springMVC初探--环境搭建和第一个HelloWorld简单项目

转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/fingerboy/p/5682426.html

注:此篇为学习springMVC时,做的笔记整理.

MVC框架要做哪些事情?

　　a,将url映射到java类,或者java类的方法上

　　b,封装用户提交的数据

　　c,处理请求->调用相关的业务处理—>封装响应的数据

　　d,将响应的数据进行渲染

springMVC框架有什么优点?

        性能比struts2好

        简单便捷易学,能进行更简洁的web层开发

        天生和spring无缝集成

        使用约定优于配置

        能够进行简单junit测试

        支持restful风格

        异常处理,本地化国际化,数据验证,拦截器

　　　提供一套强大的JSP标签库，简化JSP开发

简单了解springMVC的结构和流程

　　这是在网上找到的一张springmvc的结构流程图:

　　　　

环境搭建和hello springMVC简单案例

1.配置文件开发(非注解方式)

　　a.导入相关jar包 

commons-logging-1.1.3.jar

spring-beans-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar

spring-context-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar

spring-context-support-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar

spring-core-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar

spring-expression-4.3.0.RELEASE.jar

spring-web-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar

spring-webmvc-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar

spring-aop-4.3.0.RELEASE.jar

　　b..在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet

<!-- 配置分发器Dispatcher -->
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  
    <!-- 随系统启动 -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

　　c.添加Springmvc配置文件,默认在WEB-INF目录下添加,springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        <!-- 配置HandlerMapping -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
    <!-- 配置HandleAdapter -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
    <!-- 配置渲染器 -->
    <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <!-- 结果视图的前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!-- 结果视图的后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置请求和处理器 -->
    <bean name="/hello.do" class="com.wang.controler.HelloControler"></bean>


</beans>

　　d.编写HelloControler.java

package com.wang.controler;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class HelloControler implements Controller{

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("msg","hello springmvc");
        System.out.println("111");
        mv.setViewName("hello");
        return mv;
    }
    
}

 在WEB-INF目录下新建hello.jsp,简单写一句表达式${msg},浏览器中测试即可.

　　使用注解方式

　　a.导jar包(相同)

　　b.在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet(这次配置一个contextConfigLocation参数,以将mvc.xml放在src目录下):

<servlet>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:mvc.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

　　c.在src目录下新建mvc.xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        <!-- 配置渲染器 -->
    <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <!-- 结果视图的前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!-- 结果视图的后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置需要扫描的包(重点) -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wang.controller"/>
</beans>

　　d.src目录下新建HelloController.jar(重点):

package com.wang.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public ModelAndView hello(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res){
        ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("msg", "hello world");
        mv.setViewName("hello");
        return mv;
    }
}

参考博文http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/1594806