Django forms组件里的ChoiceField、ModelChoiceField和ModelMutipleChoiceField的区别

阅读简要

首先我们要明白Django forms组件里的ChoiceField、ModelChoiceField和ModelMutipleChoiceField是继承关系

ChoiceField

1. Django forms组件中ChoiceField字段是对models里choice的渲染

2. choices作用:在数据库中用元组的第一项作为存储的值,在显示时,将元组的第二项作为显示的内容,便于前端使用下拉框

3. 用get_xxxx_display()显示第二项的值

class Authors(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField("姓名", max_length=32)
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=((1, "男"), (2, "女")), default=1)

ModelChoiceField

1. Django forms组件中ModelChoiceField字段是对models里Forekey的渲染

2. 在前端渲染为下拉菜单

class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField("书名", max_length=32)
    publish = models.ForeignKey(to="Publish", on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="出版社")

ModelMutipleChoiceField

1. Django forms组件中ModelMutipleChoiceField字段是对models里ManyToManyField的渲染

2. 在前端渲染为多选菜单

models.py

class Authors(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField("姓名", max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField("年龄")
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=((1, "男"), (2, "女")), default=1)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField("书名", max_length=32)
    publish_time = models.DateField()
    publish = models.ForeignKey(to="Publish", on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="出版社")
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Authors")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField("出版社名", max_length=32)
    address = models.CharField("地址", max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

forms.py

from django import forms


class AuthorForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(label="姓名", max_length=32)
    age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")
    gender = forms.ChoiceField(choices=((1, "男"), (2, "女")))


class BookForm(forms.Form):
    title = forms.CharField(label="书名", max_length=32)
    publish_time = forms.DateField(label="发行时间")
    publish = forms.ModelChoiceField(label="出版社", queryset=Publish.objects.all())
    authors = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(label="作者", queryset=Authors.objects.all())

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