Sphinx是由俄罗斯人Andrew Aksyonoff开发的一个全文检索引擎。意图为其他应用提供高速、低空间占用、高结果 相关度的全文搜索功能。Sphinx可以非常容易的与SQL数据库和脚本语言集成。当前系统内置MySQL和PostgreSQL 数据库数据源的支持，也支持从标准输入读取特定格式 的XML数据。
Sphinx创建索引的速度为：创建100万条记录的索引只需3～4分钟，创建1000万条记录的索引可以在50分钟内完成，而只包含最新10万条记录的增量索引，重建一次只需几十秒。
Sphinx的特性如下：
a) 高速的建立索引(在当代CPU上，峰值性能可达到10 MB/秒);
b) 高性能的搜索(在2 – 4GB 的文本数据上，平均每次检索响应时间小于0.1秒);
c) 可处理海量数据(目前已知可以处理超过100 GB的文本数据, 在单一CPU的系统上可处理100 M 文档);
d) 提供了优秀的相关度算法，基于短语相似度和统计（BM25）的复合Ranking方法;
e) 支持分布式搜索;
f) 支持短语搜索
g) 提供文档摘要生成
h) 可作为MySQL的存储引擎提供搜索服务;
i) 支持布尔、短语、词语相似度等多种检索模式;
j) 文档支持多个全文检索字段(最大不超过32个);
k) 文档支持多个额外的属性信息(例如：分组信息，时间戳等);
l) 支持断词;
虽然mysql的MYISAM提供全文索引，但是性能却不敢让人恭维
开始搭建
系统环境：centos6.5+php5.6+apache+mysql
1、安装依赖包
1 yum -y install make gcc g++ gcc-c++ libtool autoconf automake imake php-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel expat-devel
2、安装Sphinx
1 yum install expat expat-devel 2 wget -c http://sphinxsearch.com/files/sphinx-2.0.7-release.tar.gz 3 tar zxvf sphinx-2.0.7-release.tar.gz 4 cd sphinx-2.0.7-release 5 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sphinx --with-mysql --with-libexpat --enable-id64 6 make && make install
3、安装libsphinxclient，php扩展用到
1 cd api/libsphinxclient 2 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sphinx/libsphinxclient 3 make && make install
4、安装Sphinx的PHP扩展:我的是5.6需装sphinx-1.3.3.tgz，如果是php5.4以下可sphinx-1.3.0.tgz
wget -c http://pecl.php.net/get/sphinx-1.3.3.tgz tar zxvf sphinx-1.3.3.tgz cd sphinx-1.3.3 phpize ./configure --with-sphinx=/usr/local/sphinx/libsphinxclient/ --with-php-config=/usr/bin/php-config make && make install 成功后会提示： Installing shared extensions: /usr/lib64/php/modules/ echo "[Sphinx]" >> /etc/php.ini echo "extension = sphinx.so" >> /etc/php.ini #重启apache service httpd restart
5、创建测试数据
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `items` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `title` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `content` text NOT NULL, `created` datetime NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='全文检索测试的数据表' AUTO_INCREMENT=11 ; INSERT INTO `items` (`id`, `title`, `content`, `created`) VALUES (1, 'linux mysql集群安装', 'MySQL Cluster 是MySQL 适合于分布式计算环境的高实用、可拓展、高性能、高冗余版本', '2016-09-07 00:00:00'), (2, 'mysql主从复制', 'mysql主从备份(复制)的基本原理 mysql支持单向、异步复制,复制过程中一个服务器充当主服务器,而一个或多个其它服务器充当从服务器', '2016-09-06 00:00:00'), (3, 'hello', 'can you search me?', '2016-09-05 00:00:00'), (4, 'mysql', 'mysql is the best database?', '2016-09-03 00:00:00'), (5, 'mysql索引', '关于MySQL索引的好处,如果正确合理设计并且使用索引的MySQL是一辆兰博基尼的话,那么没有设计和使用索引的MySQL就是一个人力三轮车', '2016-09-01 00:00:00'), (6, '集群', '关于MySQL索引的好处,如果正确合理设计并且使用索引的MySQL是一辆兰博基尼的话,那么没有设计和使用索引的MySQL就是一个人力三轮车', '0000-00-00 00:00:00'), (9, '复制原理', 'redis也有复制', '0000-00-00 00:00:00'), (10, 'redis集群', '集群技术是构建高性能网站架构的重要手段，试想在网站承受高并发访问压力的同时，还需要从海量数据中查询出满足条件的数据，并快速响应，我们必然想到的是将数据进行切片，把数据根据某种规则放入多个不同的服务器节点，来降低单节点服务器的压力', '0000-00-00 00:00:00'); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `sph_counter` ( `counter_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `max_doc_id` int(11) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`counter_id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='增量索引标示的计数表';
以下采用"Main + Delta" ("主索引"+"增量索引")的索引策略，使用Sphinx自带的一元分词。
6、Sphinx配置:注意修改数据源配置信息
vi /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf source items { type = mysql sql_host = localhost sql_user = root sql_pass = 123456 sql_db = sphinx_items sql_query_pre = SET NAMES utf8 sql_query_pre = SET SESSION query_cache_type = OFF sql_query_pre = REPLACE INTO sph_counter SELECT 1, MAX(id) FROM items sql_query_range = SELECT MIN(id), MAX(id) FROM items WHERE id<=(SELECT max_doc_id FROM sph_counter WHERE counter_id=1) sql_range_step = 1000 sql_ranged_throttle = 1000 sql_query = SELECT id, title, content, created, 0 as deleted FROM items WHERE id<=(SELECT max_doc_id FROM sph_counter WHERE counter_id=1) AND id >= $start AND id <= $end sql_attr_timestamp = created sql_attr_bool = deleted } source items_delta : items { sql_query_pre = SET NAMES utf8 sql_query_range = SELECT MIN(id), MAX(id) FROM items WHERE id > (SELECT max_doc_id FROM