CBV FBV rest framework

CBV与FBV

restful协议

     ----  一切皆是资源,操作只是请求方式
     
     ----book表增删改查
         /books/                 books
         /books/add/             addbook
         /books/(d+)/change/    changebook
         /books/(d+)/delete/    delbook
         
    ----book表增删改查
         /books/     -----get            books      -----  返回当前所有数据
         /books/     -----post           books      -----  返回提交数据 
         
         /books/(d+)-----get            bookdetail -----  返回当前查看的单条数据 
         /books/(d+)-----put            bookdetail -----  返回更新数据 
         /books/(d+)-----delete         bookdetail -----  返回空
         
              
         class  Books(View):
              def get(self,request):
                  pass  # 查看所有书籍
                  
              def post(self,request)：
                  pass  # 添加书籍
                  
                  
         class  BooksDetail(View):
              def get(self,request,id):
                  pass  # 查看具体书籍
         
              def put(self,request,id):
                  pass  # 更新某本书籍
                  
              def delete(self,request,id)：
                  pass  # 删除某本书籍      
         
         
         
                  



restframework(Django)  

    ----针对数据：json
    
    
    (1)Django的原生request:

          浏览器   -------------  服务器
          
          "GET url?a=1&b=2 http/1.1
user_agent:Google
contentType:urlencoded

"
          "POST url http/1.1
user_agent:Google
contentType:urlencoded

a=1&b=2"

          request.body: a=1&b=2
          request.POST:
                       if contentType:urlencoded:
                             a=1&b=2----->{"a":1,"b":2}
    
    (2)restframework 下的APIView：
    
        
    
    
    (3)
    class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
            name=serializers.CharField()
            email=serializers.CharField()
            
            
        PublishSerializers(queryset,many=true)
        PublishSerializers(model_obj)
        
        
        
    总结：
        1 reuqest类----源码
        
        2 restframework 下的APIView--源码
        
          url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books")#  View下的view

          books/一旦被访问： view(request) ------APIView: dispatch()
        
        3 def dispatch():
        
              构建request对象
              self.request=Request(request)
              self.request._request
              self.request.GET  # get
              self.request.data # POST  PUT
          
              分发----if get请求：
                    if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
                        handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),
                                         self.http_method_not_allowed)
                    else:
                        handler = self.http_method_not_allowed   

                    response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)
                    
                    return response                
            
        4 序列化类
            # from django.core import serializers
            # ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list)
        
            restframework下的序列类  BookModelSerializers
                将queryset或者model对象序列成一json数据
                    bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
                    bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
           
                还可以做校验数据，json-------》queryset/model-->记录
                
                    bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
                    if bs.is_valid():
                        print(bs.validated_data)
                        bs.save() # 重写create方法
        5 操作数据：
        
            以Book表为例
                class BookView(APIView):
                    # 查看所有书籍
                    def get(self,request):
                        book_list=Book.objects.all()
                        bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
                        return Response(bs.data)
                        
                    # 添加一本书籍    
                    def post(self,request):
                        # post请求的数据
                        bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
                        if bs.is_valid():
                            print(bs.validated_data)
                            bs.save()# create方法
                            return Response(bs.data)
                        else:
                            return Response(bs.errors)

                class BookDetailView(APIView):
                    # 查看一本书籍
                    def get(self,request,id):

                        book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
                        bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
                        return Response(bs.data)
                    # 更新一本书籍
                    def put(self,request,id):
                        book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
                        bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)
                        if bs.is_valid():
                            bs.save()
                            return Response(bs.data)
                        else:
                            return Response(bs.errors)
                    # 删除某一本书籍
                    def delete(self,request,id):
                        Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()

                        return Response()

1 CBV

2 APIView
 class BookView（APIView）：pass
 url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),
 url(r'^books/$', View类下的view,name="books"),
 一旦访问books/:  view(request)======APIView类下的dispatch()====请求方式对应的示例方法()

