@property装饰器
把一个方法变成属性调用
好处是方便调用
class Student(object):
@property
def score(self):
return self._score
@score.setter
def score(self,value):
#此处省略检查是否参数合法
self._score = value
只使用@property而不不对该函数setter方法,表示定义为只读属性
class Screen(object):
"""docstring for Screen"""
@property
def width(self):
return self._width
@width.setter
def width(self,value):
self._width = value
@property
def height(self):
return self._height
@height.setter
def height(self,value):
self._heigth = value
@property
def resolution(self):
return self._heigth * self._width
s = Screen()
s.width = 1024
s.height = 768
print('resolution =', s.resolution)
if s.resolution == 786432:
print('测试通过!')
else:
print('测试失败!')
多重继承
使用方法
class Animal(object):
def __init__(self):
print('this is an Animal!')
class Runable(object):
def run(self):
print('Running...')
class Flyable(Animal):
def fly(self):
print('Flying...')
class Dog(Animal,Runable):
def dog(self):
return print('dog')
dogs = Dog()
dogs.run()
dogs.dog()
MixIn多重继承
因为python允许使用多重继承,所以MixIn为常见写法
定制类
iter
实现__iter__()方法让类可以在for..in循环中使用
该方法返回一个迭代对象,然后python的for循环会不断调用该迭代对象的__next__()方法拿到循环的下一个值,直到遇到stopIteration错误时退出循环。
getitem
把实例当作list,可按照下标取出元素
class Fib(object):
def __getitem__(self, n):
a, b = 1, 1
for x in range(n):
a, b = b, a + b
return a
f = Fib()
print(f[0])
但是list中可用的切片方法,在这种情况下不可行,原因是__getitem()__ 传入的参数可能是int也可能是一个切片对象,所以要实现切片,需要做判断.
class Fib(object):
def __getitem__(self, n):
if isinstance(n, int): # n是索引
a, b = 1, 1
for x in range(n):
a, b = b, a + b
return a
if isinstance(n, slice): # n是切片
start = n.start
stop = n.stop
if start is None:
start = 0
a, b = 1, 1
L = []
for x in range(stop):
if x >= start:
L.append(a)
a, b = b, a + b
return L
getattr
动态返回一个属性
当调用不存在的属性时,python会试图从__getattr__(self,属性值)中获取属性
class Chain(object):
"""docstring for Chain"""
def __init__(self, path=''):
# super(Chain, self).__init__()
self._path = path
def __getattr__(self,path):
return Chain('%s/%s' % (self._path,path))
def __str__(self):
return self._path
__repr__ = __str__
print(Chain().status.user.timeline.list)
call
只要定义一个 call()方法,就可以直接对类中的实例进行调用
class foo(object):
def __init__(self,name):
self.name = name
def __call__(self)
print(self.name)