sph_counter WHERE counter_id=1) sql_query = SELECT id, title, content, created, 0 as deleted FROM items WHERE id>( SELECT max_doc_id FROM sph_counter WHERE counter_id=1 ) AND id >= $start AND id <= $end sql_query_post_index = set @max_doc_id :=(SELECT max_doc_id FROM sph_counter WHERE counter_id=1) sql_query_post_index = REPLACE INTO sph_counter SELECT 2, IF($maxid, $maxid, @max_doc_id) } #主索引 index items { source = items path = /usr/local/sphinx/var/data/items docinfo = extern morphology = none min_word_len = 1 min_prefix_len = 0 html_strip = 1 html_remove_elements = style, script ngram_len = 1 ngram_chars = U+3000..U+2FA1F charset_type = utf-8 charset_table = 0..9, A..Z->a..z, _, a..z, U+410..U+42F->U+430..U+44F, U+430..U+44F preopen = 1 min_infix_len = 1 } #增量索引 index items_delta : items { source = items_delta path = /usr/local/sphinx/var/data/items-delta } #分布式索引 index master { type = distributed local = items local = items_delta } indexer { mem_limit = 256M } searchd { listen = 9312 listen = 9306:mysql41 #Used for SphinxQL log = /usr/local/sphinx/var/log/searchd.log query_log = /usr/local/sphinx/var/log/query.log compat_sphinxql_magics = 0 attr_flush_period = 600 mva_updates_pool = 16M read_timeout = 5 max_children = 0 dist_threads = 2 pid_file = /usr/local/sphinx/var/log/searchd.pid max_matches = 1000 seamless_rotate = 1 preopen_indexes = 1 unlink_old = 1 workers = threads # for RT to work binlog_path = /usr/local/sphinx/var/data }
保存退出
7、Sphinx创建索引
#第一次需重建索引: [root@localhost bin]# ./indexer -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --all Sphinx 2.0.7-id64-release (r3759) Copyright (c) 2001-2012, Andrew Aksyonoff Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Sphinx Technologies Inc (http://sphinxsearch.com) using config file '/usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf'... indexing index 'items'... collected 8 docs, 0.0 MB sorted 0.0 Mhits, 100.0% done total 8 docs, 1121 bytes total 1.017 sec, 1101 bytes/sec, 7.86 docs/sec indexing index 'items_delta'... collected 0 docs, 0.0 MB total 0 docs, 0 bytes total 1.007 sec, 0 bytes/sec, 0.00 docs/sec skipping non-plain index 'master'... total 4 reads, 0.000 sec, 0.7 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg total 14 writes, 0.001 sec, 0.5 kb/call avg, 0.1 msec/call avg #启动sphinx [root@localhost bin]# ./searchd -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf Sphinx 2.0.7-id64-release (r3759) Copyright (c) 2001-2012, Andrew Aksyonoff Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Sphinx Technologies Inc (http://sphinxsearch.com) using config file '/usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf'... listening on all interfaces, port=9312 listening on all interfaces, port=9306 precaching index 'items' precaching index 'items_delta' rotating index 'items_delta': success precached 2 indexes in 0.012 sec
#查看进程
[root@localhost bin]# ps -ef | grep searchd root 30431 1 0 23:59 ? 00:00:00 ./searchd -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf root 30432 30431 0 23:59 ? 00:00:00 ./searchd -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf root 30437 1490 0 23:59 pts/0 00:00:00 grep searchd #停止Searchd: ./searchd -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --stop #查看Searchd状态: ./searchd -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --status
索引更新及使用说明
"增量索引"每N分钟更新一次.通常在每天晚上低负载的时进行一次索引合并,同时重新建立"增量索引"。当然"主索引"数据不多的话，也可以直接重新建立"主索引"。
API搜索的时，同时使用"主索引"和"增量索引"，这样可以获得准实时的搜索数据.本文的Sphinx配置将"主索引"和"增量索引"放到分布式索引master中,因此只需查询分布式索引"master"即可获得全部匹配数据(包括最新数据)。
索引的更新与合并的操作可以放到cron job完成：
