首先,转发自yangbobo1992的
<jsp:include>和<%@include%>的区别
这个是我见过写的最好的之一
<%@include%>和<jsp:include>的区别,发现了一些东西的。
首先说说对这两句话的理解
<%@ include file=""%> <jsp:include page=""/> 是这两个吧? 共同点:两者都是在请求时包含另一个页面进来! 不同点: 前者:不合适包含动态页面,因为用它包含动态页面时,它并不会去检查所包含文件所发生的变化!所以适应于html页面,不能传任何参数。 后者:合适包含动态页面,它会去定时检查所包含文件的变化,适应用jsp等动态页面,并且可以传参数
我对上面的理解是include指令包含文件就是单纯的文件合并,合并城一个文件jsp文件然后编译成一个文件,这种包含之后被包含的文件如果发生变化,比如在生产环境中替换了一个jsp此时和没有替换是一样的,因为没有再次编译
include动作就不一样了,它会生成各自编译成一个servlet文件(猜测是一个servlet文件),然后通过request和response再把jsp中的内容传给要合如的jsp(即就是编译后的sevlet文件),同样在生产环境中替换了一个被包含的jsp那么当这种变化被检测到时应该就会再合入一次(纯属个人推理)
<%@include%>:页面请求之前预编译,所有代码包含进来之后,一起进行处理,把所有代码合在一起,编译成一个servlet
<jsp:include>:所有代码分别处理,在页面被请求的时候才编译,被编译成多个servlet,页面语法相对独立,处理完成之后再将代码的显示结果(处理结果)组合进来。
JSP中的两种包含页面的方法
第一种:include指令:当JSP转换成Servlet时引入指定文件
<%@ pagecontentType="text/html;charset=GB2312" language="Java"errorPage=""%>
<%@ include file="head.jsp"%>
<%@ include file="body.jsp"%>
<%@ include file="tail.jsp"%>
第二种:<jsp:include>动作元素:当JSP页面被请求时引入指定文件
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GB2312"language="java" errorPage=""%>
<jsp:include page="head.jsp"/>
<jsp:include page="body.jsp"/>
<jsp:include page="tail.jsp"/>
第二种方法可以很方便的用<jsp:param>来向所包含页传递参数,方法如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GB2312"language="java" errorPage=""%>
<jsp:include page="head.jsp"/>
<jsp:includepage="body.jsp">
<jsp:param name="uid"value="username"/>
<jsp:param name="pwd"value="password"/>
</jsp:include>
<jsp:includepage="tail.jsp"/>
<jsp:include> :动态包含
第一种情况(<jsp:include>包含的是html文件):
DynamicInclude.jsp:
@pagecontentType""%>
<html>
<head>
<title>动态包含</title>
</head>
<bodystyle="background-color:lightblue">
<jsp:include page="header.html"flush="true"/><!--动态包含-->
<tableborder="1" align="center">
<tr>
<td>姓名</td><td>性别</td><td>年龄</td><td>爱好</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>a</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>d</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Header.html :
<h2style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:25px;text-align:center">
动态包含的标题(HTML)
</h2>
运行之后,只生成一个servlet,和上面的代码对应如下:
out.write("
");
out.write("<html>
");
out.write(" <head>
");
out.write(" <title>动态包含</title>
");
out.write(" </head>
");
out.write(" <bodystyle="background-color:lightblue">
");
out.write("
");
out.write(" ");
<span style="color:#ff0000;">org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(request,response, "header.html", out, true);</span>
out.write("<!--动态包含-->
");
out.write("
");
out.write(" <table border="1"align="center">
");
out.write(" <tr>
");
out.write(" <td>姓名</td><td>性别</td><td>年龄</td><td>爱好</td>
");
out.write(" </tr>
");
out.write(" <tr>
");
out.write(" <td>a</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>d</td>
");
out.write(" </tr>
");
out.write(" </table>
");
out.write(" </body>
");
out.write("</html>");
第二种情况(<jsp:include>包含的是jsp文件):
DynamicInclude.jsp:
@pagecontentType""%>
<html>
<head>
<title>动态包含</title>
</head>
<bodystyle="background-color:lightblue">
<jsp:include page="header.jsp"flush="true"/><!--动态包含-->
<tableborder="1" align="center">
<tr>
<td>姓名</td><td>性别</td><td>年龄</td><td>爱好</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>a</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>d</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Header.jsp :
@pagecontentType""%>
<html>
<body>
<h2style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:25px;text-align:center">
动态包含的标题(JSP)
</h2>
</body>
</html>
运行之后,生成了两个servlet:DynamicInclude_jsp.java和header_jsp.java,这也是为什么 Header.jsp中要写上<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312"%>和完整的<html></html>和<body></body>,而Header.html不用写的原因。因为前者两个.jsp文件是两个相互独立的整体,它们之间的关系是通过request和reponse来发生的,而后者只是简单的嵌套。两个servlet对应的代码如下:
DynamicInclude_jsp.java:
out.write("
");
out.write("<html>
");
out.write(" <head>
");
out.write(" <title>动态包含</title>
");
out.write(" </head>
");
out.write(" <bodystyle="background-color:lightblue">
");
out.write("
");
out.write(" ");
<span style="color:#ff0000;">org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(request,response, "header.jsp", out, true);</span>
out.write("<!--动态包含-->
");
out.write("
");
out.write(" <table border="1"align="center">
");
out.write(" <tr>
");
out.write(" <td>姓名</td><td>性别</td><td>年龄</td><td>爱好</td>
");
out.write(" </tr>
");
out.write(" <tr>
");
out.write(" <td>a</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>d</td>
");
out.write(" </tr>
");
out.write(" </table>
");
out.write(" </body>
");
out.write("</html>");
header_jsp.java:
out.write(" "); out.write("<html> "); out.write(" <body> "); out.write(" <h2 style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:25px;text-align:center"> "); out.write(" 动态包含的标题(JSP) "); out.write(" </h2> "); out.write(" </body> "); out.write("</html>");
<%@include%>:静态包含
第一种情况:<%@include%>包含的是jsp文件。
StaticInclude.jsp:
@pagecontentType""%>
<html>
<head>
<title>静态包含</title>
</head>
<bodystyle="background-color:lightblue">
@include file""<!--静态包含-->
<tableborder="1" align="center">
<tr>
<td>姓名</td><td>性别</td><td>年龄</td><td>爱好</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>a</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>d</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
header.jsp:
@pagecontentType""%>
<h2style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:25px;text-align:center">
静态包含的标题(JSP)
</h2>
运行之后,只生成一个servlet,和上面的代码对应如下:
out.write(" "); out.write("<html> "); out.write(" <head> "); out.write(" <title>静态包含</title> "); out.write(" </head> "); out.write(" <body style="background-color:lightblue"> "); out.write(" "); out.write(" "); out.write(" "); <span style="color:#ff0000;">out.write("<h2style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:25px;text-align:center"> "); out.write(" 静态包含的标题(JSP) "); out.write("</h2>");</span> out.write("<!--静态包含--> "); out.write(" <table border="1"align="center"> "); out.write(" <tr> "); out.write(" <td>姓名</td><td>性别</td><td>年龄</td><td>爱好</td> "); out.write(" </tr> "); out.write(" <tr> "); out.write(" <td>a</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>d</td> "); out.write(" </tr> "); out.write(" </table> "); out.write(" </body> "); out.write("</html>");
第二种情况:<%@include%>包含的是html文件。
StaticInclude.jsp:
@pagecontentType""%>
<html>
<head>
<title>静态包含</title>
</head>
<bodystyle="background-color:lightblue">
@include file""<!--静态包含-->
<tableborder="1" align="center">
<tr>
<td>姓名</td><td>性别</td><td>年龄</td><td>爱好</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>a</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>d</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
header.html:
@pagecontentType""%>
<h2style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:25px;text-align:center">
静态包含的标题(HTML)
</h2>
运行之后,也是只生成一个servlet,和上面的代码对应如下:
out.write(" "); out.write("<html> "); out.write(" <head> "); out.write(" <title>静态包含</title> "); out.write(" </head> "); out.write(" <bodystyle="background-color:lightblue"> "); out.write(" "); out.write(" "); out.write(" "); <span style="color:#ff0000;">out.write("<h2style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:25px;text-align:center"> "); out.write(" 静态包含的标题(HTML) "); out.write("</h2>");</span> out.write("<!--静态包含--> "); out.write(" <table border="1"align="center"> "); out.write(" <tr> "); out.write(" <td>姓名</td><td>性别</td><td>年龄</td><td>爱好</td> "); out.write(" </tr> "); out.write(" <tr> "); out.write(" <td>a</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>d</td> "); out.write(" </tr> "); out.write(" </table> "); out.write(" </body> "); out.write("</html>");
由上可以总结出:
对于静态包含,<%@include%>,中包含的文件,只是简单的嵌入到主文件中,就是在jsp页面转化成Servlet时才嵌入到主文件中,因为运行的结果是只生成了一个Servlet。
而对于动态包含<jsp:incude>,如果被包含文件是动态的,那 么就会生成两个Servlet,也就是被包含文件也要经过jsp引擎编译执行生成一个Servlet,两个Servlet通过request和 reponse进行通信。如果被包含的文件是静态的,那么这种情况和<%@include>就很相似,只生成了一个Servlet,但是他们 之间没有进行简单的嵌入,而依然是通过request和reponse进行的通信。