Android系统启动：1-综述

Android系统启动：综述

原文：http://gityuan.com/2016/02/01/android-booting/

基于Android 6.0的源码剖析， Android启动过程概述

概述

Android系统底层基于Linux Kernel，熟悉Linux内核的人都知道，当Kernel启动过程会创建init进程, 该进程是所有用户空间的鼻祖。

init进程会启动service manager(binder服务管家)、Zygote进程(Java进程的鼻祖)。

Zygote进程会创建 system_server进程以及各种app进程，下图是这几个系统重量级进程之间的层级关系。

init

init是Linux系统中用户空间的第一个进程(pid=1)，Kerner启动后会调用system/core/init/init.cpp的main()方法。

Init.main

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    
    //...
    
    klog_init();  //初始化kernel log
    
    property_init(); //创建一块共享的内存空间，用于属性服务
    
    signal_handler_init();  //初始化子进程退出的信号处理过程

    property_load_boot_defaults(); //加载/default.prop文件
    start_property_service();   //启动属性服务器(通过socket通信)
    
    init_parse_config_file("/init.rc"); //解析init.rc文件

    //执行rc文件中触发器为 on early-init的语句
    action_for_each_trigger("early-init", action_add_queue_tail);
    //执行rc文件中触发器为 on init的语句
    action_for_each_trigger("init", action_add_queue_tail);
    //执行rc文件中触发器为 on late-init的语句
    action_for_each_trigger("late-init", action_add_queue_tail);

    while (true) {
        if (!waiting_for_exec) {
            execute_one_command();
            restart_processes();
        }
        int timeout = -1;
        if (process_needs_restart) {
            timeout = (process_needs_restart - gettime()) * 1000;
            if (timeout < 0)
                timeout = 0;
        }
        if (!action_queue_empty() || cur_action) {
            timeout = 0;
        }

        epoll_event ev;
        //循环 等待事件发生
        int nr = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(epoll_wait(epoll_fd, &ev, 1, timeout));
        if (nr == -1) {
            ERROR("epoll_wait failed: %s
", strerror(errno));
        } else if (nr == 1) {
            ((void (*)()) ev.data.ptr)();
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

init进程的主要功能：

• 分析和运行所有的init.rc文件；
• 生成设备驱动节点； （通过rc文件创建）
• 处理子进程的终止(以signal方式)；
• 提供属性服务property service。

自动重启Zygote机制

当init解析到下面这条语句,便会启动Zygote进程。

service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
    class main                             //伴随着main class的启动而启动
    socket zygote stream 660 root system   //创建socket
    onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
    onrestart write /sys/power/state on
    onrestart restart media              //当zygote重启时,则会重启media
    onrestart restart netd               // 当zygote重启时,则会重启netd

当init子进程(Zygote)退出时，会产生SIGCHLD信号，并发送给init进程，通过socket套接字传递数据，调用到wait_for_one_process()方法。

根据是否是oneshot，来决定是重启子进程，还是放弃启动。

由于默认oneshot=false，因此Zygote一旦被杀便会再次由init进程拉起。

接下来,便是进入了Zygote进程。

Zygote

当Zygote进程启动后, 便会执行到frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/App_main.cpp文件的main()方法。

整个调用流程:

App_main.main
    AndroidRuntime.start
        AndroidRuntime.startVm
        AndroidRuntime.startReg
        ZygoteInit.main (首次进入Java世界)
            registerZygoteSocket
            preload
            startSystemServer
            runSelectLoop

App_main.main

int main(int argc, char* const argv[])
{
    AppRuntime runtime(argv[0], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv));
    while (i < argc) {
        //...  //参数解析
    }

    //设置进程名
    if (!niceName.isEmpty()) {
        runtime.setArgv0(niceName.string());
        set_process_name(niceName.string());
    }

    if (zygote) {
        // 启动AppRuntime，见小节[3.2]
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);
    } else if (className) {
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit", args, zygote);
    }
}

在app_process进程启动过程，有两个分支：

• 当zygote为true时，则执行ZygoteInit.main()
• 当zygote为false时，则执行RuntimeInit.main()

AndroidRuntime::start

路径：frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp

void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options)
{
    //...
    // 虚拟机创建
    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) {
        return;
    }
    onVmCreated(env);

