Linux 安装 go 以及 arm linux 移植 go

背景

Go是一门全新的静态类型开发语言，具有自动垃圾回收，丰富的内置类型,函数多返回值，错误处理，匿名函数,并发编程，反射等特性。

从Go1.4之后Go语言的编译器完全由Go语言编写，所以为了从源代码编译Go需要先编译一个1.4版本的Go版本。

所以，搭建go语言开发环境（版本＞1.4）只需要：
1）编译go1.4版本，设置好GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP
2）然后再执行脚本编译安装GO1.4以上版本(任何支持的平台都可以)

注意，go的安装/移植 比较奇怪，它是以 源码包当前的路径作为根目录的，相当于prefix =PWD

有关资料: 【英文文档】 Installing Go from source Go语言官方编译指南 2019.02.27

开发环境介绍

• 主机操作系统：Ubuntu18.04 64位
• 目标平台：S5P6818(ARM-A53)
• 交叉工具链：arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc，gcc7.3.0
• Go版本：1.12 (https://github.com/golang/go/releases)
• 编译时间：2019.03.03

准备Go Bootstrap

编译3个版本

#/** @file         make_go.sh
# *  @author       Schips
# *  @date         2020/09/15
# *  @version      v1.1
# *  @copyright    Copyright By Schips, All Rights Reserved
# *
# **********************************************************************************
# */
#!/bin/sh
BUILD_HOST=arm-eabi
BASE=`pwd`

ARM_GO_DIR=${BASE}/source/_arm_go
HIG_GO_DIR=${BASE}/source/_go_higher
BOOTSTRAP_DIR=${BASE}/source/_go_boot_strap

GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=${BOOTSTRAP_DIR}/go

test_env() {
    CMD=$1
    command -v ${CMD} >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo >&2 "Aborted : Require "${CMD}" but not found."; exit 1; }
}


CROSS_TOOL_DIR=`dirname \`whereis ${BUILD_HOST}-gcc | awk -F: '{ print $2 }'\``
if [ -z "$CROSS_TOOL_DIR" ]; then
    ARM_GCC_PATH=/home/schips/6818/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.8/bin
    echo "no found cross gcc, using ${ARM_GCC_PATH}"
    CROSS_TOOL_DIR=$ARM_GCC_PATH
fi

export PATH=$PATH:$CROSS_TOOL_DIR

test_env  ${BUILD_HOST}-gcc

make_dirs () {
    #为了方便管理，创建有关的目录
    cd ${BASE} && mkdir compressed install source -p
}

tget () { #try wget
    filename=`basename $1`
    echo "Downloading [${filename}]..."
    if [ ! -f ${filename} ];then
        wget $1
    fi

    echo "[OK] Downloaded [${filename}] "
}

download_package () {
    cd ${BASE}/compressed

    tget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.4.3.src.tar.gz
    # 高版本
    tget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.8.src.tar.gz
}

tar_go_for_boot_stap () {
    cd ${BASE}/compressed

    mkdir ${BOOTSTRAP_DIR} -p
    tar -xf *go1.4* -C ${BOOTSTRAP_DIR}
}

make_go_for_boot_stap () {
    cd ${BOOTSTRAP_DIR}/go/src

    CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 ./make.bash
}

tar_go_version_higher_host () {
    cd ${BASE}/compressed
    HIGHER=`ls go* | grep -v 1.4 `

    mkdir ${HIG_GO_DIR} -p
    tar -xf $HIGHER -C ${HIG_GO_DIR}
}

make_go_version_higher_host() {
    export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=$GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP

    cd ${HIG_GO_DIR}/go/src
    GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 ./make.bash
}

tar_go_version_higher_arm () {
    cd ${BASE}/compressed
    HIGHER=`ls go* |grep -v 1.4 `
    mkdir ${ARM_GO_DIR} -p
    tar -xf $HIGHER -C ${ARM_GO_DIR}
}

make_go_version_higher_arm() {
    export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=$GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP

    cd ${ARM_GO_DIR}/go/src
    CGO="no"
    if [ $CGO = "yes" ]
    then
        echo "CGO is enable"
        # 开启CGO编译（参考下文）
        export  CC_FOR_TARGET=${CROSS_TOOL_DIR}/${BUILD_HOST}-gcc
        export CXX_FOR_TARGET=${CROSS_TOOL_DIR}/${BUILD_HOST}-g++
        CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 ./make.bash
    else
        echo "CGO is disable"
        # 关闭CGO编译
        CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 ./make.bash
    fi
}

show_config () {
    #echo "go bootstarp  is  : $GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP"
    echo "made go"
    tree ${BASE}/install/go_with_arm/bin
    echo "go bootstarp  is  : ${BASE}/install/go_boot_strap"
    echo " CC_FOR_TARGET is : ${CROSS_TOOL_DIR}/${BUILD_HOST}-gcc"
    echo "CXX_FOR_TARGET is : ${CROSS_TOOL_DIR}/${BUILD_HOST}-g++"

