转自http://blog.csdn.net/justdb/article/details/17054579
一 使用percona-xtrabackup的原因
在前面，我们讲到MySQL冷备、热备、mysqldump、热拷贝、保证数据的一致性。因为mysql冷备、mysqldump、mysql热拷贝均不能实现增量备份，在实际环境中增量备份是使用较多的，percona-xtrabackup就是为实现增量备份而生，因此我们需要使用percona-xtrabackup。
本文讲解percona-xtrabackup软件的使用，下一篇文章讲解percona-xtrabackup实现增量备份及恢复。
二 什么是percona-xtrabackup
Percona XtraBackup is an open-source hot backup utility for MySQL -based servers that doesn’t lock your database during the backup.
It can back up data from InnoDB, XtraDB,and MyISAM tableson MySQL 5.1 [1], 5.5 and5.6 servers, as well as Percona Server with XtraDB.For a high-level overview of many of its advanced features, including a featurecomparison, please see AboutPercona Xtrabackup.
Whether it is a 24x7 highly loaded server or alow-transaction-volume environment, Percona XtraBackup isdesigned to make backups a seamless procedure without disrupting theperformance of the server in a production environment.Commercial support contracts areavailable.
Percona XtraBackup is a combination of the xtrabackup C program,and the innobackupex Perl script. The xtrabackupprogramcopies and manipulates InnoDB and XtraDB datafiles, and the Perl script enables enhanced functionality,such as interacting with a running MySQL server and backing up MyISAM tables.
三 软件及文档获取
软件获取
http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtrabackup/downloads
http://download.csdn.net/detail/wentasy/6638171
文档获取
http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.1/
http://download.csdn.net/detail/wentasy/6638029
四 软件使用讲解
注：本文采用的percona-xtrabackup版本为2.0.2，操作系统版本为RHEL 6.1 Server，MySQL版本为5.1
第一步，准备文件并拷贝文件
[root@larrywen ule-mysql]# ll percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3786628 Sep 10 13:45 percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm [root@larrywen ule-mysql]# scp percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm 192.168.1.11:/opt
第二步，该软件需要依赖MySQL客户端，所以使用yum安装。注意，此处安装的只是MySQL的客户端，和本身使用源码安装的MySQL不冲突
[root@serv01 opt]# yum install percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm -y Installed: percona-xtrabackup.x86_64 0:2.0.2-461.rhel6 Dependency Installed: mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.52-1.el6_0.1
第三步，初始化备份
[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 /databackup/ InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oy and Percona Inc 2009-2012. All Rights Reserved. …… innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44' innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 7312 130910 21:50:03 innobackupex: completed OK!
第四步，这样的备份文件无法使用，我们需要做统一检查
[root@serv01 databackup]# ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 21:50 2013-09-10_21-49-44 #做统一检查 [root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --apply-log /databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44/ InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oy and Percona Inc 2009-2012. All Rights Reserved. …… xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1 130910 21:51:52 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 130910 21:51:56 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2098188 130910 21:51:56 innobackupex: completed OK!
第五步，模拟数据丢失
[root@serv01 databackup]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/* [root@serv01 databackup]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/ total 0
第六步，恢复数据
[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --copy-back /databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44/ InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oy and Percona Inc 2009-2012. All Rights Reserved. …… innobackupex: Starting to copy InnoDB system tablespace innobackupex: in '/databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44' innobackupex: back to original InnoDB data directory '/usr/local/mysql/data' innobackupex: Copying file '/databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44/ibdata1' innobackupex: Starting to copy InnoDB log files innobackupex: in '/databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44' innobackupex: back to original InnoDB log directory '/usr/local/mysql/data' innobackupex: Finished copying back files. 130910 22:02:29 innobackupex: completed OK!
第七步，重启mysql服务，发现报错，pkill掉，然后启动一切正常
[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found! Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid). #查看恢复的数据目录，拥有者和所属组不是mysql用户，我们更改拥有者和所属组 [root@serv01 databackup]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/ total 18468 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:02 game drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:02 hello -rw-r-----. 1 root root 18874368 Sep 10 21:51 ibdata1 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:02 larrydb drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:02 mnt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:02 mysql -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 0 Sep 10 22:02 mysql-bin.index drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:02 performance_schema -rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 771 Sep 10 22:02 serv01.host.com.err drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:02 test -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24 Sep 10 22:02 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb [root@serv01 databackup]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/ -R #再次启动，仍然失败，我们杀掉进程，再次启动mysql，正常 [root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found! Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid). [root@serv01 databackup]# ps -ef | grep mysql root 2386 1 0 18:36 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid mysql 2664 2386 0 18:36 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306 root 3022 1490 0 19:39 pts/0 00:00:00 mysql -uroot -px xxxx root 5021 3040 0 22:05 pts/2 00:00:00 grep mysql [root@serv01 databackup]# pkill -9 mysql [root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@serv01 databackup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | game | | hello | | larrydb | | mnt | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)