• Python执行系统命令的方法


    Python执行系统命令的方法

    Python执行系统命令的方法 http://www.linux-field.com/?p=15

    Python中执行系统命令常见方法有两种:两者均需 import os

    os.system

    仅仅在一个子终端运行系统命令,而不能获取命令执行后的返回信息

    system(command) -> exit_status

    Execute the command (a string) in a subshell.

    • 如果再命令行下执行,结果直接打印出来
      >>> os.system('ls')
      04101419778.CHM   bash      document    media      py-django   video
      11.wmv            books     downloads   Pictures  python
      all-20061022      Desktop   Examples    project    tools
      

    os.popen

    该方法不但执行命令还返回执行后的信息对象

    popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe

    Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.

    例如:

    >>>tmp = os.popen('ls *.py').readlines()
    >>>tmp
    Out[21]:
    ['dump_db_pickle.py ',
    'dump_db_pickle_recs.py ',
    'dump_db_shelve.py ',
    'initdata.py ',
    '__init__.py ',
    'make_db_pickle.py ',
    'make_db_pickle_recs.py ',
    'make_db_shelve.py ',
    'peopleinteract_query.py ',
    'reader.py ',
    'testargv.py ',
    'teststreams.py ',
    'update_db_pickle.py ',
    'writer.py ']
    

    好处在于:将返回的结果赋于一变量,便于程序的处理。

    使用模块subprocess

    >>> import subprocess
    >>> subprocess.call(["cmd", "arg1", "arg2"],shell=True)
    

    获取返回和输出:

    import subprocess
    p = subprocess.Popen('ls', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
    for line in p.stdout.readlines():
        print line,
    retval = p.wait()
    

    使用模块commands模块

    >>> import commands
    >>> dir(commands)
    ['__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'getoutput', 'getstatus','getstatusoutput', 'mk2arg', 'mkarg']
    >>> commands.getoutput("date")
    'Wed Jun 10 19:39:57 CST 2009'
    >>>
    >>> commands.getstatusoutput("date")
    (0, 'Wed Jun 10 19:40:41 CST 2009')
    

    注意: 当执行命令的参数或者返回中包含了中文文字,那么建议使用subprocess,如果使用os.popen则会出现下面的错误:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "./test1.py", line 56, in <module>
        main()
      File "./test1.py", line 45, in main
        fax.sendFax()
      File "./mailfax/Fax.py", line 13, in sendFax
        os.popen(cmd)
    UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 46-52: ordinal not inrange(128)
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/rangger/p/9801588.html
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