最近要写个程序,既有更新的,也有删除的,需要涉及到很多系统表,如果一个表一个表进行更新或者删除太慢了,于是就想通过创建动态内表来实现这些功能,在网上找了一些资料,经过多次尝试,终于测试成功了。网上讲述的创建动态内表的方法大致有两种。我做了一下测试,源代码附后。在这里提醒大家一点,在做动态更新程序的时候,要注意两点:
1.使用modify (p_tabname) from <dyn_wa>. 的时候,一定要确定要更新的字段是不是系统表的关键字段,如果是关键字段的话,需要先删除这条记录,delete (p_tabname) from <dyn_wa>.再进行modify,因为modify进行更新的时候如果不存在就新增,这点一定要注意。
2.如果使用UPDATE进行更新,对于非主键字段的改变还是可以的,但是对于主键字段,只能用MODIFY了。直接对SAP数据做UPDATE和MODIFY是很危险的,不到万不得已,最好不要做这些操作。如果万一出问题,会很严重的。这里就不用更新和删除程序作为测试程序了,直接做一个动态内表ALV显示的测试程序,道理和更新与删除差不多,希望对有这方面需求的朋友有所帮助!
3.最近从同事程序中发现另一种创建动态内表的简便方法,附3中为测试代码。觉得这个方法更简单些……
附1:
1 *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* 2 *& Report YDEMO_RICK 3 *& 4 *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* 5 *& 6 *& 7 *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* 8 REPORT ydemo_rick. 9 10 TYPE-POOLS:abap. 11 PARAMETERS p_name TYPE tabname. 12 DATA lt_table TYPE TABLE OF dfies. "字段结构表 13 DATA ls_table TYPE dfies. 14 DATA lr_struc TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr. 15 DATA lr_table TYPE REF TO cl_abap_tabledescr. 16 DATA lr_type TYPE REF TO cl_abap_typedescr. 17 DATA lr_data TYPE REF TO cl_abap_datadescr. 18 DATA lt_comp TYPE abap_component_tab. 19 DATA ls_comp LIKE LINE OF lt_comp. 20 DATA dyn_wa TYPE REF TO data. 21 DATA dyn_table TYPE REF TO data. 22 DATA l_string TYPE string. 23 FIELD-SYMBOLS: <dyn_table> TYPE STANDARD TABLE, 24 <dyn_wa> TYPE any. 25 26 *1.获取表中的字段结构 27 CALL FUNCTION 'DDIF_NAMETAB_GET' 28 EXPORTING 29 tabname = p_name 30 TABLES 31 dfies_tab = lt_table 32 EXCEPTIONS 33 not_found = 1 34 OTHERS = 2. 35 IF sy-subrc <> 0. 36 MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno 37 WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4 . 38 ENDIF. 39 40 LOOP AT lt_table INTO ls_table. 41 CONCATENATE ls_table-tabname '-' ls_table-fieldname INTO l_string. 42 ls_comp-name = ls_table-fieldname. 43 *读取字段类型 44 CALL METHOD cl_abap_datadescr=>describe_by_name 45 EXPORTING 46 p_name = l_string 47 RECEIVING 48 p_descr_ref = lr_type 49 EXCEPTIONS 50 type_not_found = 1 51 OTHERS = 2. 52 IF sy-subrc <> 0. 53 MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno 54 WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. 55 ENDIF. 56 ls_comp-type ?= lr_type. 57 APPEND ls_comp TO lt_comp. 58 CLEAR ls_comp. 59 ENDLOOP. 60 *根据字段目录创建动态结构类型 61 CALL METHOD cl_abap_structdescr=>create 62 EXPORTING 63 p_components = lt_comp 64 RECEIVING 65 p_result = lr_struc. 66 *根据动态结构创建动态内表类型 67 CALL METHOD cl_abap_tabledescr=>create 68 EXPORTING 69 p_line_type = lr_struc 70 RECEIVING 71 p_result = lr_table. 72 *参照动态结构类型和动态内表类型创建内表与工作区 73 CREATE DATA dyn_wa TYPE HANDLE lr_struc. 74 CREATE DATA dyn_table TYPE HANDLE lr_table. 75 *指定内表与工作区到字段符号 76 ASSIGN dyn_wa->* TO <dyn_wa>. 77 ASSIGN dyn_table->* TO <dyn_table>. 78 79 *从动态表中取数到动态内表中 80 SELECT * INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE <dyn_table> UP TO 100 81 ROWS FROM (p_name). 82 *显示内表中的数据 83 CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' 84 EXPORTING 85 i_structure_name = p_name 86 TABLES 87 t_outtab = <dyn_table> 88 EXCEPTIONS 89 program_error = 1 90 OTHERS = 2. 91 IF sy-subrc <> 0. 92 MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno 93 WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. 94 ENDIF.