crontab -e */1 * * * * /usr/local/sphinx/shell/delta_index_update.sh 0 3 * * * /usr/local/sphinx/shell/merge_daily_index.sh crontab -l cron job所用的shell脚本例子: delta_index_update.sh: [php] view plain copy #!/bin/bash /usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --rotate items_delta > /dev/null 2>&1 merge_daily_index.sh: [php] view plain copy #!/bin/bash indexer=`which indexer` mysql=`which mysql` QUERY="use sphinx_items;select max_doc_id from sph_counter where counter_id = 2 limit 1;" index_counter=$($mysql -h192.168.1.198 -uroot -p123456 -sN -e "$QUERY") #merge "main + delta" indexes $indexer -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --rotate --merge items items_delta --merge-dst-range deleted 0 0 >> /usr/local/sphinx/var/index_merge.log 2>&1 if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then ##update sphinx counter if [ ! -z $index_counter ]; then $mysql -h192.168.1.198 -uroot -p123456 -Dsphinx_items -e "REPLACE INTO sph_counter VALUES (1, '$index_counter')" fi ##rebuild delta index to avoid confusion with main index $indexer -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --rotate items_delta >> /usr/local/sphinx/var/rebuild_deltaindex.log 2>&1 fi
8、php中文分词scws安装:注意扩展的版本和php的版本
wget -c http://www.xunsearch.com/scws/down/scws-1.2.3.tar.bz2 tar jxvf scws-1.2.3.tar.bz2 cd scws-1.2.3 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/scws make && make install
9、scws的PHP扩展安装:
cd ./phpext phpize ./configure make && make install echo "[scws]" >> /etc/php.ini echo "extension = scws.so" >> /etc/php.ini echo "scws.default.charset = utf-8" >> /etc/php.ini echo "scws.default.fpath = /usr/local/scws/etc/" >> /etc/php.ini
10、词库安装:
wget http://www.xunsearch.com/scws/down/scws-dict-chs-utf8.tar.bz2 tar jxvf scws-dict-chs-utf8.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/scws/etc/ chown www:www /usr/local/scws/etc/dict.utf8.xdb
11、php使用Sphinx+scws测试例子
在Sphinx源码API中,有好几种语言的API调用.其中有一个是sphinxapi.php。
不过以下的测试使用的是Sphinx的PHP扩展.具体安装见本文开头的Sphinx安装部分。
测试用的搜索类Search.php：注意修改getDBConnection()信息为自己的
<?php class Search { /** * @var SphinxClient **/ protected $client; /** * @var string **/ protected $keywords; /** * @var resource **/ private static $dbconnection = null; /** * Constructor **/ public function __construct($options = array()) { $defaults = array( 'query_mode' => SPH_MATCH_EXTENDED2, 'sort_mode' => SPH_SORT_EXTENDED, 'ranking_mode' => SPH_RANK_PROXIMITY_BM25, 'field_weights' => array(), 'max_matches' => 1000, 'snippet_enabled' => true, 'snippet_index' => 'items', 'snippet_fields' => array(), ); $this->options = array_merge($defaults, $options); $this->client = new SphinxClient(); //$this->client->setServer("192.168.1.198", 9312); $this->client->setMatchMode($this->options['query_mode']); if ($this->options['field_weights'] !== array()) { $this->client->setFieldWeights($this->options['field_weights']); } /* if ( in_array($this->options['query_mode'], [SPH_MATCH_EXTENDED2,SPH_MATCH_EXTENDED]) ) { $this->client->setRankingMode($this->options['ranking_mode']); } */ } /** * Query * * @param string $keywords * @param integer $offset * @param integer $limit * @param string $index * @return array **/ public function query($keywords, $offset = 0, $limit = 10, $index = '*') { $this->keywords = $keywords; $max_matches = $limit > $this->options['max_matches'] ? $limit : $this->options['max_matches']; $this->client->setLimits($offset, $limit, $max_matches); $query_results = $this->client->query($keywords, $index); if ($query_results === false) { $this->log('error:' . $this->client->getLastError()); } $res = []; if ( empty($query_results['matches']) ) { return $res; } $res['total'] = $query_results['total']; $res['total_found'] = $query_results['total_found']; $res['time'] = $query_results['time']; $doc_ids = array_keys($query_results['matches']); unset($query_results); $res['data'] = $this->fetch_data($doc_ids); if ($this->options['snippet_enabled']) { $this->buildExcerptRows($res['data']); } return $res; } /** * custom sorting * * @param string $sortBy * @param int $mode * @return bool **/ public function setSortBy($sortBy = '', $mode = 0) { if ($sortBy) { $mode = $mode ?: $this->options['sort_mode']; $this->client->setSortMode($mode, $sortBy); } else { $this->client->setSortMode(SPH_SORT_RELEVANCE); } } /** * fetch data based on matched doc_ids * * @param array $doc_ids * @return array **/ protected function fetch_data($doc_ids) { $ids = implode(',', $doc_ids); $queries = self::getDBConnection()->query("SELECT * FROM items WHERE id in ($ids)", PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); return iterator_to_array($queries); } /** * build