https://docs.python.org/2/library/smtplib.html
参考文档
https://blog.csdn.net/xiaosongbk/article/details/60142996
以下是一些如何使用email包来读取，写入和发送简单电子邮件以及更复杂的MIME邮件的示例。 首先，让我们看看如何创建和发送简单的文本消息： # Import smtplib for the actual sending function import smtplib # Import the email modules we'll need from email.mime.text import MIMEText # Open a plain text file for reading. For this example, assume that # the text file contains only ASCII characters. fp = open(textfile, 'rb') # Create a text/plain message msg = MIMEText(fp.read()) fp.close() # me == the sender's email address # you == the recipient's email address msg['Subject'] = 'The contents of %s' % textfile msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = you # Send the message via our own SMTP server, but don't include the # envelope header. s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') s.sendmail(me, [you], msg.as_string()) s.quit() 解析RFC822头文件可以通过Parser（）类的parse（filename）或parsestr（message_as_string）方法轻松完成： # Import the email modules we'll need from email.parser import Parser # If the e-mail headers are in a file, uncomment this line: #headers = Parser().parse(open(messagefile, 'r')) # Or for parsing headers in a string, use: headers = Parser().parsestr('From: <user@example.com> ' 'To: <someone_else@example.com> ' 'Subject: Test message ' ' ' 'Body would go here ') # Now the header items can be accessed as a dictionary: print 'To: %s' % headers['to'] print 'From: %s' % headers['from'] print 'Subject: %s' % headers['subject'] 以下是如何发送包含可能驻留在目录中的一系列家庭照片的MIME消息的示例： # Import smtplib for the actual sending function import smtplib # Here are the email package modules we'll need from email.mime.image import MIMEImage from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart COMMASPACE = ', ' # Create the container (outer) email message. msg = MIMEMultipart() msg['Subject'] = 'Our family reunion' # me == the sender's email address # family = the list of all recipients' email addresses msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(family) msg.preamble = 'Our family reunion' # Assume we know that the image files are all in PNG format for file in pngfiles: # Open the files in binary mode. Let the MIMEImage class automatically # guess the specific image type. fp = open(file, 'rb') img = MIMEImage(fp.read()) fp.close() msg.attach(img) # Send the email via our own SMTP server. s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') s.sendmail(me, family, msg.as_string()) s.quit() 以下是如何将目录的全部内容作为电子邮件消息发送的示例：[1] #!/usr/bin/env python """Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message.""" import os import sys import smtplib # For guessing MIME type based on file name extension import mimetypes from optparse import OptionParser from email import encoders from email.message import Message from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio from email.mime.base import MIMEBase from email.mime.image import MIMEImage from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText COMMASPACE = ', ' def main(): parser = OptionParser(usage=""" Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message. Usage: %prog [options] Unless the -o option is given, the email is sent by forwarding to your local SMTP server, which then does the normal delivery process. Your local machine must be running an SMTP server. """) parser.add_option('-d', '--directory', type='string', action='store', help="""Mail the contents of the specified directory, otherwise use the current directory. Only the regular files in the directory are sent, and we don't recurse to subdirectories.""") parser.add_option('-o', '--output', type='string', action='store', metavar='FILE', help="""Print the composed message to FILE instead of sending the message to the SMTP server.""") parser.add_option('-s', '--sender', type='string', action='store', metavar='SENDER', help='The value of the From: header (required)') parser.add_option('-r', '--recipient', type='string', action='append', metavar='RECIPIENT', default=[], dest='recipients', help='A To: header value (at least one required)') opts, args = parser.parse_args() if not opts.sender or not opts.recipients: parser.print_help() sys.exit(1) directory = opts.directory if not directory: directory = '.' # Create the enclosing (outer) message outer = MIMEMultipart() outer['Subject'] = 'Contents of directory %s' % os.path.abspath(directory) outer['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(opts.recipients) outer['From'] = opts.sender outer.preamble = 'You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader. ' for filename in os.listdir(directory): path = os.path.join(directory, filename) if not os.path.isfile(path): continue # Guess the content type based on the file's extension. Encoding # will be ignored, although we should check for simple things like # gzip'd or compressed files. ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(path) if ctype is None or encoding is not None: # No guess could be made, or the file is encoded (compressed), so # use a generic bag-of-bits type. ctype = 'application/octet-stream' maintype, subtype = ctype.split('/', 1) if maintype == 'text': fp = open(path) # Note: we should handle calculating the charset msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) fp.close() elif maintype == 'image': fp = open(path, 'rb') msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) fp.close() elif maintype == 'audio': fp = open(path, 'rb') msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) fp.close() else: fp = open(path, 'rb') msg = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype) msg.set_payload(fp.read()) fp.close() # Encode the payload using Base64 encoders.encode_base64(msg) # Set the filename parameter msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename) outer.attach(msg) # Now send or store the message composed = outer.as_string() if opts.output: fp = open(opts.output, 'w') fp.write(composed) fp.close() else: s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') s.sendmail(opts.sender, opts.recipients, composed) s.quit() if __name__ == '__main__': main() 以下是如何将上述MIME消息解压缩到文件目录中的示例： #!