附2:
1 *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* 2 *& Report YDEMO_RICK 3 *& 4 *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* 5 *& 6 *& 7 *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* 8 REPORT ydemo_rick. 9 10 TYPE-POOLS:abap. 11 PARAMETERS p_name TYPE tabname. 12 DATA: d_ref TYPE REF TO data, 13 lt_alv_cat TYPE TABLE OF lvc_s_fcat, 14 ls_alv_cat LIKE LINE OF lt_alv_cat. 15 16 DATA: lt_table LIKE TABLE OF dntab. 17 DATA: ls_table TYPE dntab. 18 19 FIELD-SYMBOLS : <dyn_table> TYPE table, 20 <dyn_wa> TYPE any, 21 <dyn_field> TYPE any. 22 *取出表结构的字段目录 23 CALL FUNCTION 'NAMETAB_GET' 24 EXPORTING 25 langu = sy-langu 26 tabname = p_name 27 TABLES 28 nametab = lt_table 29 EXCEPTIONS 30 no_texts_found = 1. 31 *根据取出的字段目录生成参考字段目录 32 LOOP AT lt_table INTO ls_table. 33 ls_alv_cat-fieldname = ls_table-fieldname. 34 ls_alv_cat-ref_table = p_name. 35 ls_alv_cat-ref_field = ls_table-fieldname. 36 APPEND ls_alv_cat TO lt_alv_cat. 37 CLEAR ls_alv_cat. 38 ENDLOOP. 39 *内表创建 40 CALL METHOD cl_alv_table_create=>create_dynamic_table 41 EXPORTING 42 it_fieldcatalog = lt_alv_cat 43 IMPORTING 44 ep_table = d_ref. 45 *指定生成的内表到字段符号 46 ASSIGN d_ref->* TO <dyn_table>. 47 *从动态表中取数到动态内表中 48 SELECT * INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE <dyn_table> UP TO 100 49 ROWS FROM (p_name). 50 *显示内表中的数据 51 CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' 52 EXPORTING 53 i_structure_name = p_name 54 TABLES 55 t_outtab = <dyn_table> 56 EXCEPTIONS 57 program_error = 1 58 OTHERS = 2. 59 IF sy-subrc <> 0. 60 MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno 61 WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. 62 ENDIF.
程序显示截图如上所示:
附3:
1 *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* 2 *& Report YDEMO_RICK 3 *& 4 *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* 5 *& 6 *& 7 *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* 8 REPORT ydemo_rick. 9 10 PARAMETERS p_name TYPE tabname. 11 12 DATA: dyn_table TYPE REF TO data. 13 DATA: dyn_wa TYPE REF TO data. 14 15 FIELD-SYMBOLS: <dyn_table> TYPE table, 16 <dyn_wa> TYPE any. 17 18 *创建动态表结构 19 CREATE DATA dyn_table TYPE TABLE OF (p_name). 20 *创建动态内表 21 ASSIGN dyn_table->* TO <dyn_table>. 22 *创建动态工作区结构 23 CREATE DATA dyn_wa LIKE LINE OF <dyn_table>. 24 *创建动态工作区 25 ASSIGN dyn_wa->* TO <dyn_wa>. 26 27 *从动态表中取数到动态内表中 28 SELECT * INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE <dyn_table> UP TO 100 29 ROWS FROM (p_name). 30 *对取出数据进行处理 31 LOOP AT <dyn_table> ASSIGNING <dyn_wa>. 32 "内表数据处理 33 ENDLOOP. 34 *显示内表中的数据 35 CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' 36 EXPORTING 37 i_structure_name = p_name 38 TABLES 39 t_outtab = <dyn_table> 40 EXCEPTIONS 41 program_error = 1 42 OTHERS = 2. 43 IF sy-subrc <> 0. 44 MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno 45 WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. 46 ENDIF.
程序显示截图如上所示: