阅读目录
- 引擎介绍
- 表介绍
- 创建表
- 查看表结构
- mysql中的数据类型
- 表的完整性约束
- 修改表结构
- 删除表
- 多表结构的创建与分析
引擎介绍
mysql中的存储引擎（https://www.cnblogs.com/Eva-J/articles/9682063.html）
表介绍
表就相当于文件，表中的一条记录就相当于文件的一行内容，不同的是，表中的一条记录有对应的标题，称为表的字段
还记得我们之前写过的‘员工信息表作业’么？存储这员工信息的文件是这样的：
id,name,age,sex,phone,job 1,Alex,83,female,13651054608,IT 2,Egon,26,male,13304320533,Tearcher 3,nezha,25,male,13332353222,IT 4,boss_jin,40,male,13332353333,IT
如果把上面这个文件改成一张表,应该是下面这个样子
| id | name | age | sex | phone | job |
| 1 | Alex | 83 | female | 13651054608 | IT |
| 2 | Egon | 26 | male | 13304320533 | Teacher |
| 3 | nezha | 25 | male | 13332353222 | IT |
| 4 | boss_jin | 40 | male | 13332353333 | IT |
id,name,age,sex,phone,job称为字段，其余的，一行内容称为一条记录
创建表
#语法： create table 表名( 字段名1 类型[(宽度) 约束条件], 字段名2 类型[(宽度) 约束条件], 字段名3 类型[(宽度) 约束条件] ); #注意： 1. 在同一张表中，字段名是不能相同 2. 宽度和约束条件可选 3. 字段名和类型是必须的
mysql> create database staff;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use staff;
Database changed
mysql> create table staff_info (id int,name varchar(50),age int(3),sex enum('male','female'),phone bigint(11),job varchar(11));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_staff |
+-----------------+
| staff_info |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc staff_info;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select id,name,sex from staff_info;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from staff_info;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database staff;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use staff;
Database changed
mysql> create table staff_info (id int,name varchar(50),age int(3),sex enum('male','female'),phone bigint(11),job varchar(11));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_staff |
+-----------------+
| staff_info |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc staff_info;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select id,name,sex from staff_info;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from staff_info;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into staff_info (id,name,age,sex,phone,job) values (1,'Alex',83,'female',13651054608,'IT'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into staff_info values (2,'Egon',26,'male',13304320533,'Teacher'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into staff_info values (3,'nezha',25,'male',13332353222,'IT'),(4,'boss_jin',40,'male',13332353333,'IT'); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from staff_info; +------+----------+------+--------+-------------+---------+ | id | name | age | sex | phone | job | +------+----------+------+--------+-------------+---------+ | 1 | Alex | 83 | female | 13651054608 | IT | | 2 | Egon | 26 | male | 13304320533 | Teacher | | 3 | nezha | 25 | male | 13332353222 | IT | | 4 | boss_jin | 40 | male | 13332353333 | IT | +------+----------+------+--------+-------------+---------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into staff_info (id,name,age,sex,phone,job) values (1,'Alex',83,'female',13651054608,'IT'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into staff_info values (2,'Egon',26,'male',13304320533,'Teacher'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into staff_info values (3,'nezha',25,'male',13332353222,'IT'),(4,'boss_jin',40,'male',13332353333,'IT'); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from staff_info; +------+----------+------+--------+-------------+---------+ | id | name | age | sex | phone | job | +------+----------+------+--------+-------------+---------+ | 1 | Alex | 83 | female | 13651054608 | IT | | 2 | Egon | 26 | male | 13304320533 | Teacher | | 3 | nezha | 25 | male | 13332353222 | IT | | 4 | boss_jin | 40 | male | 13332353333 | IT | +------+----------+------+--------+-------------+---------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看表结构
查看表结构有两种方式：
describe [tablename];这种方法和desc [tablename];效果相同；可以查看当前的表结构
虽然desc命令可以查看表的定义，但是其输出的信息还不够全面，为了得到更全面的表定义信息，有时候就需要查看创建表的SQL语句，使用show create table语法。除了可以看到表定义之外，还可以看到engine（存储引擎）和charset（字符集）等信息。（\G选项的含义是是的记录能够竖向排列，以便更好的显示内容较长的记录。）
mysql> describe staff_info;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc staff_info;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table staff_info\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: staff_info
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `staff_info` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(3) DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` enum('male','female') DEFAULT NULL,
