1、设计四个类,分别是:(知识点:抽象类及抽象方法)
(1)Shape表示图形类,有面积属性area、周长属性per,颜色属性color,有两个构造方法(一个是默认的、一个是为颜色赋值的),还有3个抽象方法,分别是:getArea计算面积、getPer计算周长、showAll输出所有信息,还有一个求颜色的方法getColor。
(2)2个子类:
1)Rectangle表示矩形类,增加两个属性,Width表示长度、height表示宽度,重写getPer、getArea和showAll三个方法,另外又增加一个构造方法(一个是默认的、一个是为高度、宽度、颜色赋值的)。
2)Circle表示圆类,增加1个属性,radius表示半径,重写getPer、getArea和showAll三个方法,另外又增加两个构造方法(为半径、颜色赋值的)。
(3)一个测试类PolyDemo,在main方法中,声明创建每个子类的对象,并调用2个子类的showAll方法。
1 package pro1; 2 public abstract class Shape { 3 protected double area; 4 protected double per; 5 protected String color; 6 7 public Shape() { 8 } 9 10 public Shape(String color) { 11 this.color = color; 12 } 13 14 public abstract void getArea(); 15 16 public abstract void getPer(); 17 18 public abstract void showAll(); 19 20 }
1 package pro2; 2 3 public class Rectangle extends Shape 4 { 5 private double width; 6 private double height; 7 public Rectangle() {}; 8 public Rectangle(double width, double height, String color) 9 { 10 super(color); 11 this.width = width; 12 this.height = height; 13 } 14 public double getPer() 15 { 16 return (width + height) * 2; 17 } 18 public double getArea() 19 { 20 return width * height; 21 } 22 public void showAll() 23 { 24 System.out.println(String.format("矩形长度%f,宽度%f,面积%f,周长%f,颜色为%s", width, height, getArea(), getPer(), getColor())); 25 } 26 }
1 package pro3; 2 3 public class Circle extends Shape 4 { 5 private double radius; 6 public Circle() {}; 7 public Circle(double radius, String color) 8 { 9 super(color); 10 this.radius = radius; 11 } 12 public double getPer() 13 { 14 return 2 * 3.14 * radius; 15 } 16 public double getArea() 17 { 18 return 3.14 * Math.pow(radius, 2); 19 } 20 public void showAll() 21 { 22 System.out.println(String.format("圆半径%f,面积%f,周长%f,颜色为%s", radius, getArea(), getPer(), getColor())); 23 } 24 }
package pro4; public class PolyDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(20, 10, "黄色"); rect.showAll(); Circle ccl = new Circle(20, "白色"); ccl.showAll(); } }
2、Cola公司的雇员分为以下若干类:(知识点:多态)
(1) ColaEmployee :这是所有员工总的父类,属性:员工的姓名,员工的生日月份。
方法:getSalary(int month) 根据参数月份来确定工资,如果该月员工过生日,则公司会额外奖励100 元。
(2) SalariedEmployee : ColaEmployee 的子类,拿固定工资的员工。
属性:月薪
(3) HourlyEmployee :ColaEmployee 的子类,按小时拿工资的员工,每月工作超出160 小时的部分按照1.5 倍工资发放。
属性:每小时的工资、每月工作的小时数
(4) SalesEmployee :ColaEmployee 的子类,销售人员,工资由月销售额和提成率决定。
属性:月销售额、提成率
(5) 定义一个类Company,在该类中写一个方法,调用该方法可以打印出某月某个员工的工资数额,写一个测试类TestCompany,在main方法,把若干各种类型的员工放在一个ColaEmployee 数组里,并单元出数组中每个员工当月的工资。
package pro1; public class ColaEmployee { private String name; private int birthdayMonth; public ColaEmployee(String name, int birthdayMonth) { this.name = name; this.birthdayMonth = birthdayMonth; } public double getSalary(int month) { if (month == birthdayMonth) return 100; return 0; } }
1 package pro1; 2 3 public class SalariedEmployee extends ColaEmployee 4 { 5 private double monthlyFee; 6 public SalariedEmployee(String name, int birthdayMonth, double monthlyFee) 7 { 8 super(name, birthdayMonth); 9 this.monthlyFee = monthlyFee; 10 } 11 @Override 12 public double getSalary(int month) 13 { 14 return monthlyFee + super.getSalary(month); 15 } 16 }
