• Oracle 行列转换函数pivot、unpivot的使用(二)


    一、行转列pivot

    关键函数pivot,其用法如下 pivot(聚合函数 for 列名 in(类型))

    select * from table_name pivot(max(column_name)                            --行转列后的列的值value,聚合函数是必须要有的
                                   for column_name in(value_1,value_2,value_3)     --需要行转列的列及其对应列的属性1/2/3
                                         )

    1、首先举一个简单的例子,创建一个数据表

    1 create table tmp as select * from (
    2 select '张三' student,'语文' course ,78 score from dual union all 
    3 select '张三','数学',87 from dual union all 
    4 select '张三','英语',82 from dual union all 
    5 select '张三','物理',90 from dual union all 
    6 select '李四','语文',65 from dual union all 
    7 select '李四','数学',77 from dual union all 
    8 select '李四','英语',65 from dual union all 
    9 select '李四','物理',85 from dual);

    先使用decode或case when方法

     1 select 
     2   student, 
     3   max(decode(course, '语文', score)) 语文, 
     4   max(decode(course, '数学', score)) 数学, 
     5   max(decode(course, '英语', score)) 英语, 
     6   max(decode(course, '物理', score)) 物理, 
     7   sum(score) total 
     8 from tmp
     9 group by student;
    10 -----------------------------------------
    11 select 
    12   student,
    13   max(case when course = '语文' then score end) 语文, 
    14   max(case when course = '数学' then score end) 数学, 
    15   max(case when course = '英语' then score end) 英语, 
    16   max(case when course = '物理' then score end) 物理, 
    17   sum(score) total 
    18 from tmp
    19   group by student;

    pivot的使用

    1 select t.*,  
    2   (t.语+t.数+t.外+t.物) as total  
    3 from  
    4   (select *  
    5   from tmp pivot ( max(score) for course in ('语文' as 语 , '数学' as 数, '英语' as 外,'物理' as 物) )  
    6   ) t;

    结果同上

    2、实际开发遇到的问题

    有一张目标值表,年、月、日的值都是分开多行显示,现需合并成一行显示,具体数据如下:(type:1-->日,2-->月,3-->年;targetvalue:目标值)

    select * from MOVEBI.T_GMS_MBI_TARGET_DATA where targetcode = '31227061'
    

     

    此数据必须先进性处理,要保证数据可以聚合成一条,若直接使用会出现下列情况:

    select * from MOVEBI.T_GMS_MBI_TARGET_DATA pivot(max(targetvalue) for type in (1 day_value,2 mon_value,3 year_value)) where targetcode = '31227061';

    这不是我们想要的结果,具体改进法法如下:

     1 --方法一:对结果处理
     2 select max(datatime) datatime
     3       ,usercode
     4       ,deptcode
     5       ,deptname
     6       ,targetcode
     7       ,targetname
     8       ,sum(coalesce(day_value,0)) day_value
     9       ,sum(coalesce(mon_value,0)) mon_value
    10       ,sum(coalesce(year_value,0)) year_value
    11   from(
    12 select datatime,usercode,deptcode,deptname,targetcode,targetname,day_value,mon_value,year_value
    13   from MOVEBI.T_GMS_MBI_TARGET_DATA
    14   pivot(max(targetvalue) for type in (1 day_value,2 mon_value,3 year_value)) where targetcode = '31227061')
    15   group by usercode
    16           ,deptcode
    17           ,deptname
    18           ,targetcode
    19           ,targetname;
    20 --方法二:对原始表处理
    21 select *
    22   from (select '20181017' datatime,
    23                usercode,
    24                deptcode,
    25                deptname,
    26                targetcode,
    27                targetname,
    28                targetvalue,
    29                type
    30           from MOVEBI.T_GMS_MBI_TARGET_DATA
    31          where datatime in ('20181017', '201810')
    32            and targetcode = '31227061') t
    33            pivot(max(targetvalue) for type in (1 day_value,2 mon_value,3 year_value)) where targetcode = '31227061';

    二、列转行unpivot

    根据上面的例子创建tmp_2测试用表

    select student,科目,成绩 from tmp_2 unpivot (成绩 for 科目 in (语文, 数学, 英语, 物理));

    同样不使用unpivot也可以实现同样的效果,只是sql语句会很长,而且执行速度效率也没有前者高

    select student,'语文' 科目, (select 语文 from tmp_2 where student=f.student) 成绩 from tmp_2 f
    union
    select student,'数学' 科目, (select 数学 from tmp_2 where student=f.student) 成绩 from tmp_2 f
    union
    select student,'英语' 科目, (select 英语 from tmp_2 where student=f.student) 成绩 from tmp_2 f
    union
    select student,'物理' 科目, (select 物理 from tmp_2 where student=f.student) 成绩 from tmp_2 f
    -------------------------------------------
    select student,'语文' 科目,语文 from tmp_2
    union
    select student,'数学' 科目,语文 from tmp_2
    union
    select student,'英语' 科目,语文 from tmp_2
    union
    select student,'物理' 科目,语文 from tmp_2

    (注:此为学习记录笔记,仅供参考若有问题请指正,后续补充......)

    参考文档:https://blog.csdn.net/xiaokui_wingfly/article/details/42419207

    参考文档:https://www.cnblogs.com/harvey888/p/6735093.html

    参考文档:https://www.cnblogs.com/markfeifei/p/4009343.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shenjie0622/p/10008715.html
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