`phone` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`job` varchar(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> describe staff_info;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc staff_info;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table staff_info\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: staff_info
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `staff_info` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(3) DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` enum('male','female') DEFAULT NULL,
`phone` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`job` varchar(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql中的数据类型
mysql支持的数据类型（https://www.cnblogs.com/Eva-J/articles/9683316.html）
表的完整性约束
mysql表的完整性约束（https://www.cnblogs.com/Eva-J/articles/9687915.html）
修改表结构
语法：
1. 修改表名
ALTER TABLE 表名
RENAME 新表名;
2. 增加字段
ALTER TABLE 表名
ADD 字段名 数据类型 [完整性约束条件…],
ADD 字段名 数据类型 [完整性约束条件…];
3. 删除字段
ALTER TABLE 表名
DROP 字段名;
4. 修改字段
ALTER TABLE 表名
MODIFY 字段名 数据类型 [完整性约束条件…];
ALTER TABLE 表名
CHANGE 旧字段名 新字段名 旧数据类型 [完整性约束条件…];
ALTER TABLE 表名
CHANGE 旧字段名 新字段名 新数据类型 [完整性约束条件…];
5.修改字段排列顺序/在增加的时候指定字段位置
ALTER TABLE 表名
ADD 字段名 数据类型 [完整性约束条件…] FIRST;
ALTER TABLE 表名
ADD 字段名 数据类型 [完整性约束条件…] AFTER 字段名;
ALTER TABLE 表名
CHANGE 字段名 旧字段名 新字段名 新数据类型 [完整性约束条件…] FIRST;
ALTER TABLE 表名
MODIFY 字段名 数据类型 [完整性约束条件…] AFTER 字段名;
create table t(id int unique,name char(10) not null); #去掉null约束 alter table t modify name char(10) null; # 添加null约束 alter table t modify name char(10) not null; # 去掉unique约束 alter table t drop index id; # 添加unique约束 alter table t modify id int unique; # 添加联合唯一 alter table t add unique index(aa,bb);
create table t(id int unique,name char(10) not null); #去掉null约束 alter table t modify name char(10) null; # 添加null约束 alter table t modify name char(10) not null; # 去掉unique约束 alter table t drop index id; # 添加unique约束 alter table t modify id int unique; # 添加联合唯一 alter table t add unique index(aa,bb);
1、首先创建一个数据表table_test： create table table_test( `id` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`name`) ); 2、如果发现主键设置错了,应该是id是主键,但如今表里已经有好多数据了,不能删除表再重建了，仅仅能在这基础上改动表结构。 先删除主键 alter table table_test drop primary key; 然后再增加主键 alter table table_test add primary key(id); 注:在增加主键之前,必须先把反复的id删除掉。
1、首先创建一个数据表table_test： create table table_test( `id` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`name`) ); 2、如果发现主键设置错了,应该是id是主键,但如今表里已经有好多数据了,不能删除表再重建了，仅仅能在这基础上改动表结构。 先删除主键 alter table table_test drop primary key; 然后再增加主键 alter table table_test add primary key(id); 注:在增加主键之前,必须先把反复的id删除掉。
创建press表 CREATE TABLE `press` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL, `name` char(10) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ； 创建book表 CREATE TABLE `book` ( `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `bk_name` char(12) DEFAULT NULL, `press_id` int(11) NOT NULL, KEY `press_id` (`press_id`) ) ； 为book表添加外键 alter table book add constraint fk_id foreign key(press_id) references press(id); 删除外键 alter table book drop foreign key fk_id;
创建press表 CREATE TABLE `press` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL, `name` char(10) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ； 创建book表 CREATE TABLE `book` ( `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `bk_name` char(12) DEFAULT NULL, `press_id` int(11) NOT NULL, KEY `press_id` (`press_id`) ) ； 为book表添加外键 alter table book add constraint fk_id foreign key(press_id) references press(id); 删除外键 alter table book drop foreign key fk_id;
mysql> desc staff_info;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 表重命名
mysql> alter table staff_info rename staff;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc staff;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 删除sex列
mysql> alter table staff drop sex;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc staff;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
# 添加列
mysql> alter table staff add sex enum('male','female');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
# 修改id的宽度
mysql> alter table staff modify id int(4);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc staff;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
# 修改name列的字段名
mysql> alter table staff change name sname varchar(20);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc staff;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| sname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 修改sex列的位置
mysql> alter table staff modify sex enum('male','female') after sname;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc staff;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| sname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 创建自增id主键
