分区是rdd的一个属性，每个分区是一个迭代器
分区器是决定数据数据如何分区
RDD划分成许多分区分布到集群的节点上，分区的多少涉及对这个RDD进行并行计算的粒度。用户可以获取分区数和设置分区数目，默认分区数为程序分配到的CPU核数。
spark中，RDD计算是以分区为单位的，而且计算函数都是在对迭代器复合，不需要保存每次计算的结果。
scala> val numrdd=sc.makeRDD(1 to 10,3)
numrdd: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[Int] = ParallelCollectionRDD[0] at makeRDD at <console>:24
scala> import org.apache.spark.TaskContext
import org.apache.spark.TaskContext
scala> numrdd.foreach(x=>{println(TaskContext.get.partitionId+"|"+x)})
[Stage 0:> (0 + 0) / 3]2|7
2|8
2|9
2|10
0|1
0|2
0|3
1|4
1|5
1|6
scala> numrdd.foreach(x=>{println(TaskContext.getPartitionId+"|"+x)})
1|4
1|5
1|6
0|1
0|2
0|3
2|7
2|8
2|9
2|10
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
scala> val parRDD=sc.makeRDD(Array((100,"dog"),(100,"cat"),(200,"pear"),(100,"tiger"),(200,"apple"),(100,"lion"),(200,"banana"),(100,"elephent"),(300,"paper"),(300,"pen"),(200,"pig"),(300,"ballpen")))
parRDD: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, String)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[40] at makeRDD at <console>:25
scala> parRDD.partitions.length
res41: Int = 4
scala> parRDD.foreach(x=>{println(x+"|"+TaskContext.get.partitionId)})
(100,elephent)|3
(200,pear)|1
(300,paper)|3
(200,apple)|2
(100,lion)|2
(200,banana)|2
(100,tiger)|1
(100,dog)|0
(100,cat)|0
(300,pen)|4
(200,pig)|4
(300,ballpen)|4
scala> parRDD.foreach(x=>{println(x+"|"+TaskContext.get.stageId)})
(200,apple)|45
(100,lion)|45
(200,banana)|45
(100,dog)|45
(100,cat)|45
(200,pear)|45
(100,elephent)|45
(300,paper)|45
(100,tiger)|45
(300,pen)|45
(200,pig)|45
(300,ballpen)|45
scala> parRDD.foreach(x=>{println(x+"|"+TaskContext.get.taskAttemptId)})
(200,apple)|190
(100,lion)|190
(200,banana)|190
(100,elephent)|191
(300,paper)|191
(200,pear)|189
(100,tiger)|189
(100,dog)|188
(100,cat)|188
(300,pen)|192
(200,pig)|192
(300,ballpen)|192
scala> parRDD.foreach(x=>{println(x+"|"+TaskContext.get.taskMetrics)})
(100,dog)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@339a1fc
(100,elephent)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@2c0eca15
(200,pear)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@3850cb6d
(200,apple)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@38090055
(100,tiger)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@3850cb6d
(100,cat)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@339a1fc
(300,paper)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@2c0eca15
(100,lion)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@38090055
(200,banana)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@38090055
(300,pen)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@125f9f17
(200,pig)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@125f9f17
(300,ballpen)|org.apache.spark.executor.TaskMetrics@125f9f17
//查看每个分区的数据
scala> def partitionValueWthID(id:Int,iter:Iterator[(Int,String)])=({var result=scala.collection.mutable.Map[Int,List[(Int,String)]](); while(iter.hasNext){var partid=id;if(result.contains(partid)){var elems=result(partid);elems::=iter.next;result(partid)=elems; } else result(partid)=List[(Int,String)]{iter.next}};result.toIterator})
partitionValueWthID: (id: Int, iter: Iterator[(Int, String)])Iterator[(Int, List[(Int, String)])]
scala> def partitionValueWthID(id:Int,iter:Iterator[(Int,String)])=
(
{
var result=scala.collection.mutable.Map[Int,List[(Int,String)]]();
while(iter.hasNext){
var partid=id;
if(result.contains(partid)) //如果分区ID的键存在，则调整键的值
{
var elems=result(partid);
elems::=iter.next;
result(partid)=elems;
}
else //键值不存在，则直接赋值
