基本概念
Exchange:消息交换机,它指定消息按什么规则,路由到哪个队列。
Queue:消息队列载体,每个消息都会被投入到一个或多个队列。
Binding:绑定,它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起来。
Routing Key:路由关键字,exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递。
vhost:虚拟主机,一个broker里可以开设多个vhost,用作不同用户的权限分离。
producer:消息生产者,就是投递消息的程序。
consumer:消息消费者,就是接受消息的程序。
channel:消息通道,在客户端的每个连接里,可建立多个channel,每个channel代表一个会话任务。
(2)客户端声明一个exchange,并设置相关属性。
(3)客户端声明一个queue,并设置相关属性。
(4)客户端使用routing key,在exchange和queue之间建立好绑定关系。
(5)客户端投递消息到exchange。
(1)exchange持久化,在声明时指定durable => 1
(2)queue持久化,在声明时指定durable => 1
(3)消息持久化,在投递时指定delivery_mode => 2(1是非持久化)
1.1 启动rabbitmq服务器
1.3 创建用户
1.4 给用户添加管理员角色
1.5 设置用户在虚拟主机上的权限
set_permissions -p vhostSJJ shijunjie ".*" ".*" ".*"
1.6 安装基于web的管理插件
按照上面配置好后,可以在管理界面上看到入下信息
附:rabbitmq的一些常用命令
rabbitmq的安装、启动和停止
rabbitmq-service.bat install
rabbitmq-service.bat start
rabbitmq-service.bat stop
列出所有queue
rabbitmqctl list_queues
列出指定queue的信息
rabbitmqctl list_queues [the queue name] messages_ready messages_unacknowledged
列出所有exchange
rabbitmqctl list_exchanges
列出所有binding
rabbitmqctl list_bindings
安装基于web的管理插件
rabbitmq-plugins.bat enable rabbitmq_management
关闭节点
# rabbitmqctl stop
2.停止RabbitMQ应用
# rabbitmqctl stop_app
3.启动RabbitMQ应用
# rabbitmqctl start_app
4.显示RabbitMQ中间件各种信息
# rabbitmqctl status
5.重置RabbitMQ节点
# rabbitmqctl reset
# rabbitmqctl force_reset
从它属于的任何集群中移除,从管理数据库中移除所有数据,例如配置过的用户和虚拟宿主, 删除所有持久化的消息。
force_reset命令和reset的区别是无条件重置节点,不管当前管理数据库状态以及集群的配置。如果数据库或者集群配置发生错误才使用这个最后 的手段。
注意:只有在停止RabbitMQ应用后,reset和force_reset才能成功。
6.循环日志文件
# rabbitmqctl rotate_logs[suffix]
7.集群管理
# rabbitmqctl cluster clusternode…
用户管理
1.添加用户
# rabbitmqctl add_user username password
2.删除用户
# rabbitmqctl delete_user username
3.修改密码
# rabbitmqctl change_password username newpassword
4.列出所有用户
# rabbitmqctl list_users
权限控制1.创建虚拟主机
# rabbitmqctl add_vhost vhostpath
2.删除虚拟主机
# rabbitmqctl delete_vhost vhostpath
3.列出所有虚拟主机
# rabbitmqctl list_vhosts
4.设置用户权限
# rabbitmqctl set_permissions [-p vhostpath] username regexp regexp regexp
5.清除用户权限
# rabbitmqctl clear_permissions [-p vhostpath] username
6.列出虚拟主机上的所有权限
# rabbitmqctl list_permissions [-p vhostpath]
7.列出用户权限
# rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions username
2.建立一个maven项目.然后我们开始配置项目.
2.1 由于是spring整合,我们需要加入spring的依赖.
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
2.2加入rabbitmq和spring的整合依赖
<!--rabbitmq依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
2.3定义消息生产者和消息发送者
exchange有几种,这里我只测试了两种, 通过分别定义两个exchange去绑定direct和topic..
首先, 定义消息生产者, 通过配置将template链接connect-factory并注入到代码中使用.
package me.shijunjie.producer; import java.io.IOException; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class MessageProducer { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageProducer.class); @Resource(name="amqpTemplate") private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate; @Resource(name="amqpTemplate2") private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate2; public void sendMessage(Object message) throws IOException { logger.info("to send message:{}", message); amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("queueTestKey", message); amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("queueTestChris", message); amqpTemplate2.convertAndSend("shijj.xxxx.wsdwd", message); } }
然后我们定义消息消费者, 这里,我定义了三个消费者, 通过监听消息队列, 分别接受各自所匹配的消息.
