自动化学习-Day06

安装第三方模块的方式：
        1、pip install xxxx
        2、.whl
            pip install c:/user/niuhanyang/desktop/xxx.whl
        3、.tar.gz
            1、先解压
            2、解压之后在命令行里面进入到这个目录下
            3、执行python setup.py install

    python3.5 -m pip insatll xxx

    python2 -m pip insatll xxx

    python3.6 -m pip insatll xxx

import 模块顺序：
    1、从当前目录下找该文件
    2、从环境变量的目录里面找
导入模块的实质是什么：
    就是把这个python文件从头到尾执行一次

#手动添加环境变量
import sys
print(sys.path)
sys.path.append(r'D:day06')
print(sys.path)

列表生成式

res = []
for i in range(1,34):
    res.append(str(i).zfill(2))
print(res)

res = [str(i).zfill(2) for i in range(1,34)]
print(res)
l = [i for i in range(10)]
print(l)

import random
all_red_ball = [str(i).zfill(2) for i in range(1, 34)]
all_blue_ball = [str(i).zfill(2) for i in range(1, 17)]
def gen_seq():
    blue = random.choice(all_blue_ball)
    red = random.sample(all_red_ball,6)
    red = ' '.join(red)
    return '红球:%s 篮球:%s'%(red,blue)
all_seq=set()
num = int(input('请输入要产生多少条双色球:').strip())
while len(all_seq) != num:
    # res = gen_password1()+'
'
    res = gen_seq()+'
'
    #xbA17

    all_seq.add(res)
with open('passwords.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as fw:
    fw.writelines(all_seq)

OS模块

import os
os.rename(old,new)#重命名
os.remove(f)#删除文件

os.mkdir('china/beijing') #创建文件夹
os.makedirs('china/beijing') #父目录不存在的时候会帮你创建
os.removedirs('china')#只能删除空文件夹

print(os.listdir())#显示该目录下面的所有文件和文件夹
print(os.path.isdir('china1'))#判断是否是文件夹
print(os.path.isfile('china'))#判断是否是文件
print(os.path.exists('china'))#判断文件或者文件夹是否存在

res = os.system('ipconfig')#执行操作系统命令 ls]
print('res...',res)
res = os.popen('ipconfig').read()#用来执行操作系统命令
print(res)

print(os.path.join('china','beijing','haidian','changping','a.py'))#拼路径
res = os.path.split(r'chinaeijinghaidianchangpinga.py')#用来分割文件名和路径
print(res)

res = os.path.dirname(r'chinaeijinghaidianchangpinga.py')#取父目录
print(res)
print(os.path.getsize('笔记.txt'))#单位是字节
print(os.getcwd())#取当前的目录
print(os.chdir(r'C:Users
hyPycharmProjectsjnzday5'))#进入到哪个目录下
print(os.getcwd())#取当前的目录

统计目录下有多少个指定类型文件

import os
res = os.walk(r'china')
count = 0
for cur_path, dirs, files in res:
    print(cur_path)
    for f in files:
        if f.endswith('.py'):
            count += 1
            os.remove(os.path.join(cur_path,f))
print(count)

import os
def find_file(path,keyword):
    res = os.walk(path)
    for cur_path,dirs,files in res:
        for file_name in files:
            if keyword in file_name:
                print('该文件在%s下面'%cur_path)

find_file(r'C:\','9e7aaf5865c7eb142addd44ffeb11eeb938140e6211dfbca9cd9463c5cc67113.png')

time模块

import time
res = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') #取当前的格式化日期
res = time.time()#获取当前的时间戳

#将时间转回时间戳
time_tuple = time.strptime('2038-08-29 19:23:59','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')#把格式化好的时间转成时间元组
print(time.mktime(time_tuple))


def str_to_timestamp(time_str=None,format='%Y%m%d%H%M%S'):
    #格式化好的时间转时间戳的
    #不传参数的话返回当前的时间戳
    if time_str:
        time_tuple = time.strptime(time_str, format)  # 把格式化好的时间转成时间元组
        timestamp = time.mktime(time_tuple)
    else:
        timestamp = time.time()
    return int(timestamp)

res = time.localtime(time.time())#是把时间戳转时间元组的，当前时区
res2 = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',res)
print(res2)


def timestamp_to_strtime(timestamp=None,format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'):
    #这个函数是用来把时间戳转成格式化好的时间
    #如果不传时间戳的话，那么就返回当前的时间
    if timestamp:
        time_tuple = time.localtime(timestamp)
        str_time = time.strftime(format,time_tuple)
    else:
        str_time = time.strftime(format)
    return str_time


