Spring MVC（一）五大核心组件和配置

一,五大核心组件

　　1.DispatcherServlet　　请求入口

　　2.HandlerMapping　　请求派发,负责请求和控制器建立一一对应的关系

　　3.Controller　　　　　处理器

　　4.ModelAndView　　　封装模型信息和视图信息

　　5.ViewResolver　　　　视图处理器,定位页面

二,Spring MVC的编写步骤(访问WEB-INF下的.jsp)

　　1.建立项目,导入jar包(ioc mvc)并且拷贝Spring容器中对应的配置文件到src下,并且在WEB-INF下创建一个hello.jsp

　　2.在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet并通过初始化参数contextConfigLocation指定Spring容器对应的配置文件

　　3.在Spring配置文件中配置HandlerMapping的实现类SimpleUrlHandlerMapping

　　4.写一个控制器类实现Controller接口,控制器方法中返回ModelAndView,在Spring容器中配置控制器

　　5.配置ViewResolver的实现类internalResourceViewResolver

如图:

配置DispatcherServlet

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1">
 3   <display-name>spring-mvc</display-name>
 4   <welcome-file-list>
 5     <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
 6     <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
 7     <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
 8     <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
 9     <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10     <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11   </welcome-file-list>
12   <!-- 配置请求入口 -->
13   <servlet>
14       <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
15       <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
16       <!-- 配置初始化参数 -->
17       <init-param>
18           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
19           <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
20       </init-param>
21   </servlet>
22   <servlet-mapping>
23       <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
24       <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
25   </servlet-mapping>
26 </web-app>

View Code

配置HandlerMapping

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 5     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  
 6     xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" 
 7     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 8     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
 9     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
10     xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
11     xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
12     xsi:schemaLocation="
13         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
14         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
15         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
16         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.1.xsd
17         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
18         http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
19         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
20         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
21         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd">
22     <!-- 配置请求分发器,让请求和控制器之间建立一一对应关系 -->
23     <bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
24         <property name="mappings">
25             <props>
26                 <prop key="/toHello.do">helloController</prop>
27             </props>
28         </property>
29     </bean>
30     <!-- 配置控制器 -->
31     <bean id="helloController" class="com.xcz.controller.ToHelloController"></bean>
32 </beans>

View Code

配置ViewResolver

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 5     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  
 6     xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" 
 7     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 8     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
 9     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
10     xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
11     xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
12     xsi:schemaLocation="
13         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
14         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
15         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
16         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.1.xsd
17         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
18         http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
19         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
20         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
21         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd">
22     <!-- 配置视图处理器 -->
23     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
24         <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"></property>
25         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
26     </bean>
27 </beans>

View Code

最终配置结果

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 5     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  
 6     xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" 
 7     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 8     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
 9     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
10     xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
11     xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
12     xsi:schemaLocation="
13         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
14         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
15         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
16         http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.1.xsd
17         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
18         http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
19         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
20         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
21         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd">
22     <!-- 配置请求分发器,让请求和控制器之间建立一一对应关系 -->
23     <bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
24         <property name="mappings">
25             <props>
26                 <prop key="/toHello.do">helloController</prop>
27             </props>
28         </property>
29     </bean>
30     <!-- 配置控制器 -->
31     <bean id="helloController" class="com.xcz.controller.ToHelloController"></bean>
32     <!-- 配置视图处理器 -->
33     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
34         <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"></property>
35         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
36     </bean>
37 </beans>

View Code

最后开启服务,在浏览器上输入localhost:端口号/项目名/toHello.do,看到如下界面,说明配置成功

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/resultset/p/9311255.html