在进行数据交换时,如果主键不是整型,需要对字符串,或联合主键拼接为字符串,进行hash,再进行取模分片,使用的是String自带的hashCode()方法,本来是件很方便的事,但是有些字符串取hashCode竟然是负数,使得分片为负数,找不到对应的分片,我们先看一下String 生成hashCode的代码:
/** * Returns a hash code for this string. The hash code for a * {@code String} object is computed as * <blockquote><pre> * s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1] * </pre></blockquote> * using {@code int} arithmetic, where {@code s[i]} is the * <i>i</i>th character of the string, {@code n} is the length of * the string, and {@code ^} indicates exponentiation. * (The hash value of the empty string is zero.) * * @return a hash code value for this object. */ public int hashCode() { int h = hash; if (h == 0 && value.length > 0) { char val[] = value; for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) { h = 31 * h + val[i]; } hash = h; } return h; }
主要是根据字符串中字符的ascii码值来计算的,即 31 * hash + 字符的ASCII码值,int型的值取值范围为Integer.MIN_VALUE(-2147483648)~Integer.MAX_VALUE(2147483647),所以如果字符串比较长,计算的数值就可能超出Integer.MAX_VALUE,造成数值溢出,值变成负数
几种比较极端的字符串hashCode值:
String hashStr0 = "35953305172933/"; System.out.println(hashStr0.hashCode()); // 2147483647 Integer.MAX_VALUE System.out.println(Math.abs(hashStr0.hashCode())); // 2147483647 Integer.MAX_VALUE System.out.println("-------------------"); String hashStr = "359533051729330"; System.out.println(hashStr.hashCode()); // -2147483648 Integer.MIN_VALUE System.out.println(Math.abs(hashStr.hashCode())); // -2147483648 Integer.MIN_VALUE System.out.println("-------------------"); String hashStr2 = "56800004874"; System.out.println(hashStr2.hashCode()); // -2082984168 System.out.println(Math.abs(hashStr2.hashCode())); // 2082984168 System.out.println("-------------------"); String hashStr3 = ""; System.out.println(hashStr3.hashCode()); // 0 System.out.println(Math.abs(hashStr3.hashCode())); // 0 System.out.println("-------------------");
对于字符串“359533051729330”的hashCode为Integer.MIN_VALUE,我们使用取绝对值还是超出Integer.MAX_VALUE,还是Integer.MIN_VALUE,所以针对这种极端情况是不可用的
要想利用hashCode为非负数,可以Integer.MAX_VALUE和与操作,这样最大正整数的符号位为0,与任何数与操作都是0,即是正数
int hash = str.hashCode() & Integer.MAX_VALUE;
2147483647 Integer.MAX_VALUE