第一个消费者, 接受direct的消息, 他的exchange为exchangeTest, rout-key为queueTestKey
package me.shijunjie.consumer; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener; public class MessageConsumer implements MessageListener { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageConsumer.class); @Override public void onMessage(Message message) { logger.info("consumer receive message------->:{}", message); } }
第二个消费者, 接受direct的消息(为了测试一个exchange可以发送多个消息), 他的exchange为exchangeTest, rout-key为queueTestChris.
package me.shijunjie.consumer; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener; public class ChrisConsumer implements MessageListener { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ChrisConsumer.class); @Override public void onMessage(Message message) { logger.info("chris receive message------->:{}", message); } }
第三个消费者, 接受topic的消息他的exchange为exchangeTest2, pattern为shijj.*.. .*可以匹配一个, .#可以匹配一个或多个..
package me.shijunjie.consumer; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener; public class ShijjConsumer implements MessageListener { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ShijjConsumer.class); @Override public void onMessage(Message message) { logger.info("shijj receive message------->:{}", message); } }
然后就是关键rabbit整合spring的配置文件.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.2.xsd"> <!--配置connection-factory,指定连接rabbit server参数 --> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" virtual-host="vhostSJJ" username="shijunjie" password="wssjj123" host="123.206.228.200" port="5672" /> <!-- <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" username="test2" password="test2" host="123.206.228.200" port="5672" /> --> <!--通过指定下面的admin信息,当前producer中的exchange和queue会在rabbitmq服务器上自动生成 --> <rabbit:admin id="connectAdmin" connection-factory="connectionFactory" /> <!--定义queue --> <rabbit:queue name="queueTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" declared-by="connectAdmin" /> <!-- 定义direct exchange,绑定queueTest --> <rabbit:direct-exchange name="exchangeTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false" declared-by="connectAdmin"> <rabbit:bindings> <rabbit:binding queue="queueTest" key="queueTestKey"></rabbit:binding> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:direct-exchange> <!--定义rabbit template用于数据的接收和发送 --> <rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory" exchange="exchangeTest" /> <!-- 消息接收者 --> <bean id="messageReceiver" class="me.shijunjie.consumer.MessageConsumer"></bean> <!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象 --> <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory"> <rabbit:listener queues="queueTest" ref="messageReceiver" /> </rabbit:listener-container> <!--定义queue --> <rabbit:queue name="queueChris" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" declared-by="connectAdmin" /> <!-- 定义direct exchange,绑定queueTest --> <rabbit:direct-exchange name="exchangeTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false" declared-by="connectAdmin"> <rabbit:bindings> <rabbit:binding queue="queueChris" key="queueTestChris"></rabbit:binding> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:direct-exchange> <!-- 消息接收者 --> <bean id="receiverChris" class="me.shijunjie.consumer.ChrisConsumer"></bean> <!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象 --> <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory"> <rabbit:listener queues="queueChris" ref="receiverChris" /> </rabbit:listener-container> <!-- 分隔线 --> <!--配置connection-factory,指定连接rabbit server参数 --> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory2" virtual-host="vhostSJJ" username="shijunjie" password="wssjj123" host="123.206.228.200" port="5672" /> <!--通过指定下面的admin信息,当前producer中的exchange和queue会在rabbitmq服务器上自动生成 --> <rabbit:admin id="connectAdmin2" connection-factory="connectionFactory2" /> <!--定义queue --> <rabbit:queue name="queueShijj" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" declared-by="connectAdmin2" /> <!-- 定义direct exchange,绑定queueTest --> <rabbit:topic-exchange name="exchangeTest2" durable="true" auto-delete="false" declared-by="connectAdmin2"> <rabbit:bindings> <rabbit:binding queue="queueShijj" pattern="shijj.#"></rabbit:binding> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:topic-exchange> <!--定义rabbit template用于数据的接收和发送 --> <rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate2" connection-factory="connectionFactory2" exchange="exchangeTest2" /> <!-- 消息接收者 --> <bean id="recieverShijj" class="me.shijunjie.consumer.ShijjConsumer"></bean> <!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象 --> <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory2"> <rabbit:listener queues="queueShijj" ref="recieverShijj" /> </rabbit:listener-container> </beans>
以及我的application.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd"> <import resource="classpath*:rabbitMQ.xml" /> <!-- 扫描指定package下所有带有如@controller,@services,@resource,@ods并把所注释的注册为Spring Beans --> <context:component-scan base-package="me.shijunjie.consumer, me.shijunjie.producer" /> <!-- 激活annotation功能 --> <context:annotation-config /> <!-- 激活annotation功能 --> <context:spring-configured /> </beans>
3.全部配置完成之后进行测试
package me.shijunjie.test; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import me.shijunjie.producer.MessageProducer; public class TestClass { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestClass.class); private ApplicationContext context = null; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml"); } @Test public void should_send_a_amq_message() throws Exception { MessageProducer messageProducer = (MessageProducer) context.getBean("messageProducer"); int a = 100; while (a > 0) { messageProducer.sendMessage("Hello, I am amq sender num :" + a--); try { //暂停一下,好让消息消费者去取消息打印出来 Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
运行后