• python学习(21) smtp发送邮件


    原文链接:

     https://www.jianshu.com/p/369ec15bfe22

    本文介绍python发送邮件模块smtplib以及相关MIME模块。
    smtplib用于生成邮件发送的代理,发送邮件前需要通过MIMEText构造邮件内容。

    发送纯文本邮件

    下面是个发送纯文本邮件的例子。

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    import smtplib
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    msg_from='XXXXX@163.com'
    passwd='XXXXX'
    msg_to='XXXXX@qq.com'

    subject="python邮件测试"
    content="这是我使用python smtplib及email模块发送的邮件"

    msg = MIMEText(content)
    msg['Subject'] = subject
    msg['From'] = msg_from
    msg['To'] = msg_to
    try:
    #s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.163.com",465)
    s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.163.com",25)
    s.login(msg_from, passwd)
    s.sendmail(msg_from, msg_to, msg.as_string())
    print ("发送成功")
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print ("发送失败")
    finally:
    s.quit()

    MIMEText实例化一个邮件对象,内容为content,对于邮件标题Subject,发件人From,以及收件人To
    需要以字典形式指出,或者通过add_header(下文会给出)添加,否则对方看不到这些信息。
    想要通过smtp发送邮件,需要打开指定邮箱的smtp协议,以及设置smtp授权密码。我设置的是163邮箱的。


    设置好密码后,将上述代码中的passwd改为你的密码,msg_from改为你的邮箱。smtplib可以通过SMTP_SSL
    发送,也可以采用普通形式直接初始化,对应的两个参数分别是授权的smtp服务器地址和端口号,因为我
    设置的是163的,所以使用smtp.163.com服务器地址,端口号和服务器地址读者可以自己去查。通过生成的
    smtp实例,一次调用login,sendemail就可以发送了。最后记得调用quit退出。
    发送一封纯文本邮件,看一下效果

    我们发现发件人标题显示的只有邮箱地址,没有昵称,可以采用parseaddr和formataddr对发件人信息完善。

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    def _format_addr(s):
    name, addr = parseaddr(s)
    return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))

    import smtplib
    from email.header import Header
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr

    msg_from='XXXXX@163.com'
    passwd='XXXXX'
    msg_to='XXXXX@qq.com'
    receivers = ['XXXXX@qq.com']

    subject="python邮件测试"
    content="这是我使用python smtplib及email模块发送的邮件"

    msg = MIMEText(content,'plain','utf-8')
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8').encode()
    msg['From'] = _format_addr('恋恋风辰 <%s>' %msg_from)
    msg['To'] = msg_to

    try:
    #s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.163.com",465)
    s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.163.com",25)
    s.login(msg_from, passwd)
    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())
    print ("发送成功")
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print ("发送失败")
    finally:
    s.quit()

    这样可以看到发件人的昵称了。我设置的是恋恋风辰。Header函数的作用是防止中文乱码。
    Header对字符串按照utf-8方式编码。MIMEText中参数plain表示纯文本,utf-8表示纯文本
    的编码方式。

    发送html邮件

    发送html邮件和之前发送纯文本类似,只需要将plain变为html,即可。

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    def _format_addr(s):
    name, addr = parseaddr(s)
    return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))

    import smtplib
    from email.header import Header
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
    msg_from = 'XXXXXX@163.com'
    passwd = 'XXXXX'
    msg_to='XXXXXX@qq.com'
    receivers = ['XXXXXX@qq.com']
    subject = 'python邮件测试html'
    content = '<html><body><h1>Hello</h1>' +
    '<p>send by <a href="http://www.python.org">Python</a>...</p>'

    msg = MIMEText(content, 'html', 'utf-8')
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8').encode()
    msg['From'] = _format_addr('恋恋风辰 <%s>' %msg_from)
    msg['To'] = msg_to

    try:
    s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.163.com",25)
    s.login(msg_from, passwd)
    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())
    print('发送成功')
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print('发送失败')
    finally:
    s.quit()

    看看效果:

    发送带附件的邮件

    发送带附件的邮件,和之前不同,需要通过MIMEMultipart创建邮件实例,
    然后将文本,附件等通过attach方法绑定到邮件实例上,然后一起发送。

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    import smtplib
    import email
    from email.header import Header
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
    from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
    from email.mime.base import MIMEBase


    def _format_addr(s):
    name, addr = parseaddr(s)
    return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))

    msg_from = 'XXXXX@163.com'
    passwd = 'XXXXX'
    msg_to='XXXXXX@qq.com'
    receivers = ['XXXX@qq.com']
    subject = 'python邮件测试附件'
    content = '<html><body><h1>Hello</h1>' +
    '<p>send by <a href="http://www.python.org">Python</a>...</p>'

    #附件邮件对象
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg['From'] = _format_addr('恋恋风辰 <%s>' %msg_from)
    msg['To'] = msg_to
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8').encode()
    #添加正文
    text = MIMEText(content, 'html','utf-8')
    msg.attach(text)
    #添加附件就是创建一个MIMEBase对象,然后attach到msg上。
    with open('./email.jpg','rb') as f:
    #设置附件名字
    mime = MIMEBase('image', 'jpg', filename='text.jpg')
    #加上头信息
    mime.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename='test.jpg')
    mime.add_header('Content-ID','<0>')
    mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id','0')
    #读取内容放入附件
    mime.set_payload(f.read())
    #用Base64编码
    email.encoders.encode_base64(mime)
    #添加到MIMEMultipart中
    msg.attach(mime)

    try:
    s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.163.com",25)
    s.login(msg_from, passwd)
    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())
    print('发送成功')
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print('发送失败')
    finally:
    s.quit()

