今天来看大家介绍树,树是一种非线性的数据结构,树是由n个结点组成的有限集合,如果n=0,称为空树;如果n>0,则:有一个特定的称之为根的结点,它只有直接后继,但没有直接前驱;除根以外的其他结点划分为m个互不相交的有限集合,每个集合又是一棵树,并且称之为根的子树。
如图
树的一些基本概念
l 树的结点包含一个数据以及若干指向子树的分支
l 结点拥有的子树数称为结点的度
u 度为0的结点称为叶结点
u 度不为0的结点称为分支结点
l 树的度定义为所有结点中的度的最大值
l 结点的直接后继称为该结点的孩子
u 相应的,该结点称为孩子的双亲
l 结点的孩子的孩子的.....称为该结点的子孙
u 相应的,该结点称为子孙的祖先
l 同一个双亲的孩子之间互称兄弟
l 树中结点的最大层次称为树的深度或高度
l 森林是由n(n>=0)棵互不相交的树组成的集合
在这里,我们用通用树结构来给大家介绍树的一些基本操作和操作实现。通用树的存储结构为:
这里介绍通用树的常用操作:
l 创建树
l 销毁树
l 清空树
l 插入结点到树中
l 删除结点
l 获取某个结点
l 获取根结点
l 获取树的高度
l 获取总结点数
l 获取树的度
l 输出树
代码总分为三个文件:
GTree.h : 放置功能函数的声明,以及树的声明,以及数据的声明
GTree.c : 放置功能函数的定义,以及树结点和组织链表结点的定义
Main.c : 主函数,使用功能函数完成各种需求,一般用作测试
整体结构图为:
这里详细说下插入结点操作,删除结点操作:
插入结点操作:
如图:
删除结点操作:
如图:
OK! 上代码:
GTree.h :
#ifndef _GTREE_H_ #define _GTREE_H_ typedef void GTree; typedef void GTreeData; typedef void (GTree_Printf)(GTreeData*); GTree* GTree_Create(); void GTree_Destroy(GTree* tree); void GTree_Clear(GTree* tree); int GTree_Insert(GTree* tree, GTreeData* data, int pPos); GTreeData* GTree_Delete(GTree* tree, int pos); GTreeData* GTree_Get(GTree* tree, int pos); GTreeData* GTree_Root(GTree* tree); int GTree_Height(GTree* tree); int GTree_Count(GTree* tree); int GTree_Degree(GTree* tree); void GTree_Display(GTree* tree, GTree_Printf* pFunc, int gap, char div); #endif
GTree.c :
#include <stdio.h> #include <malloc.h> #include "GTree.h" #include "LinkList.h" typedef struct _tag_GTreeNode GTreeNode; struct _tag_GTreeNode { GTreeData* data; GTreeNode* parent; LinkList* child; }; typedef struct _tag_TLNode TLNode; struct _tag_TLNode { LinkListNode header; GTreeNode* node; }; GTree* GTree_Create() { return LinkList_Create(); } void GTree_Destroy(GTree* tree) { GTree_Clear(tree); LinkList_Destroy(tree); } void GTree_Clear(GTree* tree) { GTree_Delete(tree, 0); } int GTree_Insert(GTree* tree, GTreeData* data, int pPos) { LinkList* list = (LinkList*)tree; int ret = (NULL!=list) && (NULL!=data) && (pPos<LinkList_Length(list)); if(ret) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)malloc(sizeof(TLNode)); TLNode* cldNode = (TLNode*)malloc(sizeof(TLNode)); TLNode* pNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(list, pPos); GTreeNode* cNode = (GTreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(GTreeNode)); ret = (NULL!=trNode) && (NULL!=cldNode) && (NULL!=cNode); if(ret) { cNode->data = data; cNode->parent = NULL; cNode->child = LinkList_Create(); trNode->node = cNode; cldNode->node = cNode; LinkList_Insert(list, (LinkListNode*)trNode, LinkList_Length(list)); if(NULL != pNode) { cNode->parent = pNode->node; LinkList_Insert(pNode->node->child, (LinkListNode*)cldNode, LinkList_Length(pNode->node->child)); } else { free(cldNode); } } else { free(trNode); free(cldNode); free(cNode); } } return ret; } static int recursive_height(GTreeNode* node) { int ret = 0; if(NULL != node) { int subHeight = 0; int i = 0; for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(node->child); i++) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, i); subHeight = recursive_height(trNode->node); if(ret < subHeight) { ret = subHeight; } } ret = ret+1; } return ret; } int GTree_Height(GTree* tree) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, 0); int ret = 0; if(NULL != trNode) { ret = recursive_height(trNode->node); } return ret; } static void recursive_delete(LinkList* list, GTreeNode* node) { if((NULL != list) && (NULL != node)) { GTreeNode* parent = node->parent; int index = -1; int i = 0; for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(list); i++) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(list, i); if(node == trNode->node) { LinkList_Delete(list, i); free(trNode); index = i; break; } } if(0 <= index) { if(NULL != parent) { for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(parent->child); i++) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(parent->child, i); if(node == trNode->node) { LinkList_Delete(parent->child, i); free(trNode); break; } } } while(0 < LinkList_Length(node->child)) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, 0); recursive_delete(list, trNode->node); } LinkList_Destroy(node->child); free(node); } } } GTreeData* GTree_Delete(GTree* tree, int pos) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, pos); GTreeData* ret = NULL; if(NULL != trNode) { ret = trNode->node->data; recursive_delete(tree, trNode->node); } return ret; } GTreeData* GTree_Get(GTree* tree, int pos) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, pos); GTreeData* ret = NULL; if(NULL != trNode) { ret = trNode->node->data; } return ret; } GTreeData* GTree_Root(GTree* tree) { return GTree_Delete(tree, 0); } int GTree_Count(GTree* tree) { return LinkList_Length(tree); } static int recursive_degree(GTreeNode* node) { int ret = -1; if(NULL != node) { int subDegree = 0; int i = 0; ret = LinkList_Length(node->child); for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(node->child); i++) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, i); subDegree = recursive_degree(trNode->node); if(ret < subDegree) { ret = subDegree; } } } return ret; } int GTree_Degree(GTree* tree) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, 0); int ret = -1; if(NULL != trNode) { ret = recursive_degree(trNode->node); } return ret; } static void recursive_display(GTreeNode* node, GTree_Printf* pFunc, int format, int gap, char div) { int i = 0; if((NULL != node) && (NULL != pFunc)) { for(i=0; i<format; i++) { printf("%c", div); } pFunc(node->data); printf(" "); for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(node->child); i++) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, i); recursive_display(trNode->node, pFunc, format+gap, gap, div); } } } void GTree_Display(GTree* tree, GTree_Printf* pFunc, int gap, char div) { TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, 0); if((NULL != trNode) && (NULL != pFunc)) { recursive_display(trNode->node, pFunc, 0, gap, div); } }
Main.c :
#include <stdio.h> #include "GTree.h" void printf_data(GTreeData* data) { printf("%c", (int)data); } int main(void) { GTree* tree = GTree_Create(); int i = 0; GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'A', -1); GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'B', 0); GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'C', 0); GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'D', 0); GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'E', 1); GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'F', 1); GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'H', 3); GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'I', 3); GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'J', 3); printf("Tree Height: %d ", GTree_Height(tree)); printf("Tree Degree: %d ", GTree_Degree(tree)); printf("Full Tree: "); GTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 2, '-'); printf("Get Tree Data: "); for(i=0; i<GTree_Count(tree); i++) { printf_data(GTree_Get(tree, i)); printf(" "); } printf("Get Root Data: "); printf_data(GTree_Root(tree)); printf(" "); GTree_Delete(tree, 3); printf("After Deleting D: "); GTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 2, '-'); GTree_Clear(tree); printf("After Clearing Tree: "); GTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 2, '.'); GTree_Destroy(tree); return 0; }