3 def dispatch()：
      #一 初始化操作
      # (1) 构建新的request:
      self.request=self.initial_request()
      # self.request._request
      # self.request.GET
      # self.request.data
      # (2) 执行组件
      # 认证，权限，频率
      # 认证：request.user
      self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
                 ====   # 认证组件
                        self.perform_authentication(request)
                           ==== request.user
                                     ===== 
                                          for authenticator in self.authenticators:  # [TokenAuth(),]
                                                    try:
                                                        user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)
                                                    except exceptions.APIException:
                                                        self._not_authenticated()
                                                        raise

                                                    if user_auth_tuple is not None:
                                                        self._authenticator = authenticator
                                                        self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple
                                                        return
                        
                        
                        # 权限组件
                        self.check_permissions(request)
                           ===========
                                 for permission in self.get_permissions():
                                        if not permission.has_permission(request, self):
                                            self.permission_denied(
                                                request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None)
                                            )
                        
                        
                        # 频率组件
                        self.check_throttles(request)
                        
                          =============
                            for throttle in self.get_throttles():  # [VisitRateThrottle(),]
                                    if not throttle.allow_request(request, self):
                                        self.throttled(request, throttle.wait()) # 受限制
                       
                        
       # 分发
            if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
                handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(),
                                  self.http_method_not_allowed)
        
            response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
            
            return response

            
4 序列化组件
    
    class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
            name = serializers.CharField()
            email = serializers.CharField()
                    
    class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
            class Meta:
                model=Publish
                fields="__all__"
    
    # queryset或者model对象-------------》json数据
    ps=PublishSerializers(queryset,many=True)
    ps.data # [{},{},{}]
    
    ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,many=False)
    ps.data # {}
    
    
    # json数据-------》记录
    # 添加操作
    ps=PublishSerializers(data=request.data)
    if ps.is_valid():
       ps.save()  # create
       
    # 更新操作
    
    ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,data=request.data)
    if ps.is_valid():
       ps.save()  # update
    
        
5 视图组件
    # 版本1：
          # Book表
            class BookView(APIView):
                
                def get(self,request):
                    book_list=Book.objects.all()
                    bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
                    return Response(bs.data)        
                def post(self,request):
                    # post请求的数据
                    bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
                    if bs.is_valid():
                        print(bs.validated_data)
                        bs.save()# create方法
                        return Response(bs.data)
                    else:
                        return Response(bs.errors)


            class BookDetailView(APIView):

                def get(self,request,id):

                    book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
                    bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
                    return Response(bs.data)

                def put(self,request,id):
                    book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
                    bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)
                    if bs.is_valid():
                        bs.save()
                        return Response(bs.data)
                    else:
                        return Response(bs.errors)

                def delete(self,request,id):
                    Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()

                    return Response()
    

    # 版本2：mixIn
    
        from rest_framework import mixins
        from rest_framework import generics

        class AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
            queryset=Author.objects.all()
            serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers

            def get(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
                return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
            def post(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
                return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)


        class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
            queryset = Author.objects.all()
            serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers

            def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
                return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)

            def delete(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
                return self.destroy(request,*args, **kwargs)

            def put(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
                return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)
            
            
    # 版本3：基于通用类
        from rest_framework import mixins
        from rest_framework import generics


        class AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
            queryset=Author.objects.all()
            serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers

        class AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
            queryset = Author.objects.all()
            serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
            
    # 版本4
     class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
            queryset = Author.objects.all()
            serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
            
     url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
     url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put"
    
