Linux + Apache + MySQL 环境下OSQA部署

OSQA是开源的问答网站，采用Python的Django框架开发。按照官方的安装指南，在安装过程中出现了一些问题，现将试验成功的方法总结下。

官方的安装指南: http://wiki.osqa.net/display/docs/Ubuntu+with+Apache+and+MySQL?focusedCommentId=3539023#comment-3539023

安装环境：linuxmint11, python2.7, django1.3, apache2.2。

本文中，linux的用户名为neil，在安装过程中一些路径请注意替换为真实路径。

1.  下载OSQA

1)  svn下载

sudo apt-get install subversion #下载subversion

svn co http://svn.osqa.net/svnroot/osqa/trunk/ /home/neil/osqa-server #下载osqa到指定文件夹

2)  主页下载

 http://www.osqa.net/download/

2.  安装Apache

sudo apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi

3.   更新OSQA WSGI脚本

在/home/neil/osqa-server目录下新建一个文件osqa.wsgi，并输入如下内容

import os
import sys
sys.path.append('/home/neil')
sys.path.append('/home/neil/osqa-server')
# The first part of this module name should be identical to the directory name
# of the OSQA source.  For instance, if the full path to OSQA is
# /home/osqa/osqa-server, then the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE should have a value
# of 'osqa-server.settings'.
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'osqa-server.settings'
import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

4.  移除默认的Apache配置（可选）

官网说这个服务器只用于osqa，因此可以移除Apache的默认配置。

sudo rm /etc/apache2/sites-available/default\
    /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl\
    /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default

5.  为Apache添加OSQA的配置

新建并打开一个osqa配置文件

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/osqa #官网是用vim打开的，由于我的机器上没有vim，我用的是gedit

填入如下配置信息

# Must be readable and writable by apache
WSGISocketPrefix ${APACHE_RUN_DIR}

#NOTE: all urs below will need to be adjusted if
#settings.FORUM_SCRIPT_ALIAS !='' (e.g. = 'forum/')
#this allows "rooting" forum at [http://example.com/forum], if you like
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin forum@example.com
    #osqa网站文件所在的目录
    DocumentRoot /home/neil/osqa-server
    #自定义
    ServerName osqa.localhost  

    #run mod_wsgi process for django in daemon mode
    #this allows avoiding confused timezone settings when
    #another application runs in the same virtual host
    WSGIDaemonProcess OSQA
    WSGIProcessGroup OSQA

    #force all content to be served as static files
    #otherwise django will be crunching images through itself wasting time
    Alias /m/ "/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/skins/"
        <Directory "/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/skins">
                Order allow,deny
                Allow from all
        </Directory>
    Alias /upfiles/ "/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/upfiles/"
    <Directory "/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/upfiles">
        Order deny,allow
        Allow from all
    </Directory>

    #this is your wsgi script described in the prev section
    WSGIScriptAlias / /home/osqa/osqa-server/osqa.wsgi

    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/osqa.access.log common
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/osqa.error.log
</VirtualHost>

将配置文件链接到已启用站点的目录，也就是启用该站点

sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/osqa /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/osqa

6.  安装MySQL

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

安装过程中要求配置mysql的root用户名和密码。

添加为MySQL添加osqa用户，输入如下命令进入mysql命令行操作模式

sudo mysql -u root -p

创建用户

CREATE USER 'osqa'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_osqa_password';

创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE osqa DEFAULT CHARACTER SET UTF8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
GRANT ALL ON osqa.* to 'osqa'@'localhost';

7.  安装Python

linux默认是安装了python的，如果没有安装可以输入如下命令

sudo apt-get install python

安装python setup tools，安装了这个就可以很方便的安装一些python的库了。

sudo apt-get install python-setuptools

安装依赖的库

sudo apt-get install python-mysqldb
sudo easy_install South django django-debug-toolbar markdown \
    html5lib python-openid

8.  配置OSQA的settings文件

进入/home/neil/osqa-server目录，拷贝settings_local.py.dist并重命名为settings_local.py

cp settings_local.py.dist settings_local.py

打开settings_local.py文件，并修改以下几项

DATABASE_NAME = 'osqa'
DATABASE_USER = 'osqa'
DATABASE_PASSWORD = 'your_osqa_password'
DATABASE_ENGINE = 'mysql'

同样在settings_local.py文件中，修改以下这项，来更新域名。

APP_URL = 'http://osqa.localhost/'

9.  为OSQA数据库建表

输入如下命令，会自动建立必须的表

sudo python manage.py syncdb --all

进行这步操作时，出现错误cannot import name mark_safe，解决方法，打开文件/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/utils/html.py，找到第6行，做如下修改。

#from django.template import mark_safe        #原始代码
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe #修改后

在稍后部署后访问页面出现http 500错误，查看错误日志/var/log/apache2/osqa.error.log，发现该错误url(r'^%s(.*)' % _('nimda/'), admin.site.root)，据stackoverflow上的说法，打开/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/urls.py文件，找到第23行，这是django1.0版本的代码，在django1.3版本下不工作。替换成如下代码。

#url(r'^%s(.*)' % _('nimda/'), admin.site.root),         #原始代码
url(r'^%s(.*)' % _('nimda/'), include(admin.site.urls)), #修改后

在建完表后，系统会要求建立一个超级管理员帐号，OSQA官网推荐说此时不建立该帐号，等网站架设起来后，通过正常方法建立的第1个用户默认就是超级管理员。

接下来还有一步，不是很了解，原文如下。

With that command you have successfully defined the schema. With South installed, you also have the ability to migrate between databases--a useful feature as OSQA is updated. However, as this is a fresh install, you will need to convince South that the schema is already up to date by "faking" a migration. You can do that with the following command:

sudo python manage.py migrate forum --fake

10.  保证Apache被允许访问OSQA文件

这条命令表示osqa-server文件夹下的所有文件被neil用户和Apache group (www-data)拥有

sudo chown -R neil:www-data /home/neil/osqa-server

允许Apache访问upfiles和log目录

sudo chmod -R g+w /home/osqa/osqa-server/forum/upfiles
sudo chmod -R g+w /home/osqa/osqa-server/log

11.  启动网站

如果是在本地部署，可以往hosts里添加一条指向本地的域名

sudo gedit /etc/hosts #打开hosts

加上以下这条内容，当在浏览器中输入osqa.localhost时就会跳转到本地部署的osqa

127.0.0.1 osqa.localhost 

重新启动Apache

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

一切部署完毕，打开osqa.localhost，就可以看到页面了。