• Hadoop: Hadoop Cluster配置文件


    Hadoop配置文件

    Hadoop的配置文件:

    • 只读的默认配置文件:core-default.xml, hdfs-default.xml, yarn-default.xml 和 mapred-default.xml
    • 站点特定的配置文件:etc/hadoop/core-site.xml, etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml, etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml 和 etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xm
    • Hadoop环境变量配置文件:etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.shetc/hadoop/mapred-env.sh 和 etc/hadoop/yarn-env.sh

    管理员用户可以修改etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.shetc/hadoop/mapred-env.sh 和 etc/hadoop/yarn-env.sh 脚本来自定义站点特定的配置,修改这些脚本就是配置Hadoop后台进程用到的环境变量,比如,配置JAVA_HOME。

    通过修改下面配置参数,管理员可以设置单独的Hadoop后台进程

     DaemonEnvironment Variable
    NameNode HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS
    DataNode HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS
    Secondary NameNode HADOOP_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS
    ResourceManager YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_OPTS
    NodeManager YARN_NODEMANAGER_OPTS
    WebAppProxy YARN_PROXYSERVER_OPTS
    Map Reduce Job History Server HADOOP_JOB_HISTORYSERVER_OPTS

    其他有用的配置参数:

    • HADOOP_PID_DIR:进程ID文件存放的目录
    • HADOOP_LOG_DIR:日志文件存放的目录,默认会自动创建。
    • HADOOP_HEAPSIZE / YARN_HEAPSIZE:能够使用堆内存的最大值,以MB为单位。默认值是1000,既1000M。使用它可以单独指定某个节点Hadoop进程能够使用的内存大小。

    大多数情况下,我们需要配置HADOOP_PID_DIRHADOOP_LOG_DIR,因为运行Hadoop进程的用户需要对这些目录有写权限。

    三、Hadoop后台进程及配置

    • HDFS后台进程:NameNode、SecondaryNameNode、DataNode
    • YARN后天进程:ResourceManager、WebAppProxy
    • MapReduce后台进程:MapReduce Job History Server

    下面介绍各个配置文件中的重要参数

    1、etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

      ParameterValueNotes
    fs.defaultFS NameNode URI hdfs://host:port/
    io.file.buffer.size 131072 读写文件的buffer大小,单位byte

    2、etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

    NameNode配置参数

     ParameterValueNotes
    dfs.namenode.name.dir NameNo的在本地文件系统中存储namespace和事务日志的目录 如果配置多个目录,用逗号分开,每个目录都会存放一份副本
    dfs.hosts DataDode白名单 不指定,默认所有DataNode都可以使用
    dfs.hosts.exclude DataNode黑名单,不允许使用 不指定,默认所有DataNode都可以使用
    dfs.blocksize 268435456 HDFS数据块大小,单位byte,默认64M,对于超大文件可以配置为256M
    dfs.namenode.handler.count 100 处理对DataNode的RPC调用的NameNode服务线程数量

    DataNode配置参数

     ParameterValueNotes
    dfs.datanode.data.dir DataNode在本地文件系统存储数据块的目录,多个目录按逗号分割 如果是多个目录,会在每个目录存放一个副本

    3、etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

    针对ResourceManager 和 NodeManager共同的配置

     ParameterValueNotes
    yarn.acl.enable true / false 是否启用ACL权限控制,默认false
    yarn.admin.acl Admin ACL 集群上管理员的ACL权限,具体参考Linux下ACL权限控制的详细内容。默认是*,表示任何人都可以访问,什么也不设置(空白)表示禁止任何人访问
    yarn.log-aggregation-enable false 是否启用日志聚合,默认false

    ResourceManager配置参数

     ParameterValueNotes
    yarn.resourcemanager.address 客户端访问并提交作业的地址(host:port 一旦设置了,这个地址会覆盖参数 yarn.resourcemanager.hostname指定的值
    yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address ApplicationMasters 连接并调度、获取资源的地址host:port) 一旦设置了,这个地址会覆盖参数 yarn.resourcemanager.hostname指定的值
    yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address NodeManagers连接ResourceManager的地址host:port) 一旦设置了,这个地址会覆盖参数 yarn.resourcemanager.hostname指定的值
    yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address 管理相关的commands连接ResourceManager的地址host:port) 一旦设置了,这个地址会覆盖参数 yarn.resourcemanager.hostname指定的值
    yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address 浏览器访问ResourceManager的地址host:port) 一旦设置了,这个地址会覆盖参数 yarn.resourcemanager.hostname指定的值
    yarn.resourcemanager.hostname ResourceManager主机名称  
    yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.class

    ResourceManager调度程序使用的java class,默认值是

    org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.capacity.CapacityScheduler

    CapacityScheduler (推荐), FairScheduler (推荐), or FifoScheduler
    yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-mb 为每一个资源请求分配的最小内存 单位MB
    yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb 为每一个资源请求分配的最大内存 单位MB
    yarn.resourcemanager.nodes.include-path / yarn.resourcemanager.nodes.exclude-path etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml  

    NodeManager配置参数

     ParameterValueNotes
    yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb NodeManager进程可使用的物理内存大小 关系到yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-mbyarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb
    yarn.nodemanager.vmem-pmem-ratio Maximum ratio by which virtual memory usage of tasks may exceed physical memory The virtual memory usage of each task may exceed its physical memory limit by this ratio. The total amount of virtual memory used by tasks on the NodeManager may exceed its physical memory usage by this ratio.
    yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs 存放中间数据的本地目录,多个目录逗号分隔 多个目录可以提升磁盘IO速度
    yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs 存放日志的本地目录,多个目录逗号分隔 多个目录可以提升磁盘IO速度
    yarn.nodemanager.log.retain-seconds 10800 Default time (in seconds) to retain log files on the NodeManager Only applicable if log-aggregation is disabled.
    yarn.nodemanager.remote-app-log-dir /logs HDFS directory where the application logs are moved on application completion. Need to set appropriate permissions. Only applicable if log-aggregation is enabled.
    yarn.nodemanager.remote-app-log-dir-suffix logs Suffix appended to the remote log dir. Logs will be aggregated to ${yarn.nodemanager.remote-app-log-dir}/${user}/${thisParam} Only applicable if log-aggregation is enabled.
    yarn.nodemanager.aux-services mapreduce_shuffle Shuffle service that needs to be set for Map Reduce applications.