    # 关于下方的变量请参考有关文章
    GOROOT="${BASE}/install/go_with_arm"
    GOPATH=`dirname $GOROOT`/gopath
    echo "GOROOT is : ${GOROOT}"
    echo "GOPATH is : ${GOPATH}"
        echo "==========================================="
    echo "## for Run cmd-pc"
    echo "export GOROOT=${GOROOT}"
    echo "export GOPATH=${GOPATH}"
    echo "export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin"
    echo
    echo "## for Next time bootstarp"
    echo "export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=${BASE}/install/go_boot_strap"
    echo "export    CC_FOR_TARGET=${CROSS_TOOL_DIR}${BUILD_HOST}-gcc"
    echo "export   CXX_FOR_TARGET=${CROSS_TOOL_DIR}/${BUILD_HOST}-g++"
    echo
    echo "## [Optional]"
        echo "alias arm-go="GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 go build""
        echo "alias gob="go build""
    echo
    echo "## for Run cmd-target"
    echo "export GOROOT=${GOROOT}"
    echo "export GOPATH=${GOPATH}"
    echo "export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin"
}

make_together () {
    #boot strap
    mv ${BOOTSTRAP_DIR}/go ${BASE}/install/go_boot_strap

    #higher_host(好像arm版本的编译里面也自带了本机可以用的go)
    #mv ${HIG_GO_DIR}/go  ${BASE}/install/go_host

    #higher_arm
    mv ${ARM_GO_DIR}/go ${BASE}/install/go_with_arm
    show_config
}


echo "Using ${BUILD_HOST}-gcc"
make_dirs
download_package

  tar_go_for_boot_stap
 make_go_for_boot_stap

#好像arm版本的编译里面也带了本机可以用的go，所以这2句脚本是不需要的
# tar_go_version_higher_host
#make_go_version_higher_host

 tar_go_version_higher_arm
 make_go_version_higher_arm

make_together

编译完成以后，最后会提示应该如何配置环境变量（在下文中需要用到）

提示：当选择开启CGO编译时必须配置先CC_FOR_TARGET和CXX_FOR_TARGET两个环境变量
建议 高版本的go设置CGO=0；建议 arm版本的go 设置CGO=1。

脚本中编译go的时候，用到了两个变量：

• GOOS：目标操作系统
• GOARCH：目标操作系统的架构

OS	ARCH	OS version
linux	386 / amd64 / arm	>= Linux 2.6
darwin	386 / amd64	OS X (Snow Leopard + Lion)
freebsd	386 / amd64	>= FreeBSD 7
windows	386 / amd64	>= Windows 2000

编译其他平台的时候根据上面表格参数执行编译就可以了。

• • $GOARM (for arm only; default is auto-detected if building on the target processor, 6 if not)

    This sets the ARM floating point co-processor architecture version the run-time should target. If you are compiling on the target system, its value will be auto-detected.

  • • GOARM=5: use software floating point; when CPU doesn't have VFP co-processor
    • GOARM=6: use VFPv1 only; default if cross compiling; usually ARM11 or better cores (VFPv2 or better is also supported)
    • GOARM=7: use VFPv3; usually Cortex-A cores

If in doubt, leave this variable unset, and adjust it if required when you first run the Go executable. The GoARM page on the Go community wiki contains further details regarding Go's ARM support.

在install/go_arm/目录下会生成arm和amd64两个平台的Go命令和依赖包，所以这个版本编译的Go命令可以进行两个平台的Go应用程序开发。

# schips @ ubuntu in ~/host/go/install/go_arm/bin [20:57:41]
$ tree
.
├── go(PC上正常使用的)
├── gofmt
└── linux_arm(这个目录下的程序是在arm上运行的)
    ├── go
    └── gofmt

设置环境变量

在自己的bash中的对应资源文件(*rc)中添加如下内容(重启命令行后生效))：

不同bash对应rc文件也不同，比如 .ashrc，.bashrc，.zshrc 等
关于 go有关的环境变量可以参考： 《GOROOT、GOPATH、GOBIN变量的含义》

# 设置 GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP是为了下次 编译的时候可以用
export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=根据上面脚本的编译结果
export CC_FOR_TARGET=根据上面脚本的编译结果
export CXX_FOR_TARGET=根据上面脚本的编译结果

# 一定需要的
export GOROOT=根据上面脚本的编译结果
export GOPATH=可以参考根据上面脚本的编译结果
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin

# 可选的，快捷命令
alias arm-go="GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 go build"
alias gob="go build"

例如：

Installed Go for linux/amd64 in /home/schips/go/source/_go_boot_strap/go
Installed commands in /home/schips/go/source/_go_boot_strap/go/bin
CGO is disable
Building Go cmd/dist using /home/schips/go/source/_go_boot_strap/go.
Building Go toolchain1 using /home/schips/go/source/_go_boot_strap/go.
Building Go bootstrap cmd/go (go_bootstrap) using Go toolchain1.
Building Go toolchain2 using go_bootstrap and Go toolchain1.
Building Go toolchain3 using go_bootstrap and Go toolchain2.
Building packages and commands for host, linux/amd64.
Building packages and commands for target, linux/arm.
---
Installed Go for linux/arm in /home/schips/go/source/_arm_go/go
Installed commands in /home/schips/go/source/_arm_go/go/bin

go bootstarp  is  : /home/schips/go/install/go_boot_strap
CC_FOR_TARGET  is : /home/schips/6818/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.8/bin/arm-eabi-gcc
CXX_FOR_TARGET is : /home/schips/6818/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.8/bin/arm-eabi-g++
GOROOT is : /home/schips/go/install/go_arm
GOPATH is : /home/schips/go/install/gopath # 没错，真的是这么写的

测试

验证go 是否正常运行 以及 输出版本

新开一个bash,输入 go version 可以进行安装的简单验证：

$ go version

go version go1.12 linux/amd64

有关程序的验证

新建helloworld.go

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
  fmt.Println("Hello world")
}

编译与运行
在本地运行的结果：

go build helloworld.go

./helloworld
Hello world

在板子上：

# 在 host 上交叉编译
GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 go build helloworld.go

[root@6818 ~/nfs]#./helloworld
Hello world