Valgrind

Valgrind 3.11.0编译安装

Valgrind是一款用于内存调试、内存泄漏检测以及性能分析的软件开发工具。
Valgrind遵守GNU通用公共许可证条款，是一款自由软件。
到3.3.0版本为止，Valgrind支持x86、x86-64以及PowerPC上的Linux。除此之外，还有一些其它非正式支持的类Unix平台（如FreeBSD、NetBSD以及Mac OS X）。

1、下载Valgrind 3.11.0

直接下载源码包

wget http://valgrind.org/downloads/valgrind-3.11.0.tar.bz2
tar -xjvf valgrind-3.11.0.tar.bz2 
cd valgrind-3.11.0/

使用svn克隆一个

svn co svn://svn.valgrind.org/valgrind/trunk valgrind

2、生成Makefile并使用它进行编译

生成Makefile的步骤在README这个文件中有写。

• 1. 运行./autogen.sh来设置环境（你需要标准的autoconf工具）
     这个脚本其实是调用的aclocal autoheader automake autoconf，所以必须先安装好它，如果没有安装，在运行这个脚本的时候会提示你的。
• 1. 运行./configure来生成Makefile文件
     这里你可以使用./configure --help来查看可以使用哪些参数设置。
     一般设置好安装路径即可./configure --prefix=/usr/local/valgrind
• 1. 运行make进行编译，运行make install进行安装。

下面是我编译时候的步骤

#运行 autogen.sh
 o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ ./autogen.sh 
running: aclocal
running: autoheader
running: automake -a
running: autoconf

#运行configure
o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/valgrind
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
   ....  .....
config.status: executing depfiles commands

         Maximum build arch: amd64
         Primary build arch: amd64
       Secondary build arch: x86
                   Build OS: linux
   ...  ...

#运行make

o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ make
echo "# This is a generated file, composed of the following suppression rules:" > default.supp
echo "# " exp-sgcheck.supp xfree-3.supp xfree-4.supp glibc-2.X-drd.supp glibc-2.34567-NPTL-helgrind.supp glibc-2.X.supp  >> default.supp
cat exp-sgcheck.supp xfree-3.supp xfree-4.supp glibc-2.X-drd.supp glibc-2.34567-NPTL-helgrind.supp glibc-2.X.supp >> default.supp
make  all-recursive
... ...
#运行make install
o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ sudo make install
[sudo] o 的密码： 
make  install-recursive
... ...

3、测试一下
编译完成之后可以测试一下。
因为上面编译安装的时候指定了安装目录，所以还需要把valgrind的bin目录路径添加到环境变量PATH中。否则只能使用全路径来运行valgrind
这里我把它写入到~/.bashrc文件中。打开~/.bashrc文件，然后在最后添加一行PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/valgrind/bin，之后使用source ~/.bashrc来更新一下。

真的测试一下哦(这是README里面给出的测试命令)

o@o-pc:~/software$ valgrind ls -l
==4504== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==4504== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==4504== Using Valgrind-3.11.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==4504== Command: ls -l
==4504== 
总用量 11636
drwxrwxr-x 26 o o     4096 12月 29 11:11 valgrind-3.11.0
-rw-rw-r--  1 o o 11910809  9月 23 18:53 valgrind-3.11.0.tar.bz2
==4504== 
==4504== HEAP SUMMARY:
==4504==     in use at exit: 19,436 bytes in 8 blocks
==4504==   total heap usage: 205 allocs, 197 frees, 86,286 bytes allocated
==4504== 
==4504== LEAK SUMMARY:
==4504==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4504==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4504==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4504==    still reachable: 19,436 bytes in 8 blocks
==4504==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4504== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==4504== 
==4504== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==4504== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 1 from 1)

自己写一个内存访问越界和泄露的小例子来测试一下

#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
    ((char*)malloc(10))[10] = 100;
    return 0;
}

使用下面的命令来检查

 valgrind --track-fds=yes --leak-check=full --undef-value-errors=yes  ./test 

检查结果

==4842== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==4842== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==4842== Using Valgrind-3.11.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==4842== Command: ./test
==4842== 
==4842== Invalid write of size 1   # 这里检测到了内存越界访问
==4842==    at 0x400548: main (in /home/o/software/test)
==4842==  Address 0x520204a is 0 bytes after a block of size 10 alloc'd
==4842==    at 0x4C2BC50: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:299)
==4842==    by 0x400543: main (in /home/o/software/test)
==4842== 
==4842== 
==4842== FILE DESCRIPTORS: 3 open at exit.    #打开了三个文件描述符(标准输入输出错误)
==4842== Open file descriptor 2: /dev/pts/12
==4842==    <inherited from parent>
==4842== 
==4842== Open file descriptor 1: /dev/pts/12
==4842==    <inherited from parent>
==4842== 
==4842== Open file descriptor 0: /dev/pts/12
==4842==    <inherited from parent>
==4842== 
==4842== 
==4842== HEAP SUMMARY:   #堆使用摘要
==4842==     in use at exit: 10 bytes in 1 blocks
==4842==   total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 10 bytes allocated #申请/释放详情
==4842== 
==4842== 10 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1
==4842==    at 0x4C2BC50: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:299)
==4842==    by 0x400543: main (in /home/o/software/test)
==4842== 
==4842== LEAK SUMMARY:   泄露摘要
==4842==    definitely lost: 10 bytes in 1 blocks
==4842==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4842==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4842==    still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4842==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4842== 
==4842== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==4842== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 1 from 1)