• python接口测试之Http请求（三）

      python的强大之处在于提供了很多的标准库，这些标准库可以直接调用，本节部分，重点学习和总结在

    接口测试中Python的Http请求的库的学习。

        首先来看httplib，官方的解释为：本模块定义了类实现客户端的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 协议。它通常不能直接

    使用 — — 模块 urllib 用于处理使用 HTTP 和 HTTPS 的 Url。使用httplib来做一个简单的对百度的请求,看

    这样的一个实现过程，见实现的代码：

    复制代码
    #!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import  httplib

def getBaidu():
    '''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
    http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
    http_client.request('GET','')
    r=http_client.getresponse()
    print  r.status
    print r.read()

getBaidu()
    复制代码

    这里我们详细的来看r提供了那些方法，见输出的结果：

    复制代码
    #!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import  httplib

def getBaidu():
    '''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
    http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
    http_client.request('GET','')
    r=http_client.getresponse()
    print dir(r)

getBaidu()
    复制代码
    C:Python27python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
['__doc__', '__init__', '__module__', '_check_close', '_method', '_read_chunked', '_read_status', '_safe_read', 'begin', 'chunk_left', 'chunked', 'close', 'debuglevel', 'fileno', 'fp', 'getheader', 'getheaders', 'isclosed', 'length', 'msg', 'read', 'reason', 'status', 'strict', 'version', 'will_close']

Process finished with exit code 0

    使用dir(r)方法可以看到调用的方法，如我们想看到请求百度这样的一个GET请求，到底返回的status code是多少，

    是否OK，响应内容是什么，headers是什么，见实现的代码和输出的内容：

    复制代码
    #!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import  httplib

def getBaidu():
    '''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
    http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('www.baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
    http_client.request('GET','/')
    r=http_client.getresponse()
    print u'状态的状态码:
',r.status
    print u'是否请求Ok：
',r.reason
    print u'header是多少:
',r.getheaders()
    print u'Response消息结构:
',r.msg
    print u'响应内容:
',r.read()

getBaidu()
    复制代码

    见输出的结果内容：

    复制代码
    C:Python27python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
状态的状态码:
200
是否请求Ok：
OK
header是多少:
[('content-length', '14613'), ('set-cookie', 'BAIDUID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, BIDUPSID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, PSTM=1481724972; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com'), ('accept-ranges', 'bytes'), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding'), ('server', 'BWS/1.1'), ('last-modified', 'Mon, 12 Dec 2016 06:09:00 GMT'), ('connection', 'Keep-Alive'), ('x-ua-compatible', 'IE=Edge,chrome=1'), ('pragma', 'no-cache'), ('cache-control', 'no-cache'), ('date', 'Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:16:12 GMT'), ('p3p', 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "'), ('content-type', 'text/html')]
Response消息结构:
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:16:12 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 14613
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Dec 2016 06:09:00 GMT
Connection: Keep-Alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: PSTM=1481724972; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
Server: BWS/1.1
X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-control: no-cache
Accept-Ranges: bytes

