前言:大多OO语言都支持两种继承方式: 接口继承和实现继承 ,而ECMAScript中无法实现接口继承,ECMAScript只支持实现继承,而且其实现继承主要是依靠 原型链 来实现。
1.原型链
基本思想:利用原型让一个引用类型继承另外一个引用类型的属性和方法。
构造函数,原型,实例之间的关系:每个构造函数都有一个原型对象,原型对象包含一个指向构造函数的指针,而实例都包含一个指向原型对象的内部指针。
原型链实现继承例子:
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function SuperType() { this.property = true; } SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function() { return this.property; } function subType() { this.property = false; } //继承了SuperType SubType.prototype = new SuperType(); SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function (){ return this.property; } var instance = new SubType(); console.log(instance.getSuperValue());//true |
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function SuperType() { this.colors = ["red","blue","green"]; } function SubType() { SuperType.call(this);//继承了SuperType } var instance1 = new SubType(); instance1.colors.push("black"); console.log(instance1.colors);//"red","blue","green","black" var instance2 = new SubType(); console.log(instance2.colors);//"red","blue","green" |
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function SuperType(name) { this.name = name; this.colors = ["red","blue","green"]; } SuperType.prototype.sayName = function() { console.log(this.name); } function SubType(name, age) { SuperType.call(this,name);//继承属性 this.age = age; } //继承方法 SubType.prototype = new SuperType(); Subtype.prototype.constructor = Subtype; Subtype.prototype.sayAge = function() { console.log(this.age); } var instance1 = new SubType("EvanChen",18); instance1.colors.push("black"); consol.log(instance1.colors);//"red","blue","green","black" instance1.sayName();//"EvanChen" instance1.sayAge();//18 var instance2 = new SubType("EvanChen666",20); console.log(instance2.colors);//"red","blue","green" instance2.sayName();//"EvanChen666" instance2.sayAge();//20 |
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function object(o) { function F(){} F.prototype = o; return new F(); } |
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var person = { name:"EvanChen", friends:["Shelby","Court","Van"]; }; var anotherPerson = object(person); anotherPerson.name = "Greg"; anotherPerson.friends.push("Rob"); var yetAnotherPerson = object(person); yetAnotherPerson.name = "Linda"; yetAnotherPerson.friends.push("Barbie"); console.log(person.friends);//"Shelby","Court","Van","Rob","Barbie" |
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var person = { name:"EvanChen", friends:["Shelby","Court","Van"]; }; var anotherPerson = Object.create(person); anotherPerson.name = "Greg"; anotherPerson.friends.push("Rob"); var yetAnotherPerson = Object.create(person); yetAnotherPerson.name = "Linda"; yetAnotherPerson.friends.push("Barbie"); console.log(person.friends);//"Shelby","Court","Van","Rob","Barbie" |
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function createAnother(original) { var clone = object(original); clone.sayHi = function () { alert("hi"); }; return clone; } var person = { name:"EvanChen", friends:["Shelby","Court","Van"]; }; var anotherPerson = createAnother(person); anotherPerson.sayHi();///"hi" |
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function inheritProperty(subType, superType) { var prototype = object(superType.prototype);//创建对象 prototype.constructor = subType;//增强对象 subType.prototype = prototype;//指定对象 } |
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function SuperType(name){ this.name = name; this.colors = ["red","blue","green"]; } SuperType.prototype.sayName = function (){ alert(this.name); }; function SubType(name,age){ SuperType.call(this,name); this.age = age; } inheritProperty(SubType,SuperType); SubType.prototype.sayAge = function() { alert(this.age); } |
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function Parent(username){ this.username = username; this.hello = function(){ alert(this.username); } } function Child(username,password){ //通过以下3行实现将Parent的属性和方法追加到Child中,从而实现继承 //第一步:this.method是作为一个临时的属性,并且指向Parent所指向的对象, //第二步:执行this.method方法,即执行Parent所指向的对象函数 //第三步:销毁this.method属性,即此时Child就已经拥有了Parent的所有属性和方法 this.method = Parent; this.method(username);//最关键的一行 delete this.method; this.password = password; this.world = function(){ alert(this.password); } } var parent = new Parent("zhangsan"); var child = new Child("lisi","123456"); parent.hello(); child.hello(); child.world(); |
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function test(str){ alert(this.name + " " + str); } var object = new Object(); object.name = "zhangsan"; test.call(object,"langsin");//此时,第一个参数值object传递给了test类(即方法)中出现的this,而第二个参数"langsin"则赋值给了test类(即方法)的str function Parent(username){ this.username = username; this.hello = function(){ alert(this.username); } } function Child(username,password){ Parent.call(this,username); this.password = password; this.world = function(){ alert(this.password); } } var parent = new Parent("zhangsan"); var child = new Child("lisi","123456"); parent.hello(); child.hello(); child.world(); |
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function Parent(username){ this.username = username; this.hello = function(){ alert(this.username); } } function Child(username,password){ Parent.apply(this,new Array(username)); this.password = password; this.world = function(){ alert(this.password); } } var parent = new Parent("zhangsan"); var child = new Child("lisi","123456"); parent.hello(); child.hello(); child.world(); |
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function Person(){ } Person.prototype.hello = "hello"; Person.prototype.sayHello = function(){ alert(this.hello); } function Child(){ } Child.prototype = new Person();//这行的作用是:将Parent中将所有通过prototype追加的属性和方法都追加到Child,从而实现了继承 Child.prototype.world = "world"; Child.prototype.sayWorld = function(){ alert(this.world); } var c = new Child(); c.sayHello(); c.sayWorld(); |
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function Parent(hello){ this.hello = hello; } Parent.prototype.sayHello = function(){ alert(this.hello); } function Child(hello,world){ Parent.call(this,hello);//将父类的属性继承过来 this.world = world;//新增一些属性 } Child.prototype = new Parent();//将父类的方法继承过来 Child.prototype.sayWorld = function(){//新增一些方法 alert(this.world); } var c = new Child("zhangsan","lisi"); c.sayHello(); c.sayWorld(); |