• Python之路_Day11


    Python之路_Day11_课堂笔记


    前期回顾





    本节摘要
    一、多线程
    基本使用
    生产者消费者模型(队列)
    自定义线程池
    二、多进程
    基本使用
    进程池
    三、协程
    greenlet
    gevent
    四、缓存
    memcache
    redis
    五、rabbitMQ

    六、下节预告:
    MySQL
    ORM框架-sqlchemy
    堡垒机



    一、线程
    创建线程的两种基本使用方法:
    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. import threading
    5. # def f1(arg):
    6. # print(arg)
    7. #
    8. # t = threading.Thread(target=f1,args=(123,))
    9. # t.start()
    10. class MyThread(threading.Thread):
    11. def __init__(self,func,args):
    12. self.func = func
    13. self.args = args
    14. super(MyThread,self).__init__()
    15. def run(self):
    16. self.func(self.args)
    17. def f2(arg):
    18. print(arg)
    19. obj = MyThread(f2,123)
    20. obj.start()

    先进先出队列Queue:
    put放数据,是否阻塞,阻塞时的超时时间
    get取数据(默认阻塞),是否阻塞,阻塞时的超时时间
    队列最大长度
    qsize()真实个数
    maxsize最大支持的个数
    join,task_done,阻塞进程,当队列中任务执行完毕后,释放阻塞,不再阻塞
    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. import queue
    5. q = queue.Queue(3)
    6. print(q.empty())
    7. q.put(11)
    8. q.put(22)
    9. q.put(33)
    10. print(q.empty())
    11. print(q.qsize())
    12. q.put(44)
    13. q.put(55,block=False)
    14. q.put(55,block=False,timeout=2)
    15. print(q.get())
    16. print(q.get())
    17. print(q.get())
    18. print(q.get(timeout=2))
    19. q = queue.Queue(5)
    20. q.put(123)
    21. q.put(456)
    22. q.get()
    23. q.task_done()
    24. q.get()
    25. q.task_done()
    26. q.join()

    后进先出队列LifoQueue:

    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. import queue
    5. q = queue.LifoQueue()
    6. q.put(123)
    7. q.put(456)
    8. print(q.get())




    优先级队列PriorityQueue:

    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. import queue
    5. # 优先级队列
    6. q = queue.PriorityQueue()
    7. q.put((1,123))
    8. q.put((2,456))
    9. q.put((3,789))
    10. print(q.get())


    双向队列deque:

    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. import queue
    5. # 双向队列
    6. q = queue.deque()
    7. q.append(123)
    8. q.append(456)
    9. q.appendleft(789)
    10. q.pop()
    11. q.popleft()

    生产者消费者模型:


    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. # 生产者消费者模型
    5. import queue
    6. import threading
    7. import time
    8. q = queue.Queue(20)
    9. def productor(arg):
    10. '''
    11. 买票
    12. :param arg:
    13. :return:
    14. '''
    15. q.put(str(arg) + ' 火车票 ')
    16. for i in range(300):
    17. t = threading.Thread(target=productor,args=(i,))
    18. t.start()
    19. def consumer(arg):
    20. '''
    21. 服务器后台
    22. :param arg:
    23. :return:
    24. '''
    25. while True:
    26. print(arg,q.get())
    27. time.sleep(2)
    28. for j in range(3):
    29. t = threading.Thread(target=consumer,args=(j,))
    30. t.start()


    线程锁
    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. import threading
    5. import time
    6. NUM = 10
    7. def func(l):
    8. global NUM
    9. # 上锁
    10. l.acquire()
    11. NUM -= 1
    12. time.sleep(2)
    13. print(NUM)
    14. # 开锁
    15. l.release()
    16. lock = threading.RLock() # 支持多层所,嵌套锁
    17. # lock = threading.Lock() # 只支持单层所
    18. for i in range(10):
    19. t = threading.Thread(target=func , args=(lock,))
    20. t.start()

    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. import threading
    5. def func(i,e):
    6. print(i)
    7. e.wait() # 检测时什么灯,如果是红灯,停,绿灯,行;
    8. print(i+100)
    9. event = threading.Event()
    10. for i in range(10):
    11. t = threading.Thread(target=func,args=(i,event,))
    12. t.start()
    13. event.clear() # 设置成红灯
    14. inp = input('>>>')
    15. if inp == '1':
    16. event.set() # 设置成绿灯