    // JNI方法注册
    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
        return;
    }
    //...
    // 调用ZygoteInit.main()方法[见小节3.3]
    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);

ZygoteInit.main

路径：frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java

public static void main(String argv[]) {
    try {
        //...
        registerZygoteSocket(socketName); //为Zygote注册socket
        preload(); // 预加载类和资源[见小节3.4]
        //...
        if (startSystemServer) {
            startSystemServer(abiList, socketName);//启动system_server[见小节3.5]
        }
        Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections");
        runSelectLoop(abiList); //进入循环模式[见小节3.6]
        //...
    } catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
        caller.run(); //启动system_server中会讲到。
    }
    //...
}

preload

static void preload() {
    Log.d(TAG, "begin preload");
    preloadClasses();
    preloadResources();
    preloadOpenGL();
    preloadSharedLibraries();
    WebViewFactory.prepareWebViewInZygote();
    Log.d(TAG, "end preload");
}

startSystemServer

private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName)
        throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
    //...

    // fork子进程system_server
    pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
            parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
            parsedArgs.gids,
            parsedArgs.debugFlags,
            null,
            parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
            parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
    //...

    if (pid == 0) {
        if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
            waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
        }
        //进入system_server进程[见小节4.1]
        handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
    }
    return true;
}

runSelectLoop

private static void runSelectLoop(String abiList) throws MethodAndArgsCaller {
    ArrayList<FileDescriptor> fds = new ArrayList<FileDescriptor>();
    ArrayList<ZygoteConnection> peers = new ArrayList<ZygoteConnection>();

    //sServerSocket是socket通信中的服务端，即zygote进程
    fds.add(sServerSocket.getFileDescriptor());
    peers.add(null);

    while (true) {
        StructPollfd[] pollFds = new StructPollfd[fds.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < pollFds.length; ++i) {
            pollFds[i] = new StructPollfd();
            pollFds[i].fd = fds.get(i);
            pollFds[i].events = (short) POLLIN;
        }
        //...
        Os.poll(pollFds, -1);

        for (int i = pollFds.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
            //采用I/O多路复用机制，当客户端发出 连接请求或者数据处理请求时，则执行continue
            if ((pollFds[i].revents & POLLIN) == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            if (i == 0) {
                //创建客户端连接
                ZygoteConnection newPeer = acceptCommandPeer(abiList);
                peers.add(newPeer);
                fds.add(newPeer.getFileDesciptor());
            } else {
                //处理客户端数据事务
                boolean done = peers.get(i).runOnce();
                if (done) {
                    peers.remove(i);
                    fds.remove(i);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Zygote进程创建Java虚拟机，并注册JNI方法， 真正成为Java进程的母体，用于孵化Java进程。

在创建完system_server进程后，zygote功成身退，调用runSelectLoop()，随时待命，当接收到请求创建新进程请求时立即唤醒并执行相应工作。

system_server

Zygote通过fork后创建system_server进程，在小节[3.5]执行完startSystemServer()方法后，进入到了handleSystemServerProcess()方法，如下所示。

ZygoteInit.main (首次进入Java世界)
	startSystemServer
		handleSystemServerProcess

handleSystemServerProcess

路径：frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java

private static void handleSystemServerProcess(
        ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs)
        throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
    //...
    if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) {
         //设置当前进程名为"system_server"
        Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName);
    }

    final String systemServerClasspath = Os.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH");
    if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
        //执行dex优化操作,比如services.jar
        performSystemServerDexOpt(systemServerClasspath);
    }

    if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
        //...
    } else {
        ClassLoader cl = null;
        if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
            // 创建PathClassLoader类加载器。（重要）
            cl = new PathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
            Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
        }
        //[见小节4.2]
        RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
    }
}

RuntimeInit.zygoteInit

路径：frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java

public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
        throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {

    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "RuntimeInit");
    redirectLogStreams(); //重定向log输出

    commonInit(); // 通用的一些初始化
    nativeZygoteInit(); // zygote初始化，经过层层调用，会进入`app_main.cpp`中的onZygoteInit()方法
    applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader); // [见小节3.4]
}

Binder线程池启动

nativeZygoteInit()方法经过层层调用，会进入app_main.cpp中的onZygoteInit()方法，Binder线程池的创建也是在这个过程,如下：

virtual void onZygoteInit()
{
    sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
    proc->startThreadPool(); //启动新binder线程池
}

