日志处理器: LoggerHandler 其它属性值: something others 获取到的消息为: 2021-01-09 10:48:24,090 study.py 66 INFO : hello,shouke process : 17276 processName : MainProcess thread : 14516 threadName : MainThread
如上,可以看到,自定义类构造函数被重复执行,日志消息被重复处理
##原因分析
logging.config.dictConfig(config)函数内部调用了DictConfigurator(config).configure(),而configure函数内DictConfigurator部,根据incremental,handlers等当前日志配置,被执行的分支代码中,会调用
DictConfigurator类实例的configure_handler()方法,该方法中,根据当前配置,又会再次调用DictConfigurator类实例的resolve(self, s)方法,参数s接收handler中class配置项目的值。具体代码如下:
class DictConfigurator(BaseConfigurator): # ... 略 def resolve(self, s): """ Resolve strings to objects using standard import and attribute syntax. """ name = s.split('.') # 本例中,s为study.MyLogHandler used = name.pop(0) # used 为study try: found = self.importer(used) # 这里importer = staticmethod(__import__) # 所以此处代码等同于__import__(used) # 这里导入自定义日志处理器所在模块会导致模块中的logging.config.dictConfig(config)代码再次被执行 for frag in name: used += '.' + frag try: found = getattr(found, frag) except AttributeError: self.importer(used) found = getattr(found, frag) return found except ImportError: e, tb = sys.exc_info()[1:] v = ValueError('Cannot resolve %r: %s' % (s, e)) v.__cause__, v.__traceback__ = e, tb raise v def configure_formatter(self, config): """Configure a formatter from a dictionary.""" if '()' in config: factory = config['()'] # for use in exception handler try: result = self.configure_custom(config) except TypeError as te: if "'format'" not in str(te): raise #Name of parameter changed from fmt to format. #Retry with old name. #This is so that code can be used with older Python versions #(e.g. by Django) config['fmt'] = config.pop('format') config['()'] = factory result = self.configure_custom(config) else: fmt = config.get('format', None) dfmt = config.get('datefmt', None) style = config.get('style', '%') cname = config.get('class', None) if not cname: c = logging.Formatter else: c = _resolve(cname) result = c(fmt, dfmt, style) return result # ... 略 def configure_handler(self, config): """Configure a handler from a dictionary.""" config_copy = dict(config) # for restoring in case of error formatter = config.pop('formatter', None) if formatter: try: formatter = self.config['formatters'][formatter] except Exception as e: raise ValueError('Unable to set formatter ' '%r: %s' % (formatter, e)) level = config.pop('level', None) filters = config.pop('filters', None) if '()' in config: c = config.pop('()') if not callable(c): c = self.resolve(c) factory = c else: cname = config.pop('class') klass = self.resolve(cname) #Special case for handler which refers to another handler if issubclass(klass, logging.handlers.MemoryHandler) and 'target' in config: try: th = self.config['handlers'][config['target']] if not isinstance(th, logging.Handler): config.update(config_copy) # restore for deferred cfg raise TypeError('target not configured yet') config['target'] = th except Exception as e: raise ValueError('Unable to set target handler ' '%r: %s' % (config['target'], e)) elif issubclass(klass, logging.handlers.SMTPHandler) and 'mailhost' in config: config['mailhost'] = self.as_tuple(config['mailhost']) elif issubclass(klass, logging.handlers.SysLogHandler) and 'address' in config: config['address'] = self.as_tuple(config['address']) factory = klass props = config.pop('.', None) kwargs = dict([(k, config[k]) for k in config if valid_ident(k)]) try: result = factory(**kwargs) except TypeError as te: if "'stream'" not in str(te): raise #The argument name changed from strm to stream #Retry with old name. #This is so that code can be used with older Python versions #(e.g. by Django) kwargs['strm'] = kwargs.pop('stream') result = factory(**kwargs) if formatter: result.setFormatter(formatter) if level is not None: result.setLevel(logging._checkLevel(level)) if filters: self.add_filters(result, filters) if props: for name, value in props.items(): setattr(result, name, value) return result
至此,logging.config.dictConfig(config)放自定义日志处理类模块中,导致自定义日志处理类重复被执行的原因已经清楚了。
configure函数内部,根据incremental,handlers等当前日志配置,被执行的分支代码中,也可能执行DictConfigurator类实例的configure_formatter()方法,类似的,该方法中也会调用一个名为_resolve的方法,具体代码如下
def _resolve(name): """Resolve a dotted name to a global object.""" name = name.split('.') used = name.pop(0) found = __import__(used) for n in name: used = used + '.' + n try: found = getattr(found, n) except AttributeError: __import__(used) found = getattr(found, n) return found
如果自定义Formatter,把logging.config.dictConfig(config)放自定义日志格式化类模块中,也可能导致重复执行