参考资料如下:
https://www.cnblogs.com/staryea/p/8514144.html
https://www.centos.bz/2018/02/mariadb-mysql%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6my-cnf%E8%A7%A3%E8%AF%BB/ ---- 解读mariadb 各个配置属性
https://blog.csdn.net/cgb278653219/article/details/84917381
https://www.cnblogs.com/ivictor/p/5727395.html
https://blog.csdn.net/jinpengncu/article/details/77879844
https://blog.csdn.net/I_jump/article/details/99691829
https://blog.csdn.net/shaochenshuo/article/details/80162005
https://www.cnblogs.com/LvLoveYuForever/p/5585197.html 安装完mariadb初始化密码
https://www.cnblogs.com/ysuwangqiang/p/11766470.html
https://blog.csdn.net/seesun2012/article/details/83088661
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30383279/article/details/97524581 --- 提供了卸载方式
一、准备工作
(1) 在官网上下载 gz格式的安装包;
(2) 将该安装包上传到需安装的Linxu服务器上;
(3) 检查环境;
- 通过命令 lsof -i:3306 查看端口是否被占用;
- 通过 ps -aux|grep mysql或mariadb 查看系统中是否安装 数据库;
二、安装
1、解压软件包
- cd xxxxx(软件所在目录)
- tar -zxvf mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
该gz包将会解压到同级目录
2、赋权
- chmod -R 777 *
给解压出来的 mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64 文件夹进行赋权
3、配置my.cnf文件
- cd support-files
- cp my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
拷贝 my.cnf 文件到 /etc目录下
- vim /etc/my.cnf
进行文件编辑,示例如下:# Example MySQL config file for small systems.
# # This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used # from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon # doesn't use much resources. # # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, see: # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld]
port = 3306 user = mysql socket = /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/mysql.sock datadir = /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/data/mariadb basedir = /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64 log_error = /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/mariadb.err pid-file = /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/mariadb.pid skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 64M max_allowed_packet = 64M table_open_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M net_buffer_length = 64M thread_stack = 240K explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true default_storage_engine = InnoDB # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking server-id = 1 # Uncomment the following if you want to log updates log-bin=mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommended #binlog_format=mixed # Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be # written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that # there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional # tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM # t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master. #binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables innodb_data_home_dir = /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/data/mariadb innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/data/mariadb # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size innodb_log_file_size = 32M innodb_log_buffer_size = 20M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 8M sort_buffer_size = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout
3、安装
(1) 添加mysql用户
- grep mysql /etc/passwd --- 查看是否有mysql用户,没有则添加
- useradd mysql --- 添加mysql用户
- chown mysql.mysql /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/data/mariadb -R --- 给mysql 赋权,对 数据库存储目录
问题:
在执行useradd 命令时,可能会出现以下提示,但出现以下问题并不影响用户的添加。
但是想解决该问题的话,可以通过以下方式:
删除用户不用userdel mysql 而是用 userdel -rf mysql
通过上图可以看到此时就没有那个错误提醒了。
在网上还看到其它创建用户的方式:
[root@node1 ~]# useradd -M -r -s /bin/nologin mysql [root@node1 ~]# id mysql uid=987(mysql) gid=981(mysql) 组=981(mysql)
更改数据库的属主属组为root