     流程：
         url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
         url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
         url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin类下的view),
         一旦访问 /authors/:
              ViewSetMixin
             def  view():
                for method, action in actions.items(): # {"get":"list","post":"create"}
                    handler = getattr(self, action)    # self.list  self.create
                    setattr(self, method, handler)            
                         
                self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
            
            APIView类下的self.dispatch
                  # 分发
                    if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
                        handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(),
                                          self.http_method_not_allowed)
                

                    response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.list()
                    
                    return response
        
    
6 认证权限频率 组件      
      
    request.META:
        {'ALLUSERSPROFILE': 'C:\ProgramData', 
        'APPDATA': 'C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming', 
        'COMMONPROGRAMFILES': 'C:\Program Files\Common Files', 
        'COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files',
        'COMMONPROGRAMW6432': 'C:\Program Files\Common Files', 
        'COMPUTERNAME': 'PC201712041709',
        'COMSPEC': 'C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe', 
        'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE': 'restdemo.settings', 
        'FP_NO_HOST_CHECK': 'NO', 'HOMEDRIVE': 'C:', 
        'HOMEPATH': '\Users\Administrator',
        'LOCALAPPDATA': 'C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local', 
        'LOGONSERVER': '\\PC201712041709', 
        'NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS': '4', 'OS': 'Windows_NT',
        'PATH': 'C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Scripts;C:\Python27;E:\MySQL Server 5.6\bin;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Scripts\;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\atom\bin', 
        'PATHEXT': '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC', 
        'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE': 'AMD64', 
        'PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER': 'Intel64 Family 6 Model 60 Stepping 3, GenuineIntel',
        'PROCESSOR_LEVEL': '6', 'PROCESSOR_REVISION': '3c03', 
        'PROGRAMDATA': 'C:\ProgramData',
        'PROGRAMFILES': 'C:\Program Files',
        'PROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\Program Files (x86)', 
        'PROGRAMW6432': 'C:\Program Files', 
        'PSMODULEPATH': 'C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\', 
        'PUBLIC': 'C:\Users\Public', 'PYCHARM_HOSTED': '1', 'PYTHONIOENCODING': 'UTF-8', 
        'PYTHONPATH': 'C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\s9\restdemo', 'PYTHONUNBUFFERED': '1', 
        'SESSIONNAME': 'Console', 'SYSTEMDRIVE': 'C:', 'SYSTEMROOT': 'C:\Windows', 
        'TEMP': 'C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp', 'TMP': 'C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp',
        'USERDOMAIN': 'PC201712041709', 
        'USERNAME': 'Administrator', 
        'USERPROFILE': 'C:\Users\Administrator', 
        'WINDIR': 'C:\Windows', 'WINDOWS_TRACING_FLAGS': '3', 
        'WINDOWS_TRACING_LOGFILE': 'C:\BVTBin\Tests\installpackage\csilogfile.log',
        'RUN_MAIN': 'true', 'SERVER_NAME': 'PC201712041709', 
        'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1', 'SERVER_PORT': '8000', 
        'REMOTE_HOST': '', 
        'CONTENT_LENGTH': '', 
        'SCRIPT_NAME': '', 
        'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1', 
        'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'WSGIServer/0.2', 
        'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 
        'PATH_INFO': '/authors/', 
        'QUERY_STRING': 'token=8204b8e3ac40bf59ae480d17c146b51a', 
        'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1', 
        'CONTENT_TYPE': 'text/plain', 
        'HTTP_HOST': '127.0.0.1:8000', 
        'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive', 
        'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36', 
        'HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS': '1', 
        'HTTP_ACCEPT': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
        'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'HTTP_COOKIE': 'csrftoken=jtus3l4GJEc9TFXWYCWxkBIZprcOv7C1vFMIyOHs7Zkxt015FwVZ2KEEeDV6LOyN', 'wsgi.input': <_io.BufferedReader name=832>, 'wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>, 'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 'wsgi.run_once': False, 'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http', 'wsgi.multithread': True, 'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 'wsgi.file_wrapper': <class 'wsgiref.util.FileWrapper'>}
    

7 解析器-----数据解析器
    from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser,FileUploadParser
    parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser]
    
8 路由控制
    针对：
         url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
         url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailauthor"),

       
         class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
   
                queryset = Author.objects.all()
                serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
                
                
                
         url(r'^books/$', views.BookModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
         url(r'^books/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.BookModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailbook"),
         
         
       
         class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
   
                queryset = Author.objects.all()
                serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
     
     
9 分页 

    

10 响应器  Response