    MIMEMultipart创建邮件实例msg,将收件人,发件人,主题设置到msg上。
    然后通过MIMEText创建html文本内容,调用msg.attach方法将文本内容绑定
    到邮件上。同样的道理,打开一个图片,通过MIMEBase创建一个附件实例,
    设置文件名,文件类型,绑定的id等等,最后通过set_payload加载到附件,
    然后msg.attach绑定到邮件实例上。后面的发送流程和之前一样。
    看看效果:

    发送带图片的html邮件

    想要在html中添加图片,并且在邮件正文中显示,只需要在html文本中引用
    图片id即可。

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    import smtplib
    from email.header import Header
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
    from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
    from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
    from email.mime.image import MIMEImage


    def _format_addr(s):
    name, addr = parseaddr(s)
    return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))

    msg_from = 'XXXXXXXXXXXX@163.com'
    passwd = 'XXXXX'
    msg_to='XXXXXXXXX@qq.com'
    receivers = ['XXXXXXXXXX@qq.com']
    subject = 'python邮件测试附件'
    content = '<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>good!'

    #附件邮件对象
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg['From'] = _format_addr('恋恋风辰 <%s>' %msg_from)
    msg['To'] = msg_to
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8').encode()
    #添加正文
    text = MIMEText(content, 'html','utf-8')
    msg.attach(text)

    #添加附件就是创建一个MIMEBase对象,然后attach到msg上。
    with open('./email.jpg','rb') as f:
    #设置附件名字
    mime = MIMEImage(f.read())
    #加上头信息
    mime.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename='test.jpg')
    mime.add_header('Content-ID','`<image1>`')

    #添加到MIMEMultipart中
    msg.attach(mime)

    try:
    s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.163.com",25)
    s.login(msg_from, passwd)
    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())
    print('发送成功')
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print('发送失败')
    finally:
    s.quit()

    mime.add_header(‘Content-ID’,'<image1>') 设置图片id为image1,
    在html中引用image1就可以在邮件中文中显示图片了。
    通过<img src="cid:image1">方式进行引用。

    Messge类的继承和派生关系

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     Message
    +- MIMEBase
    +- MIMEMultipart
    +- MIMENonMultipart
    +- MIMEMessage
    +- MIMEText
    +- MIMEImage

    MIMEBase继承于Message,MIMEMultipart继承于MIMEBase。

    用MIMEText发送多种附件

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    import smtplib
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    from email.header import Header
    from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
    from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
    import os

    def _format_addr(s):
    name, addr = parseaddr(s)
    return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))

    msg_from = 'XXXXXXXXX@163.com'
    passwd = 'XXXXXXXXXXX'
    msg_to='XXXXXXXXX@qq.com'
    receivers = ['XXXXXXXXXXX@qq.com']
    subject = 'python邮件测试附件'
    content = '多种附件'

    #附件邮件对象
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg['From'] = _format_addr('恋恋风辰 <%s>' %msg_from)
    msg['To'] = msg_to
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8').encode()
    #添加正文
    text = MIMEText(content, 'html','utf-8')
    msg.attach(text)

    os.chdir('./res')
    dir = os.getcwd()

    for fn in os.listdir(dir):
    print(fn)
    with open(fn,'rb') as f:
    mime = MIMEText(f.read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
    mime.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename = fn)
    mime.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/octet-stream')
    msg.attach(mime)

    try:
    s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.163.com",25)
    s.login(msg_from, passwd)
    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())
    print('发送成功')
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print('发送失败')
    finally:
    s.quit()

    大体原理和之前一样,通过MIMEText可以实现多种附件的发送。
    注意格式改为base64,编码用utf-8,可以实现多种附件发送。
    效果如下:

    通过MIMEApplication发送多种附件

    同样可以通过MIMEApplication发送多种附件。

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    import smtplib
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
    from email.header import Header
    from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
    from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
    import os

    def _format_addr(s):
    name, addr = parseaddr(s)
    return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))

    msg_from = 'xxxxxxxxx@163.com'
    passwd = 'xxxxxxxxxx'
    msg_to='xxxxxxxxxxx@qq.com'
    receivers = ['xxxxxxxxx@qq.com']
    subject = 'python邮件测试附件'
    content = '多种附件'

    #附件邮件对象
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg['From'] = _format_addr('恋恋风辰 <%s>' %msg_from)
    msg['To'] = msg_to
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8').encode()
    #添加正文
    text = MIMEText(content, 'html','utf-8')
    msg.attach(text)

    os.chdir('./res')
    dir = os.getcwd()

    for fn in os.listdir(dir):
    print(fn)
    with open(fn,'rb') as f:
    mime = MIMEApplication(f.read())
    mime.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename = fn)
    mime.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/octet-stream')
    msg.attach(mime)

    try:
    s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.163.com",25)
    s.login(msg_from, passwd)
    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())
    print('发送成功')
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print('发送失败')
    finally:
    s.quit()

    效果和之前的一样,这就是python中利用smtplib和MIME构造邮件发送的案例。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/secondtonone1/p/8213749.html
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