1 package pro1; 2 3 public class HourlyEmployee extends ColaEmployee 4 { 5 private double feePerHour; 6 private int hours; 7 public HourlyEmployee(String name, int birthdayMonth, double feePerHour, int hours) 8 { 9 super(name, birthdayMonth); 10 this.feePerHour = feePerHour; 11 this.hours = hours; 12 } 13 @Override 14 public double getSalary(int month) 15 { 16 double fee = 0; 17 if (hours > 160) 18 { 19 fee += feePerHour * 160 + feePerHour * (hours - 160) * 1.5; 20 } 21 else 22 { 23 fee += feePerHour * hours; 24 } 25 fee += super.getSalary(month); 26 return fee; 27 } 28 }
1 package pro1; 2 3 public class SalesEmployee extends ColaEmployee 4 { 5 private double monthlySale; 6 private double royaltyRate; 7 public SalesEmployee(String name, int birthdayMonth, double monthlySale, double royaltyRate) 8 { 9 super(name, birthdayMonth); 10 this.monthlySale = monthlySale; 11 this.royaltyRate = royaltyRate; 12 } 13 @Override 14 public double getSalary(int month) 15 { 16 double fee = 0; 17 fee += monthlySale * royaltyRate; 18 fee += super.getSalary(month); 19 return fee; 20 } 21 }
1 package pro1; 2 3 public class Company 4 { 5 public static void printCompany(ColaEmployee emp, int month) 6 { 7 System.out.println(emp.getName() + "的工资额为" + emp.getSalary(month)); 8 } 9 }
1 package pro1; 2 3 public class TestCompany 4 { 5 public static void main(String[] args) 6 { 7 ColaEmployee[] emps = new ColaEmployee[] 8 { 9 new SalariedEmployee("张三", 4, 18000), 10 new HourlyEmployee("李四", 5, 200, 180), 11 new SalesEmployee("王二麻子", 6, 500000, 0.05) 12 }; 13 for (ColaEmployee emp : emps) 14 { 15 Company.printCompany(emp, 5); 16 } 17 } 18 }
3、利用接口实现动态的创建对象:(知识点:接口 )
(1)创建4个类
1苹果
2香蕉
3葡萄
4园丁
(2)在三种水果的构造方法中打印一句话.
以苹果类为例
class apple
{
public apple()
{
System.out.println(“创建了一个苹果类的对象”);
}
}
(3)类图如下:
(4)要求从控制台输入一个字符串,根据字符串的值来判断创建三种水果中哪个类的对象。
1 package pro1; 2 3 public interface Fruit 4 { 5 }
1 package pro1; 2 3 public class Apple implements Fruit 4 { 5 public Apple() 6 { 7 System.out.println("创建了一个苹果类的对象"); 8 } 9 }
1 package pro1; 2 3 public class Banana implements Fruit 4 { 5 public Banana() 6 { 7 System.out.println("创建了一个香蕉类的对象"); 8 } 9 }
1 package pro1; 2 3 public class Grape implements Fruit 4 { 5 public Grape() 6 { 7 System.out.println("创建了一个葡萄类的对象"); 8 } 9 }
1 package pro1; 2 3 import java.util.Scanner; 4 5 public class Gardener 6 { 7 public static Fruit create(String type) 8 { 9 switch (type) 10 { 11 case "苹果": 12 return new Apple(); 13 case "香蕉": 14 return new Banana(); 15 case "葡萄": 16 return new Grape(); 17 default: 18 return null; 19 } 20 } 21 public static void main(String[] args) 22 { 23 Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); 24 Fruit fruit = create(s.next()); 25 if (fruit == null) 26 { 27 System.out.println("不存在的类"); 28 } 29 } 30 }