• 面向对象5


    1.约束

     1 class BaseMessage(object):
     2     def send(self,x1):
     3         """
     4         必须继承BaseMessage,然后其中必须编写send方法,用于完成具体业务逻辑
     5         """
     6         raise NotImplementedError(".send()必须被重写")
     7 
     8 class Email(BaseMessage):
     9     def send(self,x1):
    10         """
    11         必须继承BaseMessage,然后其中必须编写send方法
    12         """
    13         pass
    14 
    15 obj = Email()
    16 obj.send(1)

    抽象类和抽象方法的约束

     1 from abc import ABCMeta,abstractmethod
     2 
     3 class Base(metaclass=ABCMeta):#抽象类
     4     def f1(self):
     5         print(123)
     6 
     7     @abstractmethod
     8     def f2(self):#抽象方法
     9         pass
    10 
    11 class Foo(Base):
    12     def f2(self):
    13         print(666)
    14 
    15 obj = Foo()
    16 obj.f1()

    接口的作用:接口是一种数据类型,主要用于约束派生类中必须实现指定的方法

    抽象类的作用:约束继承它的派生类必须实现它其中的方法

    抽象方法的作用:约束继承此抽象方法的类的派生类必须实现这个抽象方法

    抽象类加抽象方法和接口的区别:

      接口中不允许写代码,只能约束继承它的类中必须实现指定的方法

      抽象类加抽象方法中可以写代码,约束继承抽象类的派生类中必须实现指定的抽象方法

    2.异常处理

     1 import os
     2 
     3 class ExistsError(Exception):
     4     pass
     5 
     6 class KeyInvalidError(Exception):
     7     pass
     8 
     9 def new_func(path,prev):
    10     """
    11     去path路径的文件中,找到前缀为iprev的一行数据,获取数据并返回给调用者
    12     1000,成功
    13     1001,文件不存在
    14     1002,关键字为空
    15     1003,未知错误
    16     """
    17     reponse = {'code':1000,'data':None}
    18 
    19     try:
    20         if not os.path.exists(path):
    21             raise ExistsError()
    22         if not prev:
    23             raise KeyInvalidError()
    24 
    25     except ExistsError as e:
    26         response['code'] = 1001
    27         response['data'] = "文件不存在"
    28     except KeyInvalidError as e:
    29         response['code'] = 1002
    30         response['data'] = '关键字为空'
    31     except Exception as e:
    32         response['code'] = 1003
    33         response['data'] = '未知错误'
    34     return response

    自定义异常:

     1 class MyException(Exception):
     2     def __init__(self,code,msg):
     3         self.code = code
     4         self.msg = msg
     5 
     6 try:
     7     raise MyException(1000,'操作异常')
     8 
     9 except MyException as obj:
    10     print(obj.code,obj.msg)
    11 
    12 
    13 class MyException(Exception):
    14     def __init(self,code,msg):
    15         self.code = code
    16         self.msg = msg
    17 
    18 try:
    19     raise MyException(1000,'操作异常')
    20 except KeyError as obj:
    21     print(obj,111)
    22 except MyException as obj:
    23     print(obj,222)
    24 except Exception as obj:
    25     print(obj,333)

    3.加密

    1 import hashlib
    2 
    3 def md5(s):
    4     salt = 'efg'
    5     s = s + salt  #加盐
    6     md = hashlib.md5()
    7     md.update(s.encode("utf-8"))
    8     return md.hexdigest()
    9 print(md5("abcd"))

    4.日志

    配置logging基本的设置,然后在控制台输出日志

    1 import logging
    2 logging.basicConfig(level = logging.INFO,format = '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
    3 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
    4 
    5 logger.info("Start print log")
    6 logger.debug("Do something")
    7 logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
    8 logger.info("Finish")

    运行时,在控制台输出:

      

    2018-09-01 17:21:44,389 - __main__ - INFO - Start print log
    2018-09-01 17:21:44,389 - __main__ - WARNING - Something maybe fail.
    2018-09-01 17:21:44,389 - __main__ - INFO - Finish

      logging中可以选择很多消息级别,如debug,info,warning,error以及critical.通过赋予logger或者handler不同的级别,开发者就可以只输出错误信息到特定的记录文件,或者在调试时只记录调试信息

    参数的作用:

    %(levelno)s:打印日志级别的数值
    %(levelname)s:打印日志级别的名称
    %(pathname)s:打印当前执行程序的路径,其实就是sys.argv[0]
    %(filename)s:打印当前执行程序名
    %(funcName)s:打印日志的当前函数
    %(lineno)d:打印日志的当前行号
    %(asctime)s:打印日志的时间
    %(thread)d:打印线程ID
    %(threadName)s:打印线程名称
    %(process)d:打印进程ID
    %(message)s:打印日志信息
    将日志写入文件:
      
     1 import logging
     2 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
     3 logger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)
     4 handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")
     5 handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     6 formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
     7 handler.setFormatter(formatter)
     8 logger.addHandler(handler)
     9 
    10 logger.info("Start print log")
    11 logger.debug("Do something")
    12 logger.warning("Something maybe fail.")
    13 logger.info("Finish")

    log.txt文件中的日志数据为:

    2018-09-01 17:24:45,075 - __main__ - INFO - Start print log
    2018-09-01 17:24:45,076 - __main__ - WARNING - Something maybe fail.
    2018-09-01 17:24:45,076 - __main__ - INFO - Finish


    如果要自定义日志的个数:
     1 import logging
     2 
     3 
     4 # 创建一个操作日志的对象logger(依赖FileHandler)
     5 file_handler = logging.FileHandler('l1.log', 'a', encoding='utf-8')
     6 file_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(fmt="%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s:  %(message)s"))
     7 
     8 logger1 = logging.Logger('s1', level=logging.ERROR)
     9 logger1.addHandler(file_handler)
    10 
    11 
    12 logger1.error('123123123')
    13 
    14 
    15 
    16 # 在创建一个操作日志的对象logger(依赖FileHandler)
    17 file_handler2 = logging.FileHandler('l2.log', 'a', encoding='utf-8')
    18 file_handler2.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(fmt="%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s:  %(message)s"))
    19 
    20 logger2 = logging.Logger('s2', level=logging.ERROR)
    21 logger2.addHandler(file_handler2)
    22 
    23 logger2.error('666')

    这样就生成了两个日志,

    l1.log中写入

    2018-09-01 17:28:01,195 - s1 - ERROR -test0:  123123123
    l2.log中写入:
    2018-09-01 17:28:01,196 - s2 - ERROR -test0:  666



    
    
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/s593941/p/9570991.html
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