/usr/bin/env python """Unpack a MIME message into a directory of files.""" import os import sys import email import errno import mimetypes from optparse import OptionParser def main(): parser = OptionParser(usage=""" Unpack a MIME message into a directory of files. Usage: %prog [options] msgfile """) parser.add_option('-d', '--directory', type='string', action='store', help="""Unpack the MIME message into the named directory, which will be created if it doesn't already exist.""") opts, args = parser.parse_args() if not opts.directory: parser.print_help() sys.exit(1) try: msgfile = args[0] except IndexError: parser.print_help() sys.exit(1) try: os.mkdir(opts.directory) except OSError as e: # Ignore directory exists error if e.errno != errno.EEXIST: raise fp = open(msgfile) msg = email.message_from_file(fp) fp.close() counter = 1 for part in msg.walk(): # multipart/* are just containers if part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart': continue # Applications should really sanitize the given filename so that an # email message can't be used to overwrite important files filename = part.get_filename() if not filename: ext = mimetypes.guess_extension(part.get_content_type()) if not ext: # Use a generic bag-of-bits extension ext = '.bin' filename = 'part-%03d%s' % (counter, ext) counter += 1 fp = open(os.path.join(opts.directory, filename), 'wb') fp.write(part.get_payload(decode=True)) fp.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main() 以下是如何使用备用纯文本版本创建HTML消息的示例：[2] #!/usr/bin/env python import smtplib from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText # me == my email address # you == recipient's email address me = "my@email.com" you = "your@email.com" # Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative. msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative') msg['Subject'] = "Link" msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = you # Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version). text = "Hi! How are you? Here is the link you wanted: https://www.python.org" html = """ <html> <head></head> <body> <p>Hi!<br> How are you?<br> Here is the <a href="https://www.python.org">link</a> you wanted. </p> </body> </html> """ # Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html. part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain') part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html') # Attach parts into message container. # According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case # the HTML message, is best and preferred. msg.attach(part1) msg.attach(part2) # Send the message via local SMTP server. s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') # sendmail function takes 3 arguments: sender's address, recipient's address # and message to send - here it is sent as one string. s.sendmail(me, you, msg.as_string()) s.quit()
以下是一些如何使用email包来读取，写入和发送简单电子邮件以及更复杂的MIME邮件的示例。
首先，让我们看看如何创建和发送简单的文本消息：
# Import smtplib for the actual sending function
import smtplib
# Import the email modules we'll need
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
# Open a plain text file for reading. For this example, assume that
# the text file contains only ASCII characters.
fp = open(textfile, 'rb')
# Create a text/plain message
msg = MIMEText(fp.read())
fp.close()
# me == the sender's email address
# you == the recipient's email address
msg['Subject'] = 'The contents of %s' % textfile
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = you
# Send the message via our own SMTP server, but don't include the
# envelope header.
s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
s.sendmail(me, [you], msg.as_string())
s.quit()
解析RFC822头文件可以通过Parser（）类的parse（filename）或parsestr（message_as_string）方法轻松完成：
# Import the email modules we'll need
from email.parser import Parser
# If the e-mail headers are in a file, uncomment this line:
#headers = Parser().parse(open(messagefile, 'r'))
# Or for parsing headers in a string, use:
headers = Parser().parsestr('From: <user@example.com>
'
'To: <someone_else@example.com>
'
'Subject: Test message
'
'
'
'Body would go here
')
# Now the header items can be accessed as a dictionary:
print 'To: %s' % headers['to']
print 'From: %s' % headers['from']
print 'Subject: %s' % headers['subject']
以下是如何发送包含可能驻留在目录中的一系列家庭照片的MIME消息的示例：
# Import smtplib for the actual sending function
import smtplib
# Here are the email package modules we'll need
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
COMMASPACE = ', '
# Create the container (outer) email message.
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = 'Our family reunion'
# me == the sender's email address
# family = the list of all recipients' email addresses
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(family)
msg.preamble = 'Our family reunion'
# Assume we know that the image files are all in PNG format
for file in pngfiles:
# Open the files in binary mode. Let the MIMEImage class automatically
# guess the specific image type.
fp = open(file, 'rb')
img = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
msg.attach(img)
# Send the email via our own SMTP server.
s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
s.sendmail(me, family, msg.as_string())
s.quit()
以下是如何将目录的全部内容作为电子邮件消息发送的示例：[1]
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message."""
import os
import sys
import smtplib
# For guessing MIME type based on file name extension
import mimetypes
from optparse import OptionParser
from email import encoders
from email.message import Message
from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
COMMASPACE = ', '
def main():
parser = OptionParser(usage="""
Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message.
