• Linux内核:regmap机制


    背景

    在学习SPI框架的时候,看到了有一个rtc驱动用到了regmap,本想通过传统方式访问spi接口的我,突然有点不适应,翻了整个驱动,愣是没有找到读写spi的范式;因此了解了regmap以后,才发现regmap做了这个事情。

    介绍

    在Linu 3.1开始,Linux引入了regmap来统一管理内核的I2C, SPI等总线,将I2C, SPI驱动做了一次重构,把I/O读写的重复逻辑在regmap中实现。只需初始化时指定总线类型、寄存器位宽等关键参数,即可通过regmap模型接口来操作器件寄存器。

    当然,regmap同样适用于操作cpu自身的寄存器。将i2c、spi、mmio、irq都抽象出统一的接口regmap_read、regmap_write、regmap_update_bits等接口 ,从而提高代码的可重用性,并且使得在使用如上内核基础组件时变得更为简单易用。

    regmap是在 linux 内核为减少慢速 I/O 驱动上的重复逻辑,提供一种通用的接口来操作底层硬件寄存器的模型框架。

    此外,如果在regmap在驱动和硬件寄存器之间使用cache,会减少底层低速 I/O 的操作次数,提高访问效率;但降低了实时性会有所降低。

    传统的写法

    用一个I2C设备为例,在3.1之前的I2C设备驱动,需要各自调用i2c_transfer来实现读写,比如:

    static int raydium_i2c_pda2_write(struct i2c_client *client,
            unsigned char addr, unsigned char *w_data, unsigned short length)
    {
        int retval = -1;
        unsigned char retry;
        unsigned char buf[MAX_WRITE_PACKET_SIZE + 1];
        struct raydium_ts_data *data = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
    
        struct i2c_msg msg[] = {
            {
                .addr = RAYDIUM_I2C_NID,
                .flags = RAYDIUM_I2C_WRITE,
                .len = length + 1,
                .buf = buf,
            },
        };
    
    
        if (length > MAX_WRITE_PACKET_SIZE)
        {
            return -EINVAL;
        }
        u8_i2c_mode = PDA2_MODE;
        buf[0] = addr;
        memcpy(&buf[1], w_data, length);
    
        for (retry = 0; retry < SYN_I2C_RETRY_TIMES; retry++)
        {
            if (i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, 1) == 1)
            {
                retval = length;
                break;
            }
            msleep(20);
        }
    
        if (retry == SYN_I2C_RETRY_TIMES)
        {
            dev_err(&data->client->dev,"[touch]%s: I2C write over retry limit.addr[0x%x]
    ",__func__, addr);
            retval = -EIO;
        }
    
        return retval;
    }
    

    需要自行构建i2c_msg,然后使用i2c_transfer传输数据。

    使用regmap机制进行读写

    但是使用regmap机制,就会变的更为简单。

    使用regmap比较简单:

    1、使用前,只需根据外设属性配置配置regmap信息(总线类型、寄存器位宽、缓存类型、读写属性等参数);

    2、接着注册一个regmap实例;

    3、然后调用抽象访问接口访问寄存器;

    4、不想使用的时候,释放regmap实例即可。

    例如:

    // 1.构建regmap_config结构
    static const struct regmap_config mlx90632_regmap = {
            // 寄存器地址位宽
    	.reg_bits = 16,
            // 寄存器值的位宽,必须填写
    	.val_bits = 16,
            // 可选,判断寄存器是否可写,可读,是否可缓冲等回调
    	.volatile_table = &mlx90632_volatile_regs_tbl,
    	.rd_table = &mlx90632_readable_regs_tbl,
    	.wr_table = &mlx90632_writeable_regs_tbl,
    
    	.use_single_rw = true,
    	.reg_format_endian = REGMAP_ENDIAN_BIG,
    	.val_format_endian = REGMAP_ENDIAN_BIG,
    	.cache_type = REGCACHE_RBTREE,
    };
    