捕获特殊异常

applicationInit()方法经过层层调用,会抛出异常ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv), 具体过程如下：

protected static Runnable applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv,
        ClassLoader classLoader) {
    //...
    VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.75f);
    VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion);
    final Arguments args = new Arguments(argv);
    //找到目标类的静态main()方法
    invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
}

private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
            throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
    //此处的className等于SystemServer
    Class<?> cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
    Method  m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
    //抛出异常Runnable对象
    throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}

设置虚拟机的堆利用率0.75和置TargetSdk版本；并抛出异常，然后由ZygoteInit.main()捕获该异常，如下。

ZygoteInit.main

public static void main(String argv[]) {
    try {
        startSystemServer(abiList, socketName); //抛出MethodAndArgsCaller异常
        //....
    } catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
        caller.run(); //此处通过反射,会调用SystemServer.main()方法 [见小节4.4]
    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
        //...
    }
}

static class MethodAndArgsCaller implements Runnable {
    private final Method mMethod;
    private final String[] mArgs;

    public MethodAndArgsCaller(Method method, String[] args) {
        mMethod = method;
        mArgs = args;
    }

    public void run() {
        //执行SystemServer.main()
        mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });
    }
}

采用抛出异常的方式,用于栈帧清空，提供利用率， 以至于现在大家看到的每个Java进程的调用栈如下:

    //...
    at com.android.server.SystemServer.main(SystemServer.java:175)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke!(Native method)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:738)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:628)

SystemServer.main

[–>SystemServer.java]

public final class SystemServer {
    //...
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //先初始化SystemServer对象，再调用对象的run()方法
        new SystemServer().run();
    }
}

SystemServer.run

[–>SystemServer.java]

private void run() {
    if (System.currentTimeMillis() < EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME) {
        Slog.w(TAG, "System clock is before 1970; setting to 1970.");
        SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME);
    }
    //...

    Slog.i(TAG, "Entered the Android system server!");
    EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_SYSTEM_RUN, SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
    Looper.prepareMainLooper();// 准备主线程looper

    //加载android_servers.so库，该库包含的源码在frameworks/base/services/目录下
    System.loadLibrary("android_servers");

    //检测上次关机过程是否失败，该方法可能不会返回
    performPendingShutdown();
    createSystemContext(); //初始化系统上下文

    //创建系统服务管理
    mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
    LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);

    //启动各种系统服务
    try {
        startBootstrapServices(); // 启动引导服务
        startCoreServices();      // 启动核心服务
        startOtherServices();     // 启动其他服务[见小节4.6]
    } catch (Throwable ex) {
        Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
        throw ex;
    }

    //一直循环执行
    Looper.loop();
    throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}

服务启动

public final class SystemServer {
    private void startBootstrapServices() {
      //...
      //phase100
      mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
      //...
    }

    private void startOtherServices() {
        //...
        //phase480 和phase500
        mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_LOCK_SETTINGS_READY);
        mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_SYSTEM_SERVICES_READY);
        //...
        //[见小节4.7]
        mActivityManagerService.systemReady(new Runnable() {
           @Override
           public void run() {
               //phase550
               mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(
                       SystemService.PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY);
               //...
               //phase600
               mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(
                       SystemService.PHASE_THIRD_PARTY_APPS_CAN_START);
            }
        }
    }
}

start: 创建AMS, PMS, LightsService, DMS.

phase100: 进入Phase100, 创建PKMS, WMS, IMS, DBMS, LockSettingsService, JobSchedulerService, MmsService等服务;

phase480 && 500: 进入Phase480, 调用WMS, PMS, PKMS, DisplayManagerService这4个服务的systemReady();

Phase550: 进入phase550, 执行AMS.systemReady(), 启动SystemUI, WebViewFactory, Watchdog.

Phase600: 进入phase600, 执行AMS.systemReady(), 执行各种服务的systemRunning().

Phase1000: 进入1000, 执行finishBooting, 启动启动on-hold进程.