[root@node1 local]# chown root.root -R mysql
(2) 初始化数据库
- cd /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/scripts
-
./mysql_install_db --datadir=/opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/data/mariadb --basedir=/opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql
注意:这里mysql_install_db 是一个可执行脚本,需要在前面加上./ 执行。
出现以上表示执行成功。
检查是否真实安装成功:
- ll /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/data/mariadb/
出现以上3个红框表示安装成功。
问题:
- 在执行初始化脚本过程中,可能会因为别的原因,导致初始化失败,此时可以查看mariadb的日志(在/etc/my.cnf 中设置 log_error 来指定错误日志路径)
- 还可能出现如下权限问题
所以需要给mysql 用户赋读取数据库目录的权限,可以使用命令 chown mysql.mysql /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/data/mariadb -R
(3) 注册成系统服务
- cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
- chkconfig --add mysqld # 添加至系统服务
- chkconfig mysqld on # 设置开机自启动
- chkconfig --list |more --- 查看启动项
(4) 设置指向安装目录的软链接
- ln -s 安装目录 /usr/local/mysql
这样是把数据库安装别的目录了。mariadb 编译的时候默认为是安装在 /usr/loca/mysql下的
(5) 以后台服务先试运行
出现问题:
- ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
[root@CI-Fsdmdept-DB-72-73 bin]# ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf Warning: World-writable config file '/etc/my.cnf' is ignored Warning: World-writable config file '/etc/my.cnf' is ignored 200114 17:15:54 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/CI-Fsdmdept-DB-72-73.err'. 200114 17:15:54 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/bin/mysqld_safe_helper: Can't create/write to file '/usr/local/mysql/data/CI-Fsdmdept-DB-72-73.err' (Errcode: 2 "No such file or directory")
Warning: World-writable config file '/etc/my.cnf' is ignored
这个原因是之前 在etc目录下生成my.cnf 执行了命令 chmod -R 777 的权限,导致 其变成全局用户可写了。提示Warning: World-writable config file ‘/etc/my.cnf’ is ignored ,大概意思是权限全局可写,任何一个用户都可以写。mysql担心这种文件被其他用户恶意修改,所以忽略掉这个配置文件。
解决办法,重新给该文件赋权限。执行以下命令:
- chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf
my.cnf设置为用户可读写,其他用户不可写.
PS:所以在执行文件操作的时候,最好还是使用 cp 命令进行 拷贝,使用 vim 进行在线编辑。
若不解决以上问题,想继续往下走,此时可以执行:
- ./mysqld_safe --datadir='/opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/data/mariadb' --basedir=/opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64
此时又出现红色区域问题,解决办法:
红色区域表示 写文件没有权限,此时需要给文件夹
mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64 赋权限,可以进行使用如下命令:
- cd /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64
- chmod -R 777 *
接着再次执行命令启动服务
- /mysqld_safe --datadir='/opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/data/mariadb' --basedir=/opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64 或 ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file = /etc/my.cnf
- ps -aux|grep mysql ---- 查看服务是否启动
出现上图表示服务已经启动。
(5) 修改用户密码
可以按照之前初始化数据库成功时,提示的指导来执行。
-
ln -s /opt/mariadb-10.1.43-linux-x86_64/mysql.sock /tmp/ 方便登录mysql 对mysql.sock文件做个软连接;(因为mysql.sock文件我们在配置文件里已经修改了默认路径,需要软连接到/tmp/下)
- ./mysqladmin -u root password '123456' ---- 设置初始密码
(6) 可选操作(MySQL 安全配置)
可以参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/54db/p/7586577.html PS:后续试验补充
(7) 设置允许远程访问
- ./mysql -uroot -p --- 登录数据库
-
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%'IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxx' WITH GRANT OPTION; xxx为密码
- flush privileges;
问题:
(1) 在登录的时候,会提示找不到文件
解决办法:
- ldd mysql ---- 查找依赖
发现依赖库均在lib64上,所以通过 ll /lib64/libtinfo.so.* 查找是否存在 libtinfo.so.xx的文件,执行完,发现如下:
lib64 目录下存在libtinfo.so文件,进行软链接。
上图表示已补全依赖库,此时再次登录数据库
(2) 通过以上命令设置远程,发现使用工具还是使用不上,需进行以下方式进行排查。
- show grants;
以上显示仅有 root 通过localhost才能连接,其他无法连接,此时要插入 root@% 权限。
三、卸载
1、关闭 mysql 服务
- 关闭mysql服务
service mysql stop 或 /etc/init.d/mysql stop 或 mysqladmin shutdown -uroot -p
- 删除数据文件和目录
-
whereis mysql
-
find / -name mysql
-
rm -rf xxx
- 删除软链接,二进文件(如有必要)
-
cd /usr/local/
-
unlink mysql
- 删除自启动配置,配置文件
-
chkconfig --del mysql
-
rm -f /etc/init.d/mysql /etc/my.cnf
- 删除mysql用户和用户组(如有必要)
-
userdel mysql
-