响应内容:
<!DOCTYPE html><!--STATUS OK-->
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//s1.bdstatic.com"/>
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t1.baidu.com"/>
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t2.baidu.com"/>
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t3.baidu.com"/>
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t10.baidu.com"/>
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t11.baidu.com"/>
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t12.baidu.com"/>
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//b1.bdstatic.com"/>
    <title>百度一下，你就知道</title>
    <link href="http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/static/home/css/index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <!--[if lte IE 8]><style index="index" >#content{height:480px9}#m{top:260px9}</style><![endif]-->
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    <script>function h(obj){obj.style.behavior='url(#default#homepage)';var a = obj.setHomePage('//www.baidu.com/');}</script>
    <noscript><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; url=/baidu.html?from=noscript"/></noscript>
    <script>window._ASYNC_START=new Date().getTime();</script>
</head>
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wdfield="word"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'news'})">新闻</a>&#12288;<b>网页</b>&#12288;<a href="http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kw=&fr=wwwt" wdfield="kw"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'tieba'})">贴吧</a>&#12288;<a href="http://zhidao.baidu.com/q?ct=17&pn=0&tn=ikaslist&rn=10&word=&fr=wwwt" wdfield="word"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'zhidao'})">知道</a>&#12288;<a href="http://music.baidu.com/search?fr=ps&key=" wdfield="key"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'music'})">音乐</a>&#12288;<a href="http://image.baidu.com/i?tn=baiduimage&ps=1&ct=201326592&lm=-1&cl=2&nc=1&word=" wdfield="word"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'pic'})">图片</a>&#12288;<a href="http://v.baidu.com/v?ct=301989888&rn=20&pn=0&db=0&s=25&word=" wdfield="word"   onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'video'})">视频</a>&#12288;<a href="http://map.baidu.com/m?word=&fr=ps01000" wdfield="word"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'map'})">地图</a>&#12288;<a href="http://wenku.baidu.com/search?word=&lm=0&od=0" wdfield="word"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'wenku'})">文库</a>&#12288;<a href="//www.baidu.com/more/"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'more'})">更多»</a></div></div><form id="form" name="f" action="/s" class="fm" ><input type="hidden" name="ie" value="utf-8"><input type="hidden" name="f" value="8"><input type="hidden" name="rsv_bp" value="1"><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input name="wd" id="kw" class="s_ipt" value="" maxlength="100"></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type="submit" id="su" value="百度一下" class="bg s_btn" onmousedown="this.className='bg s_btn s_btn_h'" onmouseout="this.className='bg s_btn'"></span><span class="tools"><span id="mHolder"><div id="mCon"><span>输入法</span></div><ul id="mMenu"><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_hw">手写</a></li><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_py">拼音</a></li><li class="ln"></li><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_cl">关闭</a></li></ul></span><span 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href="http://news.baidu.com">新&nbsp;闻</a>　<b>网&nbsp;页</b>　<a href="http://tieba.baidu.com">贴&nbsp;吧</a>　<a href="http://zhidao.baidu.com">知&nbsp;道</a>　<a href="http://music.baidu.com">音&nbsp;乐</a>　<a href="http://image.baidu.com">图&nbsp;片</a>　<a href="http://v.baidu.com">视&nbsp;频</a>　<a href="http://map.baidu.com">地&nbsp;图</a></p><div id="fm"><form id="form1" name="f1" action="/s" class="fm"><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input type="text" name="wd" id="kw1" maxlength="100" class="s_ipt"></span><input type="hidden" name="rsv_bp" value="0"><input type=hidden name=ch value=""><input type=hidden name=tn value="baidu"><input type=hidden name=bar value=""><input type="hidden" name="rsv_spt" value="3"><input type="hidden" name="ie" value="utf-8"><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type="submit" value="百度一下" id="su1" class="bg s_btn" onmousedown="this.className='bg s_btn s_btn_h'" onmouseout="this.className='bg s_btn'"></span></form><span class="tools"><span id="mHolder1"><div id="mCon1"><span>输入法</span></div></span></span><ul id="mMenu1"><div class="mMenu1-tip-arrow"><em></em><ins></ins></div><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_hw">手写</a></li><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_py">拼音</a></li><li class="ln"></li><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_cl">关闭</a></li></ul></div><p id="lk"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com">百科</a>　<a href="http://wenku.baidu.com">文库</a>　<a href="http://www.hao123.com">hao123</a><span>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href="//www.baidu.com/more/">更多&gt;&gt;</a></span></p><p id="lm"></p></div></div><div id="ftCon"><div id="ftConw"><p id="lh"><a id="seth" onClick="h(this)" href="/" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'homepage','pos':0})">把百度设为主页</a><a id="setf" href="//www.baidu.com/cache/sethelp/index.html" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'favorites','pos':0})" target="_blank">把百度设为主页</a><a onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'tj_about'})" href="http://home.baidu.com">关于百度</a><a onmousedown="return 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Process finished with exit code 0
    复制代码

         下来来看urllib2的库，看官方的解释：urllib2 定义了很多函数和类，这些函数和类能够帮助我们在复杂的情况下获取URLS内容。

    复杂情况— 基本的和深入的验证, 重定向, cookies 等等.和如上一样，我们使用urllib2来实现对百度的请求，见GET请求的代码：

    复制代码
    #!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8


import  urllib
import  urllib2

def get_baidu():
    r=urllib2.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')
    print u'Response code:
',r.getcode(),r.msg
    print u'headers:
',r.headers

get_baidu()
    复制代码

    见输出结果的内容：

    复制代码
    C:Python27python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
Response code:
200 OK
headers:
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:52:28 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=55980CB92E6F9F88BF0FF2B73E8607D4:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
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    复制代码

    下面使用urllib2实现一个POST的请求过程，见实现的代码：

    复制代码
    #!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8


import  urllib
import  urllib2

def get_baidu():
    r=urllib2.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')
    print u'Response code:
',r.getcode(),r.msg
    print u'headers:
',r.headers


def post_cun():
    params=urllib.urlencode({'cityId':'438'})
    r=urllib2.urlopen('http://m.cyw.com/index.php?m=api&c=cookie&a=setcity',params)
    print r.getcode(),r.msg
    print r.read()


post_cun()
    复制代码

     见输出结果的json内容：

    C:Python27python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
200 OK
{"status":true,"homeUrl":"/xian"}

          

    坚持就是一种赢姿态！
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/scarlett-hy/p/9365798.html
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