AMS.systemReady

public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
    implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {

    public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback) {
        //... //update相关
        mSystemReady = true;

        //杀掉所有非persistent进程
        removeProcessLocked(proc, true, false, "system update done");
        mProcessesReady = true;

        goingCallback.run();  //[见小节1.6.2]

        addAppLocked(info, false, null); //启动所有的persistent进程
        mBooting = true;

        //启动home
        startHomeActivityLocked(mCurrentUserId, "systemReady");
        //恢复栈顶的Activity
        mStackSupervisor.resumeTopActivitiesLocked();
    }
}

System_server主线程的启动工作,总算完成, 进入Looper.loop()状态,等待其他线程通过handler发送消息再处理.

app

对于普通的app进程，跟system_server进程的启动过来有些类似。不同的是app进程是向发消息给system_server进程，由system_server向zygote发出创建进程的请求。

理解Android进程创建流程, 可知：进程创建后，接下来会进入ActivityThread.main()过程。

ActivityThread.main

public static void main(String[] args) {
    //...
    Environment.initForCurrentUser();
    //...
    Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");
    //创建主线程looper
    Looper.prepareMainLooper();

    ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
    thread.attach(false); //attach到系统进程

    if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
        sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
    }

    //主线程进入循环状态
    Looper.loop();
    throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}

调用栈对比

App进程的主线程调用栈的栈底如下:

    //...
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5442)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke!(Native method)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:738)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:628)

跟前面介绍的system_server进程调用栈对比:

    at com.android.server.SystemServer.main(SystemServer.java:175)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke!(Native method)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:738)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:628)

启动日志分析

以下列举启动部分重要进程以及关键节点会打印出的log

/system/bin/vold: 383
/system/bin/lmkd: 432
/system/bin/surfaceflinger: 434
/system/bin/debuggerd64: 537
/system/bin/mediaserver: 540
/system/bin/installd: 541
/system/vendor/bin/thermal-engine: 552

zygote64: 557
zygote: 558
system_server: 1274

before zygote日志

//启动vold, 再列举当前系统所支持的文件系统.  执行到system/vold/main.cpp的main()
11-23 14:36:47.474   383   383 I vold    : Vold 3.0 (the awakening) firing up  
11-23 14:36:47.475   383   383 V vold    : Detected support for: ext4 vfat   
//使用内核的lmk策略
11-23 14:36:47.927   432   432 I lowmemorykiller: Using in-kernel low memory killer interface
//启动SurfaceFlinger
11-23 14:36:48.041   434   434 I SurfaceFlinger: SurfaceFlinger is starting
11-23 14:36:48.042   434   434 I SurfaceFlinger: SurfaceFlinger's main thread ready to run. Initializing graphics H/W//...
// 开机动画
11-23 14:36:48.583   508   508 I BootAnimation: bootanimation launching //...
// debuggerd
11-23 14:36:50.306   537   537 I         : debuggerd: starting
// installd启动
11-23 14:36:50.311   541   541 I installd: installd firing up
// thermal守护进程
11-23 14:36:50.369   552   552 I ThermalEngine: Thermal daemon started

zygote日志

// Zygote64进程(Zygote):  AndroidRuntime::start
11-23 14:36:51.260   557   557 D AndroidRuntime: >>>>>> START com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit uid 0 <<<<<<
// Zygote64进程:  AndroidRuntime::startVm
11-23 14:36:51.304   557   557 D AndroidRuntime: CheckJNI is OFF

// 执行ZygoteInit.preload()
11-23 14:36:52.134   557   557 D Zygote  : begin preload
// 执行ZygoteInit.preloadClasses(), 预加载3860个classes, 花费时长746ms
11-23 14:36:52.134   557   557 I Zygote  : Preloading classes//...
11-23 14:36:52.881   557   557 I Zygote  : //...preloaded 3860 classes in 746ms.

// 执行ZygoteInit.preloadClasses(), 预加载86组资源, 花费时长179ms
11-23 14:36:53.114   557   557 I Zygote  : Preloading resources//...
11-23 14:36:53.293   557   557 I Zygote  : //...preloaded 86 resources in 179ms.