#用当前的时间戳+50年的秒数，时间戳转成格式化好的时间

five = str_to_timestamp() - (5*24*60*60)
res = timestamp_to_strtime(five)
print('50年后的时间是',res)

第三方模块

import xpinyin
s = xpinyin.Pinyin()
pinyin = s.get_pinyin('你好','')
print(pinyin)

import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host=host,password=password,
                user=user,db=db,port=port,
                charset=charset,autocommit=True
                )#建立连接

cur= conn.cursor() #建立游标
cur.execute()#只是帮你执行sql语句
print(cur.fetchall())#获取数据库里面的所有的结果
print('fetchone',cur.fetchone())
sql='insert into app_myuser (username,passwd,is_admin) VALUE ("python123456","123456",1);'
sql='select * from app_myuser limit 5;'
cur.execute(sql)
print(cur.description)#获取这个表里面的所有字段信息
conn.commit()#提交
cur.close()
conn.close()

def my_db(ip,user,password,db,sql,port=3306,charset='utf8'):
    conn = pymysql.connect(
        host=ip,user=user,password=password,
        db=db,
        port=port,charset=charset,autocommit=True
    )
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute(sql)
    res = cur.fetchall()
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
    return res

def my_db2(sql):
    conn = pymysql.connect(
        host='118.24.3.40',user='jxz',password='123456',
        db='jxz',
        port=3306,charset='utf8',autocommit=True
    )
    pass

hashlib加密模块

import hashlib
password='123123'
print(password.encode())#转成二进制类型的才可以加密
m = hashlib.md5(password.encode())
print(m.hexdigest())

def my_md5(s:str,salt=None):
    #salt是盐值
    s = str(s)
    if salt:
        s = s+salt
    m = hashlib.md5(s.encode())
    return m.hexdigest()

Excel操作

#读Excel
import xlrd

book = xlrd.open_workbook('stu.xls')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)
# sheet = book.sheet_by_name('sheet1')
print(sheet.nrows) #excel里面有多少行
print(sheet.ncols) #excel里面有多少列

print(sheet.cell(0,0).value) #获取到指定单元格的内容
print(sheet.cell(0,1).value) #获取到指定单元格的内容

print(sheet.row_values(0))#获取到整行的内容
# print(sheet.col_values(0))#获取到整行的内容

for i in range(sheet.nrows):#循环获取每行的内容
    print(sheet.row_values(i))

#写Excel
import xlutils
book = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = book.add_sheet('sheet1')
sheet.write(0,0,'id')#指定行和lie写内容
sheet.write(0,1,'username')
sheet.write(0,2,'password')

stus = [
    [1,'njf','1234'],
    [2,'xiaojun','1234'],
    [3,'hailong','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
    [4,'xiaohei','1234'],
]
line = 0 #控制的是行
for stu in stus:#行
    col = 0
    for s in stu:

        sheet.write(line,col,s)
        col+=1
    line+=1

book.save('stu.xls')# .xlsx

#修改Excel

import xlrd
from xlutils import copy
book = xlrd.open_workbook('stu.xls')
#先用xlrd打开一个Excel
new_book = copy.copy(book)
#然后用xlutils里面的copy功能，复制一个Excel
sheet = new_book.get_sheet(0)#获取sheet页
sheet.write(0,1,'芳')
sheet.write(1,1,'军')
new_book.save('stu.xls')

生成密码

import random
import string

def gen_password1():
    pwd_len = random.randint(8,16)
    upper = random.sample(string.ascii_uppercase,1)
    lower = random.sample(string.ascii_lowercase,1)
    digit = random.sample(string.digits,1)
    punctuation = random.sample(string.punctuation,1)
    other = random.sample(string.ascii_letters+string.digits+string.punctuation
                  ,pwd_len-4)
    res = upper+lower+digit+punctuation+other
    random.shuffle(res)
    return ''.join(res)

def gen_password2():
    pwd_len = random.randint(8,16)
    all_str = string.ascii_letters+string.digits+string.punctuation
    res = set(random.sample(all_str,pwd_len))
    if res & set(string.ascii_lowercase) and res & set(string.digits) 
         and res & set(string.ascii_uppercase) and res & set(string.punctuation):
        return ''.join(res)
    return gen_password2()



all_passwords=set()
num = int(input('请输入要产生多少条密码:').strip())
while len(all_passwords) != num:
    # res = gen_password1()+'
'
    res = gen_password2()+'
'
    #xbA17

    all_passwords.add(res)
with open('passwords.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as fw:
    fw.writelines(all_passwords)