    // 2. 初始化regmap(或者regmap_init_spi)
    struct regmap *map= regmap_init_i2c(client, &mlx90632_regmap);
    
    //3.读写操作
    ret = regmap_read(mlx90632->regmap, MLX90632_EE_VERSION, &read);
    
    //4. 释放regmap
    regmap_exit(&mlx90632_regmap);
    

    读写特性

    regmap的write操作:

    • 先尝试向缓冲cache中write.
    • 如果bypass了,或者volatile,或者cache none情况,调用对应的底层协议进行写操作。

    _regmap_read:

    _regmap_read

    • 先拿到context,在以后的map->reg_read会用到
    • 如果不是bypass的,调用regcache_read从cache中读
    • 如果不能从cache中read到,调用map->reg_read

    regmap_config原型

    在regmap_config,定义了寄存器的各种信息,比如寄存器地址长度,寄存器值的长度,读写寄存器的地址范围的信息,寄存器地址和值的大小端以及缓冲方式。

    // include/linux/regmap.h
    struct regmap_config {
        const char *name; // 可选,寄存器名字
    
        int reg_bits; // 寄存器地址位宽,必须填写
        int reg_stride; // 寄存器操作宽度,比如为1时,所有寄存器可操作,为2时,只有2^n可操作
        int pad_bits;
        int val_bits; // 寄存器值的位宽,必须填写
        // 可选,判断寄存器是否可写,可读,是否可缓冲等回调
        bool (*writeable_reg)(struct device *dev, unsigned int reg);
        bool (*readable_reg)(struct device *dev, unsigned int reg);
        bool (*volatile_reg)(struct device *dev, unsigned int reg);
        bool (*precious_reg)(struct device *dev, unsigned int reg);
        regmap_lock lock;
        regmap_unlock unlock;
        void *lock_arg;
        // 寄存器读写方法,可选
        int (*reg_read)(void *context, unsigned int reg, unsigned int *val);
        int (*reg_write)(void *context, unsigned int reg, unsigned int val);
    
        bool fast_io;
    
        unsigned int max_register;
        const struct regmap_access_table *wr_table; //可选,可写寄存器
        const struct regmap_access_table *rd_table;//可选,可读寄存器
        const struct regmap_access_table *volatile_table;
        const struct regmap_access_table *precious_table;
        const struct reg_default *reg_defaults;
        unsigned int num_reg_defaults;
        enum regcache_type cache_type; // 缓冲方式
        const void *reg_defaults_raw;
        unsigned int num_reg_defaults_raw;
    
        u8 read_flag_mask;
        u8 write_flag_mask;
    
        bool use_single_rw;
        bool can_multi_write;
    
        enum regmap_endian reg_format_endian;
        enum regmap_endian val_format_endian;
    
        const struct regmap_range_cfg *ranges;
        unsigned int num_ranges;
    };
    

    regmap_init_i2c

    当设备驱动配置好config以后,调用对应的regmap_init_xx,例如,这里是regmap_init_i2c

    // drivers/base/regmap/regmap-i2c.c
    
    struct regmap *regmap_init_i2c(struct i2c_client *i2c,
                                   const struct regmap_config *config)
    {
        // regmap_bus 定位了对应总线的读写函数。
        const struct regmap_bus *bus = regmap_get_i2c_bus(i2c, config);
    
        if (IS_ERR(bus))
            return ERR_CAST(bus);
    
        return regmap_init(&i2c->dev, bus, &i2c->dev, config);
    }
    

    注意到2个新的数据结构:

    • struct regmap_bus *bus
    • struct regmap *regmap_init_i2c(..

    regmap_get_i2c_bus

    对于普通I2C设备,regmap_bus为:

    // drivers/base/regmap/regmap-i2c.c
    static const struct regmap_bus *regmap_get_i2c_bus(struct i2c_client *i2c,
                        const struct regmap_config *config)
    {
        if (i2c_check_functionality(i2c->adapter, I2C_FUNC_I2C))
            return &regmap_i2c;
        // ...
    
        return ERR_PTR(-ENOTSUPP);
    }
    
    static struct regmap_bus regmap_i2c = {
        .write = regmap_i2c_write,
        .gather_write = regmap_i2c_gather_write,
        .read = regmap_i2c_read,
        .reg_format_endian_default = REGMAP_ENDIAN_BIG,
        .val_format_endian_default = REGMAP_ENDIAN_BIG,
    };
    

    regmap_bus结构定义了读写函数和默认的寄存器地址和寄存器值的大小端。

    regmap_bus原型

    /**
     * struct regmap_bus - Description of a hardware bus for the register map
     *                     infrastructure.
     *
     * @fast_io: Register IO is fast. Use a spinlock instead of a mutex
     *       to perform locking. This field is ignored if custom lock/unlock
     *       functions are used (see fields lock/unlock of
     *       struct regmap_config).
     * @write: Write operation.
     * @gather_write: Write operation with split register/value, return -ENOTSUPP
     *                if not implemented  on a given device.
     * @async_write: Write operation which completes asynchronously, optional and
     *               must serialise with respect to non-async I/O.
     * @reg_write: Write a single register value to the given register address. This
     *             write operation has to complete when returning from the function.
     * @reg_update_bits: Update bits operation to be used against volatile
     *                   registers, intended for devices supporting some mechanism
     *                   for setting clearing bits without having to
     *                   read/modify/write.
     * @read: Read operation.  Data is returned in the buffer used to transmit
     *         data.
     * @reg_read: Read a single register value from a given register address.
     * @free_context: Free context.
     * @async_alloc: Allocate a regmap_async() structure.
     * @read_flag_mask: Mask to be set in the top byte of the register when doing
     *                  a read.
     * @reg_format_endian_default: Default endianness for formatted register
     *     addresses. Used when the regmap_config specifies DEFAULT. If this is
     *     DEFAULT, BIG is assumed.
     * @val_format_endian_default: Default endianness for formatted register
     *     values. Used when the regmap_config specifies DEFAULT. If this is
     *     DEFAULT, BIG is assumed.
     * @max_raw_read: Max raw read size that can be used on the bus.
     * @max_raw_write: Max raw write size that can be used on the bus.
     */
    struct regmap_bus {
        bool fast_io;
        regmap_hw_write write;
        regmap_hw_gather_write gather_write;
        regmap_hw_async_write async_write;
        regmap_hw_reg_write reg_write;
        regmap_hw_reg_update_bits reg_update_bits;
        regmap_hw_read read;
        regmap_hw_reg_read reg_read;
        regmap_hw_free_context free_context;
        regmap_hw_async_alloc async_alloc;
        u8 read_flag_mask;
        enum regmap_endian reg_format_endian_default;
        enum regmap_endian val_format_endian_default;
        size_t max_raw_read;
        size_t max_raw_write;
    };
    

    regmap_i2c_read

    我们看下i2c对应的regmap_bus.read实现:

    @/kernel/driver/base/rgmap/regmap-i2c.c
    static int regmap_i2c_read(void *context,
                   const void *reg, size_t reg_size,
                   void *val, size_t val_size)
    {
        struct device *dev = context;
        struct i2c_client *i2c = to_i2c_client(dev);
        struct i2c_msg xfer[2];
        int ret;
    
        xfer[0].addr = i2c->addr;
        xfer[0].flags = 0;
        xfer[0].len = reg_size;
        xfer[0].buf = (void *)reg;
    
        xfer[1].addr = i2c->addr;
        xfer[1].flags = I2C_M_RD;
        xfer[1].len = val_size;
        xfer[1].buf = val;
    
        ret = i2c_transfer(i2c->adapter, xfer, 2);
        if (ret == 2)
            return 0;
        else if (ret < 0)
            return ret;
        else
            return -EIO;
    }
    

