1. If...elif...else
条件语句
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
num = 5
if num == 3: # 判断num的值
print 'boss'
elif num == 2:
print 'user'
elif num == 1:
print 'worker'
elif num < 0: # 值小于零时输出
print 'error'
else:
print 'roadman' # 条件均不成立时输出
- Python 不支持switch语句,所以多个条件的判断只能用
elif
来实现
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# 例3:if语句多个条件
num = 9
if num >= 0 and num <= 10: # 判断值是否在0~10之间
print 'hello'
# 输出结果: hello
num = 10
if num < 0 or num > 10: # 判断值是否在小于0或大于10
print 'hello'
else:
print 'undefine'
# 输出结果: undefine
num = 8
# 判断值是否在0~5或者10~15之间
if (num >= 0 and num <= 5) or (num >= 10 and num <= 15):
print 'hello'
else:
print 'undefine'
# 输出结果: undefine
- 也可以在同一行的位置上使用
if
条件判断语句:
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
var = 100
if ( var == 100 ) : print "变量 var 的值为100"
2. while 循环语句
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
odd=[]
even=[]
while len(numbers)>0:
number = numbers.pop()
if (number%2==0):
even.append(number)
else:
odd.append(number)
print odd
print even
i = 1
while i<10:
i+=1
if i%2==0:
continue
print i #输出奇数 3,5,7,9
else:
print "i >= 10" #else可以和while连用
i = 1
while 1:
print i
i += 1
if i>10:
break
continue break
的用法同C++- while可以与else连用
- 类似 if 语句的语法,如果你的 while 循环体中只有一条语句,你可以将该语句与while写在同一行中
3. Python for循环
- for循环的格式如下:
for iterating_var in sequence:
statements(s)
示例:
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
for letter in 'Python':
print "Current letter:",letter
fruits = ['banana','apple','orange']
for fruit in fruits:
print "Current fruit:",fruit
for index in range(len(fruits)):
print "Current fruit:",fruits[index]
- for循环使用 else 语句
for num in range(10,20):
for i in range (2,num):
if num%i==0:
j=num/i
print '%d = %d * %d'%(num,i,j)
break
else:
print num,"is a prime number"
- for 中的语句和普通的没有区别,else 中的语句会在循环正常执行完(即 for 不是通过 break 跳出而中断的)的情况下执行
3. pass 语句
pass
是空语句,是为了保持程序结构的完整性,不做任何事情,一般做占位语句。
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
for letter in 'Python':
if letter == 'h':
pass
print "这是pass块"
print "Current letter:",letter