result(partid)=List[(Int,String)]{iter.next}
};
result.toIterator
}
)
partitionValueWthID: (id: Int, iter: Iterator[(Int, String)])Iterator[(Int, List[(Int, String)])]
scala> def partitionValueWthID(id:Int,iter:Iterator[(Int,String)])=({var result=scala.collection.mutable.Map[Int,List[(Int,String)]](); while(iter.hasNext){var partid=id;var elem=iter.next;if(result.contains(partid)){var elems=result(partid);elems::=elem;result(partid)=elems; } else result(partid)=List[(Int,String)]{elem}};result.toIterator})
partitionValueWthID: (id: Int, iter: Iterator[(Int, String)])Iterator[(Int, List[(Int, String)])]
scala> parRDD.mapPartitionsWithIndex(partitionValueWthID).collect
scala> parRDD.mapPartitionsWithIndex(partitionValueWthID).collect
res45: Array[(Int, List[(Int, String)])] = Array((0,List((100,cat), (100,dog))), (1,List((100,tiger), (200,pear))), (2,List((200,banana), (100,lion), (200,apple))), (3,List((300,paper), (100,elephent))), (4,List((300,ballpen), (200,pig), (300,pen))))
或者
scala> import org.apache.spark.TaskContext
import org.apache.spark.TaskContext
scala> parRDD.map(x=>(TaskContext.getPartitionId,x)).groupByKey().collect
res44: Array[(Int, Iterable[(Int, String)])] = Array((0,CompactBuffer((100,dog), (100,cat))), (1,CompactBuffer((200,pear), (100,tiger))), (2,CompactBuffer((200,apple), (100,lion), (200,banana))), (3,CompactBuffer((100,elephent), (300,paper))), (4,CompactBuffer((300,pen), (200,pig), (300,ballpen))))
-----------------------
自定义分区
scala> val parRDD=sc.makeRDD(Array((100,"dog"),(100,"cat"),(200,"pear"),(100,"tiger"),(200,"apple"),(100,"lion"),(200,"banana"),(100,"elephent"),(300,"paper"),(300,"pen"),(200,"pig"),(300,"ballpen")))
parRDD: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, String)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[70] at makeRDD at <console>:27
scala> def partitionValueWthID(id:Int,iter:Iterator[(Int,String)])=({var result=scala.collection.mutable.Map[Int,List[(Int,String)]](); while(iter.hasNext){var partid=id;var elem=iter.next;if(result.contains(partid)){var elems=result(partid);elems::=elem;result(partid)=elems; } else result(partid)=List[(Int,String)]{elem}};result.toIterator})
partitionValueWthID: (id: Int, iter: Iterator[(Int, String)])Iterator[(Int, List[(Int, String)])]
scala> class MyPartitioner extends org.apache.spark.Partitioner{
| override def numPartitions: Int = 2
| override def getPartition(key: Any): Int = {
| val k = key.toString.toInt
| if(k > 100){
| return 1
| }else{
| return 0
| }
| }
| }
defined class MyPartitioner
scala> parRDD.partitionBy(new MyPartitioner).mapPartitionsWithIndex(partitionValueWthID).collect
res25: Array[(Int, List[(Int, String)])] = Array((0,List((100,elephent), (100,lion), (100,tiger), (100,cat), (100,dog))), (1,List((300,ballpen), (200,pig), (300,pen), (300,paper), (200,banana), (200,apple), (200,pear))))
------------------------------------------------------
scala> val arr=parRDD.keys.distinct.collect
arr: Array[Int] = Array(100, 300, 200)
scala> class MyPartitioner1(parts:Array[Int]) extends org.apache.spark.Partitioner{
| override def numPartitions: Int = parts.length+1
| val rules=new scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[Int,Int]()
| var i=1
| for(x<-parts)
| {
| rules+=(x->i)
| i+=1
| }
| override def getPartition(key: Any): Int = {
| val k = key.toString.toInt
| rules.getOrElse(k,0)
| }
| }
defined class MyPartitioner1
class MyPartitioner1(parts:Array[Int]) extends org.apache.spark.Partitioner{
override def numPartitions: Int = parts.length+1 //定义分区数
