• NetworkManager


    Centos7 开始,网络由 NetworkManager 服务负责管理,相对于旧的 /etc/init.d/network 脚本,NetworkManager是动态的、事件驱动的网络管理服务。旧的 /etc/init.d/network 以及 ifupifdown 等依然存在,但是处于备用状态,即NetworkManager运行时,多数情况下这些脚本会调用NetworkManager去完成网络配置任务;NetworkManager没有运行时,这些脚本就按照老传统管理网络。NetworkManager 可用于以下连接类型:以太网、VLAN、网桥、绑定、成组、Wi-Fi、移动宽带(比如移/动网络 3G)及 IP-over-InfiniBand。在这些连接类型中,NetworkManager 可配置网络别名、IP 地址、静态路由器、DNS 信息及 VPN 连接以及很多具体连接参数。最后,NetworkManager 通过 D-bus 提供 APID-Bus 允许应用程序查询并控制网络配置及状态。

    1、网络配置文件:

    /etc/sysconfig/network   说是全局设置,默认里面啥也没有,可以添加全局默认网关

    /etc/hostname              用nmtui修改hostname后,主机名保存在这里

    /etc/resolv.conf             保存DNS设置,不需要手工改,nmtui里面设置的DNS会出现在这里

    /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/       连接配置信息 ifcfg 文件

    /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ VPN、移动宽带、PPPoE连接

    2、 联网工具及应用程序概述

    应用程序或工具

    描述

    NetworkManager

    默认联网守护进程

    nmtui

    NetworkManager 的使用光标的简单文本用户界面(TUI

    nmcli

    允许用户及脚本与 NetworkManager 互动的命令行工具

    gnome-control-center

    GNOME Shell 提供的图形用户界面工具

    nm-connection-editor

    这是一个 GTK+ 3 应用程序,可用于尚未由 gnome-control-center 处理的某些任务

       

    # systemctl status network.service -l

    network.service - LSB: Bring up/down networking

    Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled)

    Active: active (exited) since Mon 2017-08-21 16:07:00 CST; 14min ago

    Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

       

    Aug 21 16:06:59 lux-cobbler.gw.local systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Bring up/down networking...

    Aug 21 16:07:00 lux-cobbler.gw.local network[7734]: Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]

    Aug 21 16:07:00 lux-cobbler.gw.local network[7734]: Bringing up interface ens33: Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)

    Aug 21 16:07:00 lux-cobbler.gw.local network[7734]: [ OK ]

    Aug 21 16:07:00 lux-cobbler.gw.local systemd[1]: Started LSB: Bring up/down networking.

       

    $ systemctl status NetworkManager.service -l

    NetworkManager.service - Network Manager

    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

    Active: active (running) since Mon 2017-08-21 13:08:36 CST; 2h 54min ago

    Docs: man:NetworkManager(8)

    Main PID: 792 (NetworkManager)

    CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service

    └─792 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon

       

    Aug 21 15:52:07 lux-cobbler.gw.local NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1503301927.9418] device (ens33): state change: prepare -> config (reason 'none') [40 50 0]

    Aug 21 15:52:07 lux-cobbler.gw.local NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1503301927.9439] device (ens33): state change: config -> ip-config (reason 'none') [50 70 0]

    Aug 21 15:52:08 lux-cobbler.gw.local NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1503301928.0081] device (ens33): state change: ip-config -> ip-check (reason 'none') [70 80 0]

    Aug 21 15:52:08 lux-cobbler.gw.local NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1503301928.0295] device (ens33): state change: ip-check -> secondaries (reason 'none') [80 90 0]

    Aug 21 15:52:08 lux-cobbler.gw.local NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1503301928.0302] device (ens33): state change: secondaries -> activated (reason 'none') [90 100 0]

    Aug 21 15:52:08 lux-cobbler.gw.local NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1503301928.0304] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_LOCAL

    Aug 21 15:52:08 lux-cobbler.gw.local NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1503301928.0434] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_GLOBAL

    Aug 21 15:52:08 lux-cobbler.gw.local NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1503301928.0436] policy: set 'ens33' (ens33) as default for IPv4 routing and DNS

    Aug 21 15:52:08 lux-cobbler.gw.local NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1503301928.0487] device (ens33): Activation: successful, device activated.

    Aug 21 16:01:06 lux-cobbler.gw.local NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1503302466.7982] audit: op="connection-update" uuid="a0606da4-d759-4d55-9045-ce43cd812584" name="ens33" args="connection.timestamp,802-3-ethernet.duplex,ipv6.ip6-privacy,ipv6.method" pid=6676 uid=1000 result="success"

       

    nmtui配置基本网络连接

    nmtui 属于curses-based text user interface(文本用户界面), 类似 Centos6 setup 工具,但只能编辑连接、启用/禁用连接、更改主机名。系统初装之后可以第一时间用nmtui配置网络设置。

    # nmcli --help

    Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

    OPTIONS

    -t[erse] terse output

    -p[retty] pretty output

    -m[ode] tabular|multiline output mode

    -c[olors] auto|yes|no whether to use colors in output

    -f[ields] <field1,field2,...>|all|common specify fields to output

    -e[scape] yes|no escape columns separators in values

    -a[sk] ask for missing parameters

    -s[how-secrets] allow displaying passwords

    -w[ait] <seconds> set timeout waiting for finishing operations

    -v[ersion] show program version

    -h[elp] print this help

       

    OBJECT

    g[eneral] NetworkManager's general status and operations

    n[etworking] overall networking control

    r[adio] NetworkManager radio switches

    c[onnection] NetworkManager's connections

    d[evice] devices managed by NetworkManager

    a[gent] NetworkManager secret agent or polkit agent

    m[onitor] monitor NetworkManager changes

       

    OBJECTCOMMAND可以用全称也可以用简称,最少可以只用一个字母,建议用头三个字母。OBJECT里面我们平时用的最多的就是connectiondevice,这里需要简单区分一下connectiondevice

    device叫网络接口,是物理设备

    connection是连接,偏重于逻辑设置

    多个connection可以应用到同一个device,但同一时间只能启用其中一个connection。这样的好处是针对一个网络接口,我们可以设置多个网络连接,比如静态IP和动态IP,再根据需要up相应的connection

    nmcli con show

    nmcli con up eth0

    nmcli dev show

       

    $ nmcli general

    STATE CONNECTIVITY WIFI-HW WIFI WWAN-HW WWAN

    connected full enabled enabled enabled enabled

       

    $ nmcli device

    DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION

    ens33 ethernet connected ens33

    lo loopback unmanaged --

    $ nmcli connection

    NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE

    ens33 a0606da4-d759-4d55-9045-ce43cd812584 802-3-ethernet ens33

       

    nmtui编辑一个连接后,网卡连接配置文件ifcfg-ifname也会相应地改动。直接手工修改ifcfg-ifnamenmtui中用你看到。但不论是用nmtui编辑还是手工修改ifcfg文件,想让新的配置生效,我们需要让 NetworkManager 重新读取该ifcfg配置文件,并重新启用该连接。方法是作为 root 运行以下命令:

    # nmcli connection reload

    或者只重新载入那些有变化的文件 ifcfg-ifname

    # nmcli con load /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ifname

    # nmcli dev con connection-name

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/samits/p/7485956.html
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