// 执行ZygoteInit.preloadSharedLibraries()
11-23 14:36:53.494   557   557 I Zygote  : Preloading shared libraries//...
11-23 14:36:53.503   557   557 D Zygote  : end preload

// 执行com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer(),成功fork出system_server进程
11-23 14:36:53.544   557   557 I Zygote  : System server process 1274 has been created
// Zygote开始进入runSelectLoop()
11-23 14:36:53.546   557   557 I Zygote  : Accepting command socket connections

system_server日志

//进入system_server, 建立跟Zygote进程的socket通道
11-23 14:36:53.586  1274  1274 I Zygote  : Process: zygote socket opened, supported ABIS: armeabi-v7a,armeabi
// 执行SystemServer.run()
11-23 14:36:53.618  1274  1274 I SystemServer: Entered the Android system server!   <===> boot_progress_system_run
// 等待installd准备就绪
11-23 14:36:53.707  1274  1274 I Installer: Waiting for installd to be ready.

//服务启动
11-23 14:36:53.732  1274  1274 I ActivityManager: Memory class: 192

//phase100
11-23 14:36:53.883  1274  1274 I SystemServiceManager: Starting phase 100
11-23 14:36:53.902  1274  1274 I SystemServer: Package Manager
11-23 14:37:03.816  1274  1274 I SystemServer: User Service
//...
11-23 14:37:03.940  1274  1274 I SystemServer: Init Watchdog
11-23 14:37:03.941  1274  1274 I SystemServer: Input Manager
11-23 14:37:03.946  1274  1274 I SystemServer: Window Manager
//...
11-23 14:37:04.081  1274  1274 I SystemServiceManager: Starting com.android.server.MountService$Lifecycle
11-23 14:37:04.088  1274  2717 D MountService: Thinking about reset, mSystemReady=false, mDaemonConnected=true
11-23 14:37:04.088  1274  1274 I SystemServiceManager: Starting com.android.server.UiModeManagerService
11-23 14:37:04.520  1274  1274 I SystemServer: NetworkTimeUpdateService

//phase480 && 500
11-23 14:37:05.056  1274  1274 I SystemServiceManager: Starting phase 480
11-23 14:37:05.061  1274  1274 I SystemServiceManager: Starting phase 500
11-23 14:37:05.231  1274  1274 I ActivityManager: System now ready  <==> boot_progress_ams_ready
11-23 14:37:05.234  1274  1274 I SystemServer: Making services ready
11-23 14:37:05.243  1274  1274 I SystemServer: WebViewFactory preparation

//phase550
11-23 14:37:05.234  1274  1274 I SystemServiceManager: Starting phase 550
11-23 14:37:05.237  1274  1288 I ActivityManager: Force stopping com.android.providers.media appid=10010 user=-1: vold reset

//Phase600
11-23 14:37:06.066  1274  1274 I SystemServiceManager: Starting phase 600
11-23 14:37:06.236  1274  1274 D MountService: onStartUser 0

logcat小技巧

通过adb bugreport抓取log信息.先看zygote是否起来, 再看system_server主线程的运行情况,再看ActivityManager情况

adb logcat -s Zygote
adb logcat -s SystemServer
adb logcat -s SystemServiceManager
adb logcat | grep "1359  1359" //system_server情况
adb logcat -s ActivityManager

现场调试命令

1. cat proc/[pid]/stack ==> 查看kernel调用栈
2. debuggerd -b [pid] ==> 也不可以不带参数-b, 则直接输出到/data/tombstones/目录
3. kill -3 [pid] ==> 生成/data/anr/traces.txt文件
4. lsof [pid] ==> 查看进程所打开的文件

总结

各大核心进程启动后，都会进入各种对象所相应的main()方法，如下

进程main方法

进程	主方法
init进程	Init.main()
zygote进程	ZygoteInit.main()
app_process进程	RuntimeInit.main()
system_server进程	SystemServer.main()
app进程	ActivityThread.main()

注意app_process进程是指通过/system/bin/app_process启动的进程，且后面跟的参数不带–zygote，即并非启动zygote进程。 比如常见的有通过adb shell方式来执行am,pm等命令，便是这种方式。

重启相关进程

关于重要进程重启的过程，会触发哪些关联进程重启名单：

• zygote：触发media、netd以及子进程(包括system_server进程)重启；
• system_server: 触发zygote重启;
• surfaceflinger：触发zygote重启;
• servicemanager: 触发zygote、healthd、media、surfaceflinger、drm重启

所以，surfaceflinger,servicemanager,zygote自身以及system_server进程被杀都会触发Zygote重启