• selenium学习记录


    1 声明浏览器对象

    from selenium import webdriver
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome()
    brower = webdriver.Firefox()
    brower = webdriver.Edge()
    brower = webdriver.PhantomJS()
    brower = webdriver.Safari()

    2 访问页面, 使用get方法访问页面

    from selenium import webdriver
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome()
    brower.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    print(brower.page_source)
    brower.close()

    3 查找节点

    from selenium import webdriver
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome()
    brower.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    inputById = brower.find_element_by_id("kw")
    inputBySelector = brower.find_elements_by_css_selector("#kw")
    inputByXpath = brower.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='kw']")
    print(inputById, inputBySelector, inputByXpath)

    以上分别使用id, css选择器, xpath方法获取节点, 结果如下, 是一致的

    4 获取节点

    brower.find_element_by_id()
    # 根据元素ID选择
    brower.find_element_by_name()
    # 根据元素name属性选择
    brower.find_element_by_link_text()
    # 根据元素中的文本部分选择
    brower.find_element_by_partial_link_text()
    # 类似上一个, 有点模糊查询的意思
    brower.find_element_by_xpath()
    # 根据xpath来选择元素
    brower.find_element_by_tag_name()
    # 根据元素名称选择
    brower.find_element_by_class_name()
    # 根据元素类名选择
    brower.find_element_by_css_selector()
    # css选择器,

    此外,selenium提供了一个通用的方法, find_element(),它需要传入两个参数, 查找方式和值 

    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome()
    brower.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    inputFirst = brower.find_element(By.ID, "kw")
    inputSecond = brower.find_element_by_id("kw")
    print(inputFirst == inputSecond)

    可以看到, 以上两个方法完全是等值的,只不过使用起来会更加灵活

    多个节点

    如果要查找的元素在页面中存在多个, 那么使用find_element方法只能查询到第一个元素,这时就要使用find_elements()方法了, 与上面的方法相比仅仅是多了一个s, 查询结果为一个列表。列表中选择元素使用操作列表的方法来操作

    5 页面交互 webdriver浏览器的属性 , 常见如下

    # 获取当前URL
    brower.current_url
    # 获取当前页面源码
    brower.page_source
    # 获取当前title
    brower.title
    # 获取当前测试浏览器名称
    brower.name
    # 回退
    brower.back()
    # 前进
    brower.forward()
    # 获取当前浏览器句柄
    brower.current_window_handle
    # 获取浏览器所有句柄
    brower.window_handles
    # 浏览器最大化
    brower.maximize_window()
    # 退出当前浏览器当前窗口
    brower.quit()
    # 关闭当前浏览器所有窗口
    brower.close()
    # 刷新页面
    brower.refresh()

    6 键盘交互

    from selenium import webdriver
    import time
    from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome("chromedriver.exe")
    brower.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    brower.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("自动化测试")
    time.sleep(3)
    # 删除选择元素中输入的文本, 类似于手动点击Backspace, * N代表点击几次
    brower.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE*5)
    # 空格
    brower.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(Keys.SPACE*4)
    # 输入
    brower.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("学习"*5)
    # ctrl+a
    brower.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, "a")
    # ctrl+x
    brower.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, "x")
    # ctrl+v
    brower.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, "v")
    # 回车
    brower.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

    这个按照组合输入就行了,和键盘一样

    7 ActionChains 类

    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains as AC
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome("chromedriver.exe")
    brower.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    gd = brower.find_element_by_link_text("设置")
    dj = brower.find_element_by_id("su")
    # 鼠标悬停, 右键百度一下, perform(), 执行ActionChains中的操作, 类似于数据库中的commit操作
    AC(brower).move_to_element(gd).context_click(dj).perform()
    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains as AC
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome("chromedriver.exe")
    brower.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    brower.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("自动化测试")
    dj = brower.find_element_by_id("su")
    AC(brower).double_click(dj).perform()
    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains as AC
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome("chromedriver.exe")
    brower.get("http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm")
    dragger = brower.find_element_by_css_selector(".drag")
    item1 = brower.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]")
    AC(brower).drag_and_drop(dragger, item1).perform()

    8 执行JS

    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains as AC
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome("chromedriver.exe")
    brower.get("http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm")
    brower.execute_script("alert('自动化测试')")