    History Server 参数配置:

     ParameterValueNotes
    yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds -1 How long to keep aggregation logs before deleting them. -1 disables. Be careful, set this too small and you will spam the name node.
    yarn.log-aggregation.retain-check-interval-seconds -1 Time between checks for aggregated log retention. If set to 0 or a negative value then the value is computed as one-tenth of the aggregated log retention time. Be careful, set this too small and you will spam the name node.

    4、etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

    MapReduce 应用的配置:

    ParameterValueNotes
    mapreduce.framework.name yarn Execution framework set to Hadoop YARN.
    mapreduce.map.memory.mb 1536 Larger resource limit for maps.
    mapreduce.map.java.opts -Xmx1024M Larger heap-size for child jvms of maps.
    mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb 3072 Larger resource limit for reduces.
    mapreduce.reduce.java.opts -Xmx2560M Larger heap-size for child jvms of reduces.
    mapreduce.task.io.sort.mb 512 Higher memory-limit while sorting data for efficiency.
    mapreduce.task.io.sort.factor 100 More streams merged at once while sorting files.
    mapreduce.reduce.shuffle.parallelcopies 50 Higher number of parallel copies run by reduces to fetch outputs from very large number of maps.

     MapReduce JobHistory Server配置:

    ParameterValueNotes
    mapreduce.jobhistory.address MapReduce JobHistory Server host:port Default port is 10020.
    mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address MapReduce JobHistory Server Web UI host:port Default port is 19888.
    mapreduce.jobhistory.intermediate-done-dir /mr-history/tmp Directory where history files are written by MapReduce jobs.
    mapreduce.jobhistory.done-dir /mr-history/done Directory where history files are managed by the MR JobHistory Server.

    NodeManagers的健康监控

    Hadoop提供了一个监控机制,管理员可以配置NodeManager运行一个脚本,定期检测某个Node是否健康可用。如果某Node不可用,该节点会在standard output打印出一条ERROR开头的消息,NodeManager会定期检查所有Node的output,如果发现有ERROR信息,就会把这个Node标志为unhealthy,然后将其加入黑名单,不会有任务分陪给它了,直到该Node恢复正常,NodeManager检测到会将其移除黑名单,继续分配任务给它。

    下面是health monitoring script的配置信息,位于etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

    ParameterValueNotes
    yarn.nodemanager.health-checker.script.path Node health script Script to check for node’s health status.
    yarn.nodemanager.health-checker.script.opts Node health script options Options for script to check for node’s health status.
    yarn.nodemanager.health-checker.script.interval-ms Node health script interval Time interval for running health script.
    yarn.nodemanager.health-checker.script.timeout-ms Node health script timeout interval Timeout for health script execution.

    NodeManager要能够定期检查本地磁盘,特别是nodemanager-local-dirs 和 nodemanager-log-dirs配置的目录,当发现bad directories的数量达到了yarn.nodemanager.disk-health-checker.min-healthy-disks指定的值,这个节点才被标志为unhealthy。

    Slaves File

    列出所有DataNode节点的 hostnames or IP 地址在etc/hadoop/slaves 文件, 一行一个。 Helper 脚本 (described below) 使用etc/hadoop/slaves 文件在许多客户端运行命令。 它不需要任何基于Java的hadoop配置,为了使用此功能,Hadoop节点之间应使用ssh建立互信连接。

    配置 SSH

    ssh免密码远程连接,主要用于start-dfs.sh 和 start-yarn.sh 脚本,实现批量启动HDFS、YARN进程

    以下实现hdfs用户的ssh免密码,主要用于start-dfs.sh

    1、检查ssh本机是否需要密码

    [hdfs@server1 ~]$ ssh localhost
    The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established.
    ECDSA key fingerprint is dd:f4:7e:77:28:03:a1:3d:d2:f1:1d:d0:fe:70:a3:dc.
    Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

    2、设置针对hdfs用户的面密码ssh

    server1:192.168.100.51

    server2:192.168.100.52

    # 实现本机ssh免密码
    [hdfs@server1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
    [hdfs@server1 .ssh]$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
    [hdfs@server1 .ssh]$ chmod 0600 authorized_keys

    # 实现192.168.100.52可以免密码ssh本机
    [hdfs@server1 ~]$ scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub hdfs@192.168.100.52:~

    # 登录192.168.100.52设置
    [hdfs@server2 ~]$ ls
    id_rsa.pub
    [hdfs@server2 ~]$ cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys

    # ssh 192.168.100.51
    [hdfs@server2 ~]$ ssh 192.168.100.51
    Last login: Tue Sep  6 14:36:15 2016 from localhost
    [hdfs@server1 ~]$ logout

    3、按照同样的方式,实现server1对server2的ssh免密码

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/seastar1989/p/5834196.html
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