    MF8SE9UCMHW%9HHA{YT}328.png

    6H2`WT%X2ZK$[5]UHM$EU`C.png

    线程池
    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. import queue
    5. import threading
    6. import time
    7. class ThreadPool:
    8. def __init__(self,maxsize=5):
    9. self.maxsize = maxsize
    10. self._q = queue.Queue(maxsize)
    11. for i in range(maxsize):
    12. self._q.put(threading.Thread)
    13. def get_thread(self):
    14. return self._q.get()
    15. def add_thread(self):
    16. self._q.put(threading.Thread)
    17. pool = ThreadPool(5)
    18. def task(arg, p):
    19. print(arg)
    20. time.sleep(1)
    21. p.add_thread()
    22. for i in range(100):
    23. t = pool.get_thread()
    24. obj = t(target=task,args=(i,pool,))
    25. obj.start()





    二、进程
    基本使用
    默认数据不共享
    queues
    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. # 进程基本使用,
    5. from multiprocessing import Process
    6. from multiprocessing import queues
    7. import multiprocessing
    8. def foo(i,arg):
    9. arg.put(i)
    10. print('say hi',i ,arg.qsize())
    11. if __name__ == "__main__":
    12. li = queues.Queue(20,ctx=multiprocessing)
    13. for i in range(10):
    14. p = Process(target=foo,args=(i,li,))
    15. p.start()

    array
    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. # 进程基本使用2
    5. from multiprocessing import Process
    6. from multiprocessing import queues
    7. import multiprocessing
    8. from multiprocessing import Array
    9. def foo(i,arg):
    10. arg[i] = i + 100
    11. for item in arg:
    12. print(item)
    13. print('============')
    14. if __name__ == "__main__":
    15. li = Array('i',10)
    16. for i in range(10):
    17. p = Process(target=foo,args=(i,li,))
    18. p.start()

    Manager.dict
    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. # 进程基本使用3
    5. from multiprocessing import Process
    6. from multiprocessing import queues
    7. import multiprocessing
    8. from multiprocessing import Manager
    9. def foo(i,arg):
    10. arg[i] = i + 100
    11. print(arg.values())
    12. if __name__ == "__main__":
    13. obj = Manager()
    14. li = obj.dict()
    15. for i in range(10):
    16. p = Process(target=foo,args=(i,li,))
    17. p.start()
    18. import time
    19. time.sleep(1)

    进程池
    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. # 进程池
    5. from multiprocessing import Pool
    6. import time
    7. def f1(arg):
    8. time.sleep(1)
    9. print(arg)
    10. if __name__ == "__main__":
    11. pool = Pool(5)
    12. for i in range(30):
    13. # pool.apply(func=f1,args=(i,))
    14. pool.apply_async(func=f1,args=(i,))
    15. # pool.close() # 所有的任务执行完毕
    16. # time.sleep(1)
    17. # pool.terminate() # 立即终止
    18. # pool.join()




    PS:
    IO密集型使用多线程
    计算密集型使用多进程



    三、协程
    原理:利用一个线程,分解一个线程成为多个“微线程” ===>程序级别

    greenlet
    gevent
    1. #!/usr/bin/env python
    2. # -.- coding: utf-8 -.-
    3. # By sandler
    4. from gevent import monkey ; monkey.patch_all()
    5. import gevent
    6. import requests
    7. def f(url):
    8. print('GET: %s ' % url)
    9. resp = requests.get(url)
    10. data = resp.text
    11. print('%d bytes received from %s.' % (len(data),url ))
    12. gevent.joinall([
    13. gevent.spawn(f,'http://www.python.org'),
    14. gevent.spawn(f,'http://www.yahoo.com'),
    15. gevent.spawn(f,'http://www.github.com')
    16. ])



    四、缓存
    1、安装软件
    2、程序:安装其对应的模块
    Socket连接,

    Memcache
    1、天生的集群
    2、基本操作
    3、gets和cas

    Redis
    LQ01`K[5EZNCSLDPN7$GTJ6.png

    AKYO@1Z@KI]BF@O{NE$2L)P.png












    http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5132791.html


    http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/4839959.html


    http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5040827.html












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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sandler613/p/5720003.html
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