    可以看到其实就是构造i2c_msg,选择操作寄存器地址然后读寄存器值。这正是regmap要做的事情,抽离出总线读写操作到regmap中,避免驱动去重复实现。

    等到设备驱动调用regmap_read以后,最终会调用到regmap_i2c_read,这样子就会执行i2c驱动典型的驱动流程。

    regmap_init

    当在regmap_get_i2c_bus获取到对应的bus以后,就可以进行regmap的初始化了。

    regmap_init主要是把config和描述i2c设备的bus设置到regmap中

    struct regmap *regmap_init(struct device *dev,
                   const struct regmap_bus *bus,
                   void *bus_context,
                   const struct regmap_config *config)
    {
        struct regmap *map;
        int ret = -EINVAL;
        enum regmap_endian reg_endian, val_endian;
    
        map = kzalloc(sizeof(*map), GFP_KERNEL);
        // 将regmap_config定义的参数赋值到regmap中
        map->format.reg_bytes = DIV_ROUND_UP(config->reg_bits, 8);
        map->format.pad_bytes = config->pad_bits / 8;
        map->format.val_bytes = DIV_ROUND_UP(config->val_bits, 8);
        map->format.buf_size = DIV_ROUND_UP(config->reg_bits +
                config->val_bits + config->pad_bits, 8);
        map->reg_shift = config->pad_bits % 8;
        if (config->reg_stride)
            map->reg_stride = config->reg_stride;
        else
            map->reg_stride = 1;
        map->use_single_rw = config->use_single_rw;
        map->can_multi_write = config->can_multi_write;
        map->dev = dev;
        map->bus = bus;
        map->bus_context = bus_context;
        map->max_register = config->max_register;
        map->wr_table = config->wr_table;
        map->rd_table = config->rd_table;
        map->volatile_table = config->volatile_table;
        map->precious_table = config->precious_table;
        map->writeable_reg = config->writeable_reg;
        map->readable_reg = config->readable_reg;
        map->volatile_reg = config->volatile_reg;
        map->precious_reg = config->precious_reg;
        map->cache_type = config->cache_type;
        map->name = config->name;
    
        /* regmap中有reg_read操作方法,通过bus是否为空赋值 */
        if (!bus) {
            // 对于该驱动,此处只会走这里 
            map->reg_read  = config->reg_read;
            map->reg_write = config->reg_write;
    
            map->defer_caching = false;
            goto skip_format_initialization;
        } else if (!bus->read || !bus->write) {
            map->reg_read = _regmap_bus_reg_read;
            map->reg_write = _regmap_bus_reg_write;
    
            map->defer_caching = false;
            goto skip_format_initialization;
        } else {
            map->reg_read  = _regmap_bus_read;
        }
        // 设置地址和寄存器值的大小端
        reg_endian = regmap_get_reg_endian(bus, config);
        val_endian = regmap_get_val_endian(dev, bus, config);
        // 根据寄存器地址位宽和大小端解析寄存器地址
        switch (config->reg_bits + map->reg_shift) {
            case 32:
            switch (reg_endian) {
            case REGMAP_ENDIAN_BIG:
                map->format.format_reg = regmap_format_32_be;
                break;
            case REGMAP_ENDIAN_NATIVE:
                map->format.format_reg = regmap_format_32_native;
                break;
            default:
                goto err_map;
            }
            break;
        }
        // 根据寄存器值位宽和大小端解析寄存器值
        switch (config->val_bits) {
            case 16:
            switch (val_endian) {
            case REGMAP_ENDIAN_BIG:
                map->format.format_val = regmap_format_16_be;
                map->format.parse_val = regmap_parse_16_be;
                map->format.parse_inplace = regmap_parse_16_be_inplace;
                break;
            case REGMAP_ENDIAN_LITTLE:
                map->format.format_val = regmap_format_16_le;
                map->format.parse_val = regmap_parse_16_le;
                map->format.parse_inplace = regmap_parse_16_le_inplace;
                break;
            case REGMAP_ENDIAN_NATIVE:
                map->format.format_val = regmap_format_16_native;
                map->format.parse_val = regmap_parse_16_native;
                break;
            default:
                goto err_map;
            }
            break;
        }
    
        /* 对于val_bits = 16,reg_bits=16,regmap写函数选择_regmap_bus_raw_write */
        if (map->format.format_write) {
            map->defer_caching = false;
            map->reg_write = _regmap_bus_formatted_write;
        } else if (map->format.format_val) {
            map->defer_caching = true;
            map->reg_write = _regmap_bus_raw_write;
        }
        // 缓存初始化
        ret = regcache_init(map, config);
    }
    

    regmap_init()函数初始化了regmap,regmap中函数bus指针和config寄存器参数,已经足够用来操作I2C的寄存器了。

    同时,也设置了regmap.reg_read_regmap_bus_read

    regmap原型

    struct regmap {
        union {
            struct mutex mutex;
            struct {
                spinlock_t spinlock;
                unsigned long spinlock_flags;
            };
        };
        regmap_lock lock;
        regmap_unlock unlock;
        void *lock_arg; /* This is passed to lock/unlock functions */
        gfp_t alloc_flags;
    
        struct device *dev; /* Device we do I/O on */
        void *work_buf;     /* Scratch buffer used to format I/O */
        struct regmap_format format;  /* Buffer format */
        const struct regmap_bus *bus;
        void *bus_context;
        const char *name;
    
        bool async;
        spinlock_t async_lock;
        wait_queue_head_t async_waitq;
        struct list_head async_list;
        struct list_head async_free;
        int async_ret;
    
        unsigned int max_register;
        bool (*writeable_reg)(struct device *dev, unsigned int reg);
        bool (*readable_reg)(struct device *dev, unsigned int reg);
        bool (*volatile_reg)(struct device *dev, unsigned int reg);
        bool (*precious_reg)(struct device *dev, unsigned int reg);
        const struct regmap_access_table *wr_table;
        const struct regmap_access_table *rd_table;
        const struct regmap_access_table *volatile_table;
        const struct regmap_access_table *precious_table;
    
        int (*reg_read)(void *context, unsigned int reg, unsigned int *val);
        int (*reg_write)(void *context, unsigned int reg, unsigned int val);
        int (*reg_update_bits)(void *context, unsigned int reg,
                       unsigned int mask, unsigned int val);
    
        bool defer_caching;
    
        unsigned long read_flag_mask;
        unsigned long write_flag_mask;
    
        /* number of bits to (left) shift the reg value when formatting*/
        int reg_shift;
        int reg_stride;
        int reg_stride_order;
    
        /* regcache specific members */
        const struct regcache_ops *cache_ops;
        enum regcache_type cache_type;
    
        /* number of bytes in reg_defaults_raw */
        unsigned int cache_size_raw;
        /* number of bytes per word in reg_defaults_raw */
        unsigned int cache_word_size;
        /* number of entries in reg_defaults */
        unsigned int num_reg_defaults;
        /* number of entries in reg_defaults_raw */
        unsigned int num_reg_defaults_raw;
    
        /* if set, only the cache is modified not the HW */
        bool cache_only;
        /* if set, only the HW is modified not the cache */
        bool cache_bypass;
        /* if set, remember to free reg_defaults_raw */
        bool cache_free;
    
        struct reg_default *reg_defaults;
        const void *reg_defaults_raw;
        void *cache;
        /* if set, the cache contains newer data than the HW */
        bool cache_dirty;
        /* if set, the HW registers are known to match map->reg_defaults */
        bool no_sync_defaults;
    
        struct reg_sequence *patch;
        int patch_regs;
    
        /* if set, converts bulk read to single read */
        bool use_single_read;
        /* if set, converts bulk read to single read */
        bool use_single_write;
        /* if set, the device supports multi write mode */
        bool can_multi_write;
    
        /* if set, raw reads/writes are limited to this size */
        size_t max_raw_read;
        size_t max_raw_write;
    
        struct rb_root range_tree;
        void *selector_work_buf;    /* Scratch buffer used for selector */
    };
    

