转载,原文连接:http://blog.csdn.net/autfish/article/details/51576695
ZooKeeper是一个分布式的,开放源码的分布式应用程序协调服务,提供的功能包括配置维护、名字服务、分布式同步、组服务等。
ZooKeeper会维护一个树形的数据结构,类似于Windows资源管理器目录,其中EPHEMERAL类型的节点会随着创建它的客户端断开而被删除,利用这个特性很容易实现软负载均衡。
基本原理是,每个应用的Server启动时创建一个EPHEMERAL节点,应用客户端通过读取节点列表获得可用服务器列表,并订阅节点事件,有Server宕机断开时触发事件,客户端监测到后把该Server从可用列表中删除。
来看示例,这里用了BIO模型编写了一个接收/应答的小程序用于演示效果,优点就是简单。为了方便后面的改造,客户端每次发送消息时都会读取服务器列表并从新建立连接。后边会看到只需要几十行代码即可改造为使用ZooKeeper的软负载模式。
Server代码
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import java.net.ServerSocket;
- import java.net.Socket;
- public class SimpleServer implements Runnable {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- int port = 18080;
- SimpleServer server = new SimpleServer(port);
- Thread thread = new Thread(server);
- thread.start();
- }
- private int port;
- public SimpleServer(int port) {
- this.port = port;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- ServerSocket server = null;
- try {
- server = new ServerSocket(port);
- System.out.println("Server started");
- Socket socket = null;
- while (true) {
- socket = server.accept();
- new Thread(new SimpleServerHandler(socket)).start();
- }
- } catch(IOException ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- if (server != null) {
- try {
- server.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {}
- }
- }
- }
- }
- class SimpleServerHandler implements Runnable {
- private Socket socket;
- public SimpleServerHandler(Socket socket) {
- this.socket = socket;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- BufferedReader in = null;
- PrintWriter out = null;
- try {
- in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
- this.socket.getInputStream()));
- out = new PrintWriter(this.socket.getOutputStream(), true);
- String body = null;
- while (true) {
- body = in.readLine();
- if (body == null)
- break;
- System.out.println("Receive : " + body);
- out.println("Hello, " + body);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- if (in != null) {
- try {
- in.close();
- } catch (IOException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- if (out != null) {
- out.close();
- }
- if (this.socket != null) {
- try {
- this.socket.close();
- } catch (IOException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- }
- this.socket = null;
- }
- }
- }
- }
客户端代码
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import java.net.Socket;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- public class SimpleClient {
- private static List<String> servers = new ArrayList<>();
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- initServerList();
- SimpleClient client = new SimpleClient();
- BufferedReader console = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
- while (true) {
- String name;
- try {
- name = console.readLine();
- if("exit".equals(name)) {
- System.exit(0);
- }
- client.send(name);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- private static void initServerList() {
- servers.clear();
- servers.add("127.0.0.1:18080");
- }
- public static String getServer() {
- return servers.get(0);
- }
- public SimpleClient() {
- }
- public void send(String name) {
- String server = SimpleClient.getServer();
- String[] cfg = server.split(":");
- Socket socket = null;
- BufferedReader in = null;
- PrintWriter out = null;
- try {
- socket = new Socket(cfg[0], Integer.parseInt(cfg[1]));
- in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
- out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
- out.println(name);
- while(true) {
- String resp = in.readLine();
- if(resp == null)
- break;
- else if(resp.length() > 0) {
- System.out.println("Receive : " + resp);
- break;
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- if (out != null) {
- out.close();
- }
- if (in != null) {
- try {
- in.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- if (socket != null) {
- try {
- socket.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
运行测试,服务器端输出截图:
客户端输出截图:
很好,一切运行正常。
接下来添加ZooKeeper部分。为了演示效果更好,修改一下ZooKeeper的配置文件,以便于服务器断开后能更快的被监测到。主要是减小Session的超时时间
zookeeper/conf/zoo.cfg
- tickTime=2000
- initLimit=2
- syncLimit=5
- dataDir=D:\ZooKeeper\zookeeper-3.4.8\data
- clientPort=2181
- http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperAdmin.html#sc_maintenance
- minSessionTimeout=2000
- maxSessionTimeout=5000
在项目中添加zkclient的maven依赖
- <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.101tec/zkclient -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
- <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
- <version>0.8</version>
- </dependency>
Server代码
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import java.net.ServerSocket;
- import java.net.Socket;
- import org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkClient;
- public class SimpleServer implements Runnable {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- int port = 18080;
- SimpleServer server = new SimpleServer(port);
- Thread thread = new Thread(server);
- thread.start();
- }
- private int port;
- public SimpleServer(int port) {
- this.port = port;
- }
- private void regServer() {
- //向ZooKeeper注册当前服务器
- ZkClient client = new ZkClient("127.0.0.1:2181", 60000, 1000);
- String path = "/test/server" + port;
- if(client.exists(path))
- client.delete(path);
- client.createEphemeral(path, "127.0.0.1:" + port);
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- ServerSocket server = null;
- try {
- server = new ServerSocket(port);
- regServer();
- System.out.println("Server started at " + port);
- Socket socket = null;
- while (true) {
- socket = server.accept();
- new Thread(new SimpleServerHandler(socket)).start();
- }
- } catch(IOException ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- if (server != null) {
- try {
- server.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {}
- }
- }
- }
- }
- //SimpleServerHandler略
客户端代码
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import java.net.Socket;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Arrays;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Random;
- import org.I0Itec.zkclient.IZkChildListener;
- import org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkClient;
- public class SimpleClient {
- private static List<String> servers = new ArrayList<>();
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- initServerList();
- SimpleClient client = new SimpleClient();
- BufferedReader console = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
- while (true) {
- String name;
- try {
- name = console.readLine();
- if("exit".equals(name)) {
- System.exit(0);
- }
- client.send(name);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- private static void initServerList() {
- //启动时从ZooKeeper读取可用服务器
- String path = "/test";
- ZkClient zkClient = new ZkClient("127.0.0.1:2181", 60000, 1000);
- List<String> childs = zkClient.getChildren(path);
- servers.clear();
- for(String p : childs) {
- servers.add(zkClient.readData(path + "/" + p));
- }
- //订阅节点变化事件
- zkClient.subscribeChildChanges("/test", new IZkChildListener() {
- @Override
- public void handleChildChange(String parentPath, List<String> currentChilds)
- throws Exception {
- System.out.println(String.format("[ZookeeperRegistry] service list change: path=%s, currentChilds=%s", parentPath, currentChilds.toString()));
- servers.clear();
- for(String p : currentChilds) {
- servers.add(zkClient.readData(path + "/" + p));
- }
- System.out.println("Servers: " + servers.toString());
- }
- });
- }
- public static String getServer() {
- return servers.get(new Random().nextInt(servers.size()));
- }
- //其他无变化, 略
- }
分别启动Server和Client,然后修改Server的端口号,再启动一个实例,可以看到客户端检测到了这个新服务器的存在
在客户端发送一些消息,可以看到被随机的分发到两个Server上处理
接下来关闭其中一个Server,可以看到客户端几秒钟后监测到这个事件并自动删除了该服务器。
可以看到,基于ZooKeeper实现软负载均衡非常简单,与应用紧密结合,使用灵活。