mysql> alter table staff modify id int(4) primary key auto_increment;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc staff;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| sname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 删除主键，可以看到删除一个自增主键会报错
mysql> alter table staff drop primary key;
ERROR 1075 (42000): Incorrect table definition; there can be only one auto column and it must be defined as a key
# 需要先去掉主键的自增约束，然后再删除主键约束
mysql> alter table staff modify id int(11);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc staff;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | |
| sname | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> alter table staff drop primary key;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
# 添加联合主键
mysql> alter table staff add primary key (sname,age);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
# 删除主键
mysql> alter table staff drop primary key;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
# 创建主键id
mysql> alter table staff add primary key (id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc staff;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | |
| sname | varchar(20) | NO | | | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | NO | | 0 | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 为主键添加自增属性
mysql> alter table staff modify id int(4) auto_increment;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc staff;
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| sname | varchar(20) | NO | | | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | NO | | 0 | |
| phone | bigint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除表
DROP TABLE 表名;
多表结构的创建与分析
如何找出两张表之间的关系
分析步骤： #1、先站在左表的角度去找 是否左表的多条记录可以对应右表的一条记录，如果是，则证明左表的一个字段foreign key 右表一个字段（通常是id） #2、再站在右表的角度去找 是否右表的多条记录可以对应左表的一条记录，如果是，则证明右表的一个字段foreign key 左表一个字段（通常是id） #3、总结： #多对一： 如果只有步骤1成立，则是左表多对一右表 如果只有步骤2成立，则是右表多对一左表 #多对多 如果步骤1和2同时成立，则证明这两张表时一个双向的多对一，即多对多,需要定义一个这两张表的关系表来专门存放二者的关系 #一对一: 如果1和2都不成立，而是左表的一条记录唯一对应右表的一条记录，反之亦然。这种情况很简单，就是在左表foreign key右表的基础上，将左表的外键字段设置成unique即可
建立表之间的关系
#一对多或称为多对一 三张表：出版社，作者信息，书 一对多（或多对一）：一个出版社可以出版多本书 关联方式：foreign key
=====================多对一=====================
create table press(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20)
);
create table book(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
press_id int not null,
foreign key(press_id) references press(id)
on delete cascade
on update cascade
);
insert into press(name) values
('北京工业地雷出版社'),
('人民音乐不好听出版社'),
('知识产权没有用出版社')
;
insert into book(name,press_id) values
('九阳神功',1),
('九阴真经',2),
('九阴白骨爪',2),
('独孤九剑',3),
('降龙十巴掌',2),
('葵花宝典',3)
;
班级和学生 一个班级可以对应多个学生，但一个学生只能对应一个班级 主机和机房 一个机房可以有多台主机，但是一个主机只能属于一个机房
#多对多 三张表：出版社，作者信息，书 多对多：一个作者可以写多本书，一本书也可以有多个作者，双向的一对多，即多对多 关联方式：foreign key+一张新的表
=====================多对多=====================
create table author(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20)
);
#这张表就存放作者表与书表的关系，即查询二者的关系查这表就可以了
create table author2book(
id int not null unique auto_increment,
author_id int not null,
book_id int not null,
constraint fk_author foreign key(author_id) references author(id)
on delete cascade
on update cascade,
constraint fk_book foreign key(book_id) references book(id)
on delete cascade
on update cascade,
primary key(author_id,book_id)
);
#插入四个作者，id依次排开
insert into author(name) values('egon'),('alex'),('yuanhao'),('wpq');
#每个作者与自己的代表作如下
egon:
九阳神功
九阴真经
九阴白骨爪
独孤九剑
降龙十巴掌
葵花宝典
alex:
九阳神功
葵花宝典
yuanhao:
独孤九剑
降龙十巴掌
葵花宝典
wpq:
九阳神功
insert into author2book(author_id,book_id) values
(1,1),
(1,2),
(1,3),
(1,4),
(1,5),
(1,6),
(2,1),
(2,6),
(3,4),
(3,5),
(3,6),
(4,1)
;
其他示例服务和机器 一个服务可能被部署到多台机器上，一台机器上也可以部署多个服务 学生和课程 一个学生可以选择多门课程，一门课程也可以被多个学生选择
#一对一 两张表：学生表和客户表 一对一：一个学生是一个客户 关联方式：foreign key+unique
create table customer(
-> id int primary key auto_increment,
-> name varchar(20) not null,
-> qq varchar(10) not null,
-> phone char(16) not null
-> );
create table student(
-> id int primary key auto_increment,
-> class_name varchar(20) not null,
-> customer_id int unique, #该字段一定要是唯一的
-> foreign key(customer_id) references customer(id) #外键的字段一定要保证unique
-> on delete cascade
-> on update cascade
-> );
#增加客户
mysql> insert into customer(name,qq,phone) values
-> ('韩蕾','31811231',13811341220),
-> ('杨澜','123123123',15213146809),
-> ('翁惠天','283818181',1867141331),
-> ('杨宗河','283818181',1851143312),
-> ('袁承明','888818181',1861243314),
-> ('袁清','112312312',18811431230)
mysql> #增加学生
mysql> insert into student(class_name,customer_id) values
-> ('脱产1班',3),
-> ('周末1期',4),
-> ('周末1期',5)
-> ;
例一：一个用户只有一个博客
用户表：
id name
1 egon
2 alex
3 wupeiqi
博客表
fk+unique
id url name_id
1 xxxx 1
2 yyyy 3
3 zzz 2
例二：一个管理员唯一对应一个用户
用户表：
id user password
1 egon xxxx
2 alex yyyy
管理员表：
fk+unique
id user_id password
1 1 xxxxx
2 2 yyyyy