Usage: %prog [options]
Unless the -o option is given, the email is sent by forwarding to your local
SMTP server, which then does the normal delivery process. Your local machine
must be running an SMTP server.
""")
parser.add_option('-d', '--directory',
type='string', action='store',
help="""Mail the contents of the specified directory,
otherwise use the current directory. Only the regular
files in the directory are sent, and we don't recurse to
subdirectories.""")
parser.add_option('-o', '--output',
type='string', action='store', metavar='FILE',
help="""Print the composed message to FILE instead of
sending the message to the SMTP server.""")
parser.add_option('-s', '--sender',
type='string', action='store', metavar='SENDER',
help='The value of the From: header (required)')
parser.add_option('-r', '--recipient',
type='string', action='append', metavar='RECIPIENT',
default=[], dest='recipients',
help='A To: header value (at least one required)')
opts, args = parser.parse_args()
if not opts.sender or not opts.recipients:
parser.print_help()
sys.exit(1)
directory = opts.directory
if not directory:
directory = '.'
# Create the enclosing (outer) message
outer = MIMEMultipart()
outer['Subject'] = 'Contents of directory %s' % os.path.abspath(directory)
outer['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(opts.recipients)
outer['From'] = opts.sender
outer.preamble = 'You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader.
'
for filename in os.listdir(directory):
path = os.path.join(directory, filename)
if not os.path.isfile(path):
continue
# Guess the content type based on the file's extension. Encoding
# will be ignored, although we should check for simple things like
# gzip'd or compressed files.
ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(path)
if ctype is None or encoding is not None:
# No guess could be made, or the file is encoded (compressed), so
# use a generic bag-of-bits type.
ctype = 'application/octet-stream'
maintype, subtype = ctype.split('/', 1)
if maintype == 'text':
fp = open(path)
# Note: we should handle calculating the charset
msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype)
fp.close()
elif maintype == 'image':
fp = open(path, 'rb')
msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype)
fp.close()
elif maintype == 'audio':
fp = open(path, 'rb')
msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype)
fp.close()
else:
fp = open(path, 'rb')
msg = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype)
msg.set_payload(fp.read())
fp.close()
# Encode the payload using Base64
encoders.encode_base64(msg)
# Set the filename parameter
msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename)
outer.attach(msg)
# Now send or store the message
composed = outer.as_string()
if opts.output:
fp = open(opts.output, 'w')
fp.write(composed)
fp.close()
else:
s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
s.sendmail(opts.sender, opts.recipients, composed)
s.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
以下是如何将上述MIME消息解压缩到文件目录中的示例：
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Unpack a MIME message into a directory of files."""
import os
import sys
import email
import errno
import mimetypes
from optparse import OptionParser
def main():
parser = OptionParser(usage="""
Unpack a MIME message into a directory of files.
Usage: %prog [options] msgfile
""")
parser.add_option('-d', '--directory',
type='string', action='store',
help="""Unpack the MIME message into the named
directory, which will be created if it doesn't already
exist.""")
opts, args = parser.parse_args()
if not opts.directory:
parser.print_help()
sys.exit(1)
try:
msgfile = args[0]
except IndexError:
parser.print_help()
sys.exit(1)
try:
os.mkdir(opts.directory)
except OSError as e:
# Ignore directory exists error
if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
raise
fp = open(msgfile)
msg = email.message_from_file(fp)
fp.close()
counter = 1
for part in msg.walk():
# multipart/* are just containers
if part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart':
continue
# Applications should really sanitize the given filename so that an
# email message can't be used to overwrite important files
filename = part.get_filename()
if not filename:
ext = mimetypes.guess_extension(part.get_content_type())
if not ext:
# Use a generic bag-of-bits extension
ext = '.bin'
filename = 'part-%03d%s' % (counter, ext)
counter += 1
fp = open(os.path.join(opts.directory, filename), 'wb')
fp.write(part.get_payload(decode=True))
fp.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
以下是如何使用备用纯文本版本创建HTML消息的示例：[2]
#!/usr/bin/env python
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
# me == my email address
# you == recipient's email address
me = "my@email.com"
you = "your@email.com"
# Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative.
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = "Link"
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = you
# Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version).
text = "Hi!
How are you?
Here is the link you wanted:
https://www.python.org"
html = """
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<p>Hi!<br>
How are you?<br>
Here is the <a href="https://www.python.org">link</a> you wanted.
</p>
</body>
</html>
"""
# Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.
part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain')
part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html')
# Attach parts into message container.
# According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case
# the HTML message, is best and preferred.
msg.attach(part1)
msg.attach(part2)
# Send the message via local SMTP server.
s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
# sendmail function takes 3 arguments: sender's address, recipient's address
# and message to send - here it is sent as one string.
s.sendmail(me, you, msg.as_string())
s.quit()