excerpts for data * * @param array $rows * @return array **/ protected function buildExcerptRows(&$rows) { $options = array( 'before_match' => '<b style="color:red">', 'after_match' => '</b>', 'chunk_separator' => '...', 'limit' => 256, 'around' => 3, 'exact_phrase' => false, 'single_passage' => true, 'limit_words' => 5, ); $scount = count($this->options['snippet_fields']); foreach ($rows as &$row) { foreach ($row as $fk => $item) { if (!is_string($item) || ($scount && !in_array($fk, $this->options['snippet_fields'])) ) continue; $item = preg_replace('/[ ]+/', '', strip_tags($item)); $res = $this->client->buildExcerpts(array($item), $this->options['snippet_index'], $this->keywords, $options); $row[$fk] = $res === false ? $item : $res[0]; } } return $rows; } /** * database connection * * @return resource **/ private static function getDBConnection() { $dsn = 'mysql:host=192.168.1.198;dbname=sphinx_items'; $user = 'root'; $pass = '123456'; if (!self::$dbconnection) { try { self::$dbconnection = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass); } catch (PDOException $e) { die('Connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage()); } } return self::$dbconnection; } /** * Chinese words segmentation * **/ public function wordSplit($keywords) { $fpath = ini_get('scws.default.fpath'); $so = scws_new(); $so->set_charset('utf-8'); $so->add_dict($fpath . '/dict.utf8.xdb'); //$so->add_dict($fpath .'/custom_dict.txt', SCWS_XDICT_TXT); $so->set_rule($fpath . '/rules.utf8.ini'); $so->set_ignore(true); $so->set_multi(false); $so->set_duality(false); $so->send_text($keywords); $words = []; $results = $so->get_result(); foreach ($results as $res) { $words[] = '(' . $res['word'] . ')'; } $words[] = '(' . $keywords . ')'; return join('|', $words); } /** * get current sphinx client * * @return resource **/ public function getClient() { return $this->client; } /** * log error **/ public function log($msg) { // log errors here //echo $msg; } /** * magic methods **/ public function __call($method, $args) { $rc = new ReflectionClass('SphinxClient'); if ( !$rc->hasMethod($method) ) { throw new Exception('invalid method :' . $method); } return call_user_func_array(array($this->client, $method), $args); } }
测试文件test.php：
<?php require('Search.php'); $s = new Search([ 'snippet_fields' => ['title', 'content'], 'field_weights' => ['title' => 20, 'content' => 10], ]); $s->setSortMode(SPH_SORT_EXTENDED, 'created desc,@weight desc'); //$s->setSortBy('created desc,@weight desc'); $words = $s->wordSplit("mysql集群");//先分词 结果：(mysql)|(mysql集群) //print_r($words);exit; $res = $s->query($words, 0, 10, 'master'); echo '<pre/>';print_r($res);
测试结果：
12、SphinxQL测试
要使用SphinxQL需要在Searchd的配置里面增加相应的监听端口(参考上文配置)。
[root@localhost bin]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P9306 -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 2.0.7-id64-release (r3759) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show global variables; +----------------------+---------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+---------+ | autocommit | 1 | | collation_connection | libc_ci | | query_log_format | plain | | log_level | info | +----------------------+---------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> desc items; +---------+-----------+ | Field | Type | +---------+-----------+ | id | bigint | | title | field | | content | field | | created | timestamp | | deleted | bool | +---------+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from master where match ('mysql集群') limit 10; +------+---------+---------+ | id | created | deleted | +------+---------+---------+ | 1 | 2016 | 0 | | 6 | 0 | 0 | +------+---------+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show meta; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | total | 2 | | total_found | 2 | | time | 0.006 | | keyword[0] | mysql | | docs[0] | 5 | | hits[0] | 15 | | keyword[1] | 集 | | docs[1] | 3 | | hits[1] | 4 | | keyword[2] | 群 | | docs[2] | 3 | | hits[2] | 4 | +---------------+-------+ 12 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>