• blocks 学习


    转载请注明,谢谢。

    Ios4已经直接支持blocks,很有必要学习一下。

    iosblocks是对象,它封装了一段代码,这段代码可以在任何时候执行。Blocks可以作为函数参数或者函数的返回值,而其本身又可以带输入参数或返回值。它和传统的函数指针很类似,但是有区别:blocksinline的,并且它对局部变量是只读的。

    Blocks的定义:

             int (^Multiply)(int, int) = ^(int num1, int num2) {return num1 * num2;};

    定义了一个Multiplyblocks对象,它带有两个int参数,返回int。等式右边就是blocks的具体实现,注意{}blocks体里的;。

    Blocks可以访问局部变量,但是不能修改。

                  int multiplier = 7;

         int (^myBlock)(int) = ^(int num) {

             multiplier ++;//编译报错

             return num * multiplier;

         };

    如果要修改就要加关键字:__block

             __block int multiplier = 7;

         int (^myBlock)(int) = ^(int num) {

             multiplier ++;//这样就可以了

             return num * multiplier;

         };

     

    作为函数的参数,blocks某种意义上替代了回调函数或者delegate。当函数调用了,假设某个事件触发,这时blocks里的内容就会运行。这样有利于代码的整合和阅读,你不需要到处去实现委托方法了。

    系统API中已经有很多支持blocks参数了

    ·       Completion handlers

    ·       Notification handlers

    ·       Error handlers

    ·       Enumeration

    ·       View animation and transitions

    ·       Sorting

    例如:

    [UIView animateWithDuration:(NSTimeInterval)duration animations:(void (^)())animations]

    集合体中也可以运用blocks。枚举一个数组时我们通常:

             for (id obj in Array);

    现在,

    NSString *area = @"Europe";

        NSArray *timeZoneNames = [NSTimeZone knownTimeZoneNames];

        NSMutableArray *areaArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:1];

        NSIndexSet *areaIndexes = [timeZoneNames indexesOfObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationConcurrent

                                                                 passingTest:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {

                                                                     NSString  *tmpStr = (NSString *)obj;

                                                                     return [tmpStr hasPrefix:area];

                                                                 }];

       

        NSArray *tmpArray = [timeZoneNames objectsAtIndexes:areaIndexes];

        [tmpArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationConcurrent|NSEnumerationReverse

                                   usingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {

                                       [areaArray addObject:[obj substringFromIndex:[area length]+1]];

                                   }];

        NSLog(@"Cities in %@ time zone:%@", area, areaArray);

    blocksobj就是数组中的每个成员,我们就可以在blocks内对每个对象进行处理。再比如:

    NSMutableArray *mArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"abc",nil];

        NSMutableArray *mArrayCount = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:1];

        [mArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationConcurrent usingBlock: ^(id obj,NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop){

            [mArrayCount addObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:[obj length]]];

        }];

       

        NSLog(@"%@",mArrayCount);

    你会发现,这样写代码更容易读懂。

    最后,看一个排序的例子:

        NSArray *stringsArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

                                 @"string 1",

                                 @"String 21",

                                 @"string 12",

                                 @"String 11",

                                 @"String 02", nil];

        static NSStringCompareOptions comparisonOptions = NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch |

        NSWidthInsensitiveSearch | NSForcedOrderingSearch;

        NSLocale *currentLocale = [NSLocale currentLocale];

        NSComparator finderSort = ^(id string1, id string2) {

            NSRange string1Range = NSMakeRange(0, [string1 length]);

            return [string1 compare:string2 options:comparisonOptions range:string1Range locale:currentLocale];

        };

        NSLog(@"finderSort: %@", [stringsArray sortedArrayUsingComparator:finderSort]);

    结果:finderSort: (

        "string 1",

        "String 02",

        "String 11",

        "string 12",

        "String 21"

    )

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/scorpiozj/p/1941008.html
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