    _regmap_bus_read

    reg_read回调函数是我们在读数据要使用的方法,

    刚刚已经说了,map->reg_read = _regmap_bus_read;

    我们需要看其实现:

    // drivers/base/regmap/regmap.c
    
    static int _regmap_bus_read(void *context, unsigned int reg,
                    unsigned int *val)
    {
        int ret;
        struct regmap *map = context;
    
        if (!map->format.parse_val)
            return -EINVAL;
        // 读出寄存器数据
        ret = _regmap_raw_read(map, reg, map->work_buf, map->format.val_bytes);
        if (ret == 0) // 根据寄存器位值宽和大小端得到寄存器值
            *val = map->format.parse_val(map->work_buf);
    
        return ret;
    }
    

    _regmap_raw_read

    继续看:

    static int _regmap_raw_read(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg, void *val,
                    unsigned int val_len)
    {
        struct regmap_range_node *range;
        int ret;
    
        WARN_ON(!map->bus);
    
        if (!map->bus || !map->bus->read)
            return -EINVAL;
        // 从范围中找到某一页(但在这里没有用到)。
        range = _regmap_range_lookup(map, reg);
        if (range) {
            ret = _regmap_select_page(map, &reg, range,
                          val_len / map->format.val_bytes);
            if (ret != 0)
                return ret;
        }
    
        map->format.format_reg(map->work_buf, reg, map->reg_shift);
        regmap_set_work_buf_flag_mask(map, map->format.reg_bytes,
                          map->read_flag_mask);
        trace_regmap_hw_read_start(map, reg, val_len / map->format.val_bytes);
        // 使用bus定义的read函数指针读数据,这样子就会调用到`regmap_i2c_read`
        ret = map->bus->read(map->bus_context, map->work_buf,
                     map->format.reg_bytes + map->format.pad_bytes,
                     val, val_len);
    
        trace_regmap_hw_read_done(map, reg, val_len / map->format.val_bytes);
    
        return ret;
    }
    
    查找range(不理解)

    这个部分的代码好像是不会执行的。

    // drivers/base/regmap/internal.h
    struct regmap_range_node {
        struct rb_node node;
        const char *name;
        struct regmap *map;
    
        unsigned int range_min;
        unsigned int range_max;
    
        unsigned int selector_reg;
        unsigned int selector_mask;
        int selector_shift;
        // range_min、range_max是当前reg范围的开始与结束地址,window_len是”窗”的长度.
        unsigned int window_start;
        unsigned int window_len;
    };
    
    // drivers/base/regmap/regmap.c
    static struct regmap_range_node *_regmap_range_lookup(struct regmap *map,
                                  unsigned int reg)
    {
        struct rb_node *node = map->range_tree.rb_node;
        // reg是当前寄存器的index
        // range_min、range_max是当前reg范围的开始与结束地址
        while (node) {
            struct regmap_range_node *this =
                rb_entry(node, struct regmap_range_node, node);
            // 找到 落在 min 与 max 这个范围中的 reg
            if (reg < this->range_min)
                node = node->rb_left;
            else if (reg > this->range_max)
                node = node->rb_right;
            else
                return this;
        }
    
        return NULL;
    }
    
    static int _regmap_select_page(struct regmap *map, unsigned int *reg,
                       struct regmap_range_node *range,
                       unsigned int val_num)
    {
        void *orig_work_buf;
        unsigned int win_offset;
        unsigned int win_page;
        bool page_chg;
        int ret;
    
        // 计算偏移
        win_offset = (*reg - range->range_min) % range->window_len;
        win_page = (*reg - range->range_min) / range->window_len;
    
        if (val_num > 1) {
            /* Bulk write shouldn't cross range boundary */
            if (*reg + val_num - 1 > range->range_max)
                return -EINVAL;
    
