Python常见问题

背景

在做接口自动化的时候，Excel作为数据驱动，里面存了中文，通过第三方库读取中文当请求参数传入 requests.post() 里面，就会报错

UnicodeEncodeError: 'latin-1' codec can't encode characters in position 13-14: Body ('小明') is not valid Latin-1. Use body.encode('utf-8') if you want to send it encoded in UTF-8.

此时我封装的post请求方法是这样的

def post(self, url, data=None, file=None, header=None, cookie=None):
    try:
        res = requests.post(url, data=data, files=file, headers=header, cookies=cookie, verify=False)
        return res
    except BaseException as e:
        loggings.error("post请求错误，错误原因：%s" % e)
        raise e

这个时候，我们要将传入的参数按照utf-8格式编码

# 先转成Json字符串
data = json.dumps(data) 

# 按照utf-8编码成字节码 
data = data.encode("utf-8")

改造后的方法如下

def post(self, url, data=None,  file=None, header=None, cookie=None):
    try:
        data = json.dumps(data) 
        data = data.encode("utf-8")
        res = requests.post(url, data=data, files=file, headers=header, cookies=cookie, verify=False)
        return res
    except BaseException as e:
        loggings.error("post请求错误，错误原因：%s" % e)
        raise e

当然有更简单的方法就是将字典数据转成json字符串传入，请求参数名叫 data ，代码如下:

def post(self, url, data=None,  file=None, header=None, cookie=None):
    try:
        data = json.dumps(data) 
        res = requests.post(url, json=data, files=file, headers=header, cookies=cookie, verify=False)
        return res
    except BaseException as e:
        loggings.error("post请求错误，错误原因：%s" % e)
        raise e