django--form相关

简单用法：

     Django提供 Form组件：
           1. 定义规则
               from django.forms import Form
               from django.forms import fields
               class xxx(Form):
                   xx = fields.CharField(required=True,max_lenght.,min,error_message=)

           2. 使用

               obj = xxx(request.POST)
               # 是否校验成功
               v = obj.is_valid()
                   # html标签name属性 = Form类字段名
               # 所有错误信息
               obj.errors

               # 正确信息
               obj.cleaned_data

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields

class LoginForm(Form):
    # 正则验证: 不能为空,6-18
    username = fields.CharField(
        max_length=18,
        min_length=6,
        required=True,
        error_messages={
            'required': '用户名不能为空',
            'min_length': '太短了',
            'max_length': '太长了',
        }
    )
    # 正则验证: 不能为空，16+
    password = fields.CharField(min_length=16,required=True)
    # email = fields.EmailField()
    # email = fields.GenericIPAddressField()
    # email = fields.IntegerField()


def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,'login.html')
    else:
       obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
       if obj.is_valid():
           # 用户输入格式正确
           print(obj.cleaned_data) # 字典类型
           return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')
       else:
           # 用户输入格式错误
           return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj})



    <form method="POST" action="/login/">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>
            用户：<input type="text" name="username"/>{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}
        </p>
        <p>
            密码：<input type="password" name="password"/>{{ obj.errors.password.0 }}
        </p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />{{ msg }}
    </form>

View Code

wupeiqi/articles/5703697.html

1 校验字段功能

针对一个实例：注册用户讲解。

模型：models.py

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField(

模版文件

复制代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

</head>
<body>

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <label for="user">用户名</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="pwd">密码</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
    </div>
     <div>
        <label for="email">邮箱</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
    </div>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

视图函数

# forms组件
from django.forms import widgets

wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
                         widget=wid_01
                         )
    pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
    tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)



def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)       #
            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
        return HttpResponse("OK")
    form=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

2 渲染标签功能

渲染方式一

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
   <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>注册页面</h3>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

                <form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div>
                        <label for="">用户名</label>
                        {{ form.name }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">密码</label>
                        {{ form.pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">确认密码</label>
                        {{ form.r_pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for=""> 邮箱</label>
                        {{ form.email }}
                    </div>

                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
                </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>



</body>
</html>

渲染方式二（推荐）

<form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    
                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div>
                            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
                            {{ field }}
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}
                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
                
</form>

渲染方式三

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    
    {{ form.as_p }}

    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">

</form>

3 渲染错误信息功能

视图

def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)       #
            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
        return render(request,"register.html",locals())
    form=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

模板

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}
    
    {% for field in form %}
        <div>
            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">

</form>

4 组件的参数配置

class Ret(Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用户名',
                           error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误', 'max_length': '太长',
                                           'min_length': '太短'},
                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
    pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
    email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'})

5 局部钩子 (针对字段添加自己需要的，重写函数)

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
def clean_name(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")

        ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)

        if not ret:
            return val
        else:
            raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!")

    def clean_tel(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel")

        if len(val)==11:

            return val
        else:
            raise  ValidationError("手机号格式错误")

6 全局钩子 (添加全局的认证，重写函数)

def clean(self):
        pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
        r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')

        if pwd and r_pwd:
            if pwd==r_pwd:
                return self.cleaned_data
            else:
                raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
        else:

            return self.cleaned_data

获取全局的错误信息 pwd_err=my_form.errors.get('all')

例子

MyForm

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.





from app01.myforms import *


def reg(request):

    if request.method=="POST":

        print(request.POST)

        #form=UserForm({"name":"yu","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"alex"})


        form=UserForm(request.POST) # form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致

        print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布尔值

        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"email":"123@qq.com"}
            # print(form.errors)        # {"name":[".........."]}
            # print(type(form.errors))  # ErrorDict
            # print(form.errors.get("name"))
            # print(type(form.errors.get("name")))    # ErrorList
            # print(form.errors.get("name")[0])


            #   全局钩子错误
            #print("error",form.errors.get("__all__")[0])
            errors=form.errors.get("__all__")


            return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

        '''

        form.is_valid()   :返回布尔值
        form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
        form.errors       :{"name":[".........."]}

        '''


    form=UserForm()

    return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

视图函数