            /* ... or single page boundary */
            if (val_num > range->window_len - win_offset)
                return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        /* It is possible to have selector register inside data window.
           In that case, selector register is located on every page and
           it needs no page switching, when accessed alone. */
        /* 如果目标寄存器跨越1个寄存器(超过4个字节了)
            调用_regmap_update_bits来拿到新的数据
                _regmap_update_bits调用_regmap_read
                先从i2c中目标寄存器中读出值orig,
                然后把该值orig掩码掉mask,然后或上val,
                将得到的结果调用_regmap_write写入到目标寄存器
        */
        if (val_num > 1 ||
            range->window_start + win_offset != range->selector_reg) {
            /* Use separate work_buf during page switching */
            orig_work_buf = map->work_buf;
            map->work_buf = map->selector_work_buf;
    
            ret = _regmap_update_bits(map, range->selector_reg,
                          range->selector_mask,
                          win_page << range->selector_shift,
                          &page_chg, false);
    
            map->work_buf = orig_work_buf;
    
            if (ret != 0)
                return ret;
        }
    
        *reg = range->window_start + win_offset;
    
        return 0;
    }
    

    regmap_read

    regmap_read函数用来读取寄存器值,实现如下:

    int regmap_read(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg, unsigned int *val)
    {
        int ret;
        // 通过寄存器操作宽度判断寄存器操作是否合法
        if (reg % map->reg_stride)
            return -EINVAL;
    
        map->lock(map->lock_arg);
    
        ret = _regmap_read(map, reg, val);
    
        map->unlock(map->lock_arg);
    
        return ret;
    }
    
    static int _regmap_read(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,
                            unsigned int *val)
    {
        // 1.直接从缓存取值
        if (!map->cache_bypass) {
            ret = regcache_read(map, reg, val);
            if (ret == 0)
                return 0;
        }
        // 2.最终调用bus定义的read读寄存器数据
        ret = map->reg_read(context, reg, val);
        // 3.将寄存器结果写入缓存
        if (!map->cache_bypass)
            regcache_write(map, reg, *val);
    
        return ret;
    }
    

    regmap_read函数最后调用bus的read函数,同理,regmap_write函数最终也会调用bus的write函数。

    regmap机制中的缓存

    关于缓冲,需要解释的是,在regmap中加入了一层缓存,减少IO操作次数,提供硬件操作效率;

    /* An enum of all the supported cache types */
    enum regcache_type {
    	REGCACHE_NONE,
    	REGCACHE_RBTREE,//红黑树类型
    	REGCACHE_COMPRESSED,//压缩类型
    	REGCACHE_FLAT,//普通数据类型
    };
    

    在Linux 4.0 版本中,已经有 3 种缓存类型,分别是数据(flat)、LZO 压缩和红黑树(rbtree)。

    • 数据好理解,是最简单的缓存类型,当设备寄存器很少时,可以用这种类型来缓存寄存器值。
    • LZO(Lempel–Ziv–Oberhumer) 是 Linux 中经常用到的一种压缩算法,Linux 编译后就会用这个算法来压缩。这个算法有 3 个特性:压缩快,解压不需要额外内存,压缩比可以自动调节。在这里,你可以理解为一个数组缓存,套了一层压缩,来节约内存。当设备寄存器数量中等时,可以考虑这种缓存类型。
    • 而最后一类红黑树,它的特性就是索引快,所以当设备寄存器数量比较大,或者对寄存器操作延时要求低时,就可以用这种缓存类型。

    缓存的类型是在 regmap 初始化时,由配置regmap_configcache_type 来指定的。

    对于 regmap_read 来说,会先判断当前缓存是否有值,然后再检查是否需要 bypass,若没有,则可以直接从缓存里面取值,调用regcache_read来获取值,若需要从硬件上读取,则调用具体协议的读写函数,若是 I2C,调用i2c_transfer。

    写的过程也是大同小异。

    到此,在驱动程序中regmap的基本使用方法和调用简析就结束了。

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    若在页首无特别声明,本篇文章由 Schips 经过整理后发布。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/schips/p/linix_regmap.html
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