    9 获取节点信息

    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains as AC
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome("chromedriver.exe")
    brower.get("http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm")
    dragger = brower.find_element_by_id("dragger")
    # 通过get_attribute(),传入想要获取的属性名, 就可以的到属性值了
    print(dragger.get_attribute("class"))
    # .text. 调用text属性, 获取节点内部文本信息
    print(dragger.text)
    # 获取节点id
    print(dragger.id)
    # 获取相对位置
    print(dragger.location)
    # 获取标签名称
    print(dragger.tag_name)
    # 获取节点大小
    print(dragger.size)

    10 Frame

    11 等待

               隐式等待:比较官方的----当使用隐式等待执行测试的时候, 如果selenium没有Dom中找到节点, 将继续等待, 超出时间就报异常。   

               

    1 from selenium import webdriver
    2 
    3 brower = webdriver.Chrome()
    4 brower.implicitly_wait(10)
    5 brower.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    6 input = brower.find_element_by_id("kw")
    7 print()

           显式等待:比较官方的, 她指定要查找的节点, 然后指点一个最长的等待时间, 如果在规定的时间还没有加载出来这个节点, 就抛出超时异常, 找到就返回这个节点 

         

    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
    from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

    brower = webdriver.Chrome()
    title = brower.title
    brower.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    wait = WebDriverWait(brower, 10)
    inputSk = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "kw")))
    print(inputSk)
    #隐性等待和显性等待可以同时用,但要注意:等待的最长时间取两者之中的大者

     12 expected_conditions模块

       

    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome()
    brower.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    print(brower.title)
    titlebai = brower.title
    # 标题是某内容
    title = EC.title_is(titlebai)
    # 包含部分title
    title2 = EC.title_contains("百度一下")
    # presence_of_element_located 判断某个元素是否被加到dom树下,不代表该元素一定可见
    domElement = EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "kw"))
    # 元素是否可见, 宽高不等于0, 元素没有隐藏
    visibilityElement = EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "kw"))
    # 返回a元素对象列表
    presenceelements = EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.TAG_NAME, "a"))
    # 判断节点中是否包含预期文本
    locator1 = (By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, '新闻')
    ecpresent_in_element = EC.text_to_be_present_in_element(locator1, titlebai)(brower)
    
    locator2 = (By.ID, "su")
    # 判断某个元素中的value属性值是否包含了预期字符串
    present_in_element_value = EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value(locator2, "百度一下")(brower)
    # 有弹窗返回弹窗对象, 没有返回false
    brower.execute_script("alert('现在是有弹窗的')")
    alert_is_present = EC.alert_is_present()(brower)
    # frame_to_be_availabe_and_switch_to_it:判断该frame是否可以switch进去,如果可以,则返回True并且switch进去,否则返回False
    # invisibility_of_element_located:判断某个元素是否不存在于dom树或不可见
    # element_to_be_clickable:判断某个元素是见并且是enable(有效)的,这样的话才叫clickable
    # staleness_of:等某个元素从dom树下移除,返回True或False
    # element_to_be_selected:判断某个元素是否被选中,一般用于select下拉表
    # element_selection_state_to_be 判断某个元素的选中状态是否符合预期
    brower.close()
    print(alert_is_present)

     其他的大同小异

    13 cookie处理

    from selenium import webdriver
    
    brower = webdriver.Chrome("chromedriver.exe")
    brower.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    
    # 增加cookie
    brower.add_cookie({'name':'mytest','value':'myvalue'})
    # 获取全部cookie
    cookies = brower.get_cookies()
    print(cookies)
    # 获取单个cookie
    print(brower.get_cookie('mytest'))
    # 删除cookie
    brower.delete_cookie("mytest")
    brower.close()

    14 截图

    from selenium import webdriver
    import os, sys, time
    brower  = webdriver.Chrome("chromedriver.exe")
    brower.implicitly_wait(5)
    pwd = os.getcwd()
    baseImagePath = os.path.dirname(pwd)+os.path.sep
    current_day = time.strftime("%Y_%m_%d", time.localtime(time.time()))
    current_time = time.strftime("%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S", time.localtime(time.time()))
    imageDir = os.path.join(baseImagePath, "report",current_day+"\")
    imageName = os.path.join(baseImagePath, "report",current_day+"\") + current_time +".png"
    if not os.path.exists(imageDir):
        os.makedirs(imageDir)
    brower.get("https://baidu.com")
    brower.save_screenshot(imageName)
    brower.close()
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sailfan/p/10667981.html
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