E. The Last Fight Between Human and AI
题目连接：
http://codeforces.com/contest/676/problem/E
Description
100 years have passed since the last victory of the man versus computer in Go. Technologies made a huge step forward and robots conquered the Earth! It's time for the final fight between human and robot that will decide the faith of the planet.
The following game was chosen for the fights: initially there is a polynomial
P(x) = anxn + an - 1xn - 1 + ... + a1x + a0,
with yet undefined coefficients and the integer k. Players alternate their turns. At each turn, a player pick some index j, such that coefficient aj that stay near xj is not determined yet and sets it to any value (integer or real, positive or negative, 0 is also allowed). Computer moves first. The human will be declared the winner if and only if the resulting polynomial will be divisible by Q(x) = x - k.
Polynomial P(x) is said to be divisible by polynomial Q(x) if there exists a representation P(x) = B(x)Q(x), where B(x) is also some polynomial.
Some moves have been made already and now you wonder, is it true that human can guarantee the victory if he plays optimally?
Input
The first line of the input contains two integers n and k (1 ≤ n ≤ 100 000, |k| ≤ 10 000) — the size of the polynomial and the integer k.
The i-th of the following n + 1 lines contain character '?' if the coefficient near xi - 1 is yet undefined or the integer value ai, if the coefficient is already known ( - 10 000 ≤ ai ≤ 10 000). Each of integers ai (and even an) may be equal to 0.
Please note, that it's not guaranteed that you are given the position of the game where it's computer's turn to move.
Output
Print "Yes" (without quotes) if the human has winning strategy, or "No" (without quotes) otherwise.
Sample Input
1 2
-1
?
Sample Output
Yes
Hint
题意
给你一个P(x),系数都没有决定，问你可不可能P(x) = B(x)Q(x)
其中Q(x)=x-k
由机器人先开始，问你会不会赢……
局面可能是给你玩了几局之后的局面。
题解：
(x-k)|P(x)等价于P(k)==0
分两种情况考虑
如果k=0的话，谁先使得a[0]=0就好了
如果k！=0的话，注意到每一步都可以任意改变P(k)的值，因此只有最后一步是有用的，如果所有数都已经确定，那么检查P(k)是否为0，否则胜负取决于最后一步操作的先手。
代码
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 1e5+7;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
int a[maxn],cnt,n,k;
string s;
int main()
{
scanf("%d%d",&n,&k);n++;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cin>>s;
if(s[0]=='?')a[i]=inf;
else{
int p=0;
if(s[0]=='-')p=1;
for(int j=p;j<s.size();j++)
a[i]=a[i]*10+(int)(s[j]-'0');
if(s[0]=='-')a[i]=a[i]*(-1);
cnt++;
}
}
if(k==0)
{
if(a[0]==inf)
{
if(cnt%2==1)printf("YES
");
else printf("NO
");
}
else if(a[0])printf("NO
");
else printf("YES
");
}
else
{
if(cnt<n)
{
if(n%2==1)printf("NO
");
else printf("YES
");
}
else
{
long long now = 0;
for(int i=n-1;i>=0 && abs(now)<1e14;i--)
now=1LL*now*k+a[i];
printf("%s
",(now ? "No" : "Yes"));
}
}
}