//定义分区规则
val rules=new scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[Int,Int]()
var i=1
for(x<-parts)
{
rules+=(x->i)
i+=1
}
//根据传输的key来确定该记录写入哪个分区
override def getPartition(key: Any): Int = {
val k = key.toString.toInt
rules.getOrElse(k,0)
}
}
scala> parRDD.partitionBy(new MyPartitioner1(arr)).mapPartitionsWithIndex(partitionValueWthID).collect
res55: Array[(Int, List[(Int, String)])] = Array((1,List((100,elephent), (100,lion), (100,tiger), (100,cat), (100,dog))), (2,List((300,ballpen), (300,pen), (300,paper))), (3,List((200,pig), (200,banana), (200,apple), (200,pear))))
-----------------------------------------
repartition和partitionBy的区别
repartition 和 partitionBy 都是对数据进行重新分区，默认都是使用 HashPartitioner，区别在于partitionBy 只能用于 PairRdd,当它们同时都用于 PairRdd时,partitionBy更接近我们的预期。repartition 其实使用了一个随机生成的数来当做 Key
scala> val parRDD=sc.makeRDD(Array((100,"dog"),(100,"cat"),(200,"pear"),(100,"tiger"),(200,"apple"),(101,"lion"),(201,"banana"),(101,"elephent"),(300,"paper"),(300,"pen"),(200,"pig"),(300,"ballpen")))
parRDD: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, String)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[8] at makeRDD at <console>:25
scala> def partitionValueWthID(id:Int,iter:Iterator[(Int,String)])=({var result=scala.collection.mutable.Map[Int,List[(Int,String)]](); while(iter.hasNext){var partid=id;var elem=iter.next;if(result.contains(partid)){var elems=result(partid);elems::=elem;result(partid)=elems; } else result(partid)=List[(Int,String)]{elem}};result.toIterator})
partitionValueWthID: (id: Int, iter: Iterator[(Int, String)])Iterator[(Int, List[(Int, String)])]
scala> parRDD.repartition(4).mapPartitionsWithIndex(partitionValueWthID).collect
res3: Array[(Int, List[(Int, String)])] = Array((0,List((200,pig), (101,elephent), (200,apple), (100,cat))), (1,List((300,ballpen), (300,paper), (101,lion), (200,pear))), (3,List((300,pen), (201,banana), (100,tiger), (100,dog))))
scala> parRDD.partitionBy(new HashPartitioner(4)).mapPartitionsWithIndex(partitionValueWthID).collect
res7: Array[(Int, List[(Int, String)])] = Array((0,List((300,ballpen), (200,pig), (300,pen), (300,paper), (200,apple), (100,tiger), (200,pear), (100,cat), (100,dog))), (1,List((101,elephent), (201,banana), (101,lion))))
spark 2.2源码RDD.scala中的定义
var position = (new Random(index)).nextInt(numPartitions)
----------------------
RDD分区函数（Partitioner)
分区划分对于shuffle类操作很关键，它决定了该操作的父RDD与子RDD之间的依赖关系。宽依赖或者窄依赖。
spark默认提供两种划分器：哈希分区划分器（HashPartitioner)和范围分区划分器(RangePartitioner),且Partitioner只存在于（K,V)类型的RDD中，非（K,V)类型的partitioner值为None。
scala> val parRDD=sc.makeRDD(Array((100,"dog"),(100,"cat"),(200,"pear"),(100,"tiger"),(200,"apple"),(100,"lion"),(200,"banana"),(100,"elephent"),(300,"paper"),(300,"pen"),(200,"pig"),(300,"ballpen")))
parRDD: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, String)] = ParallelCollectionRDD[63] at makeRDD at <console>:25
scala> nums.partitioner
res18: Option[org.apache.spark.Partitioner] = None
scala> val groupRDD=parRDD.groupByKey()
groupRDD: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, Iterable[String])] = ShuffledRDD[62] at groupByKey at <console>:27
scala> groupRDD.partitioner
res24: Option[org.apache.spark.Partitioner] = Some(org.apache.spark.HashPartitioner@4)
scala> val lenRDD=groupRDD.mapValues(x=>{val arr=x.toArray;arr.length})
lenRDD: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(Int, Int)] = MapPartitionsRDD[70] at mapValues at <console>:29
scala> lenRDD.partitioner
res34: Option[org.apache.spark.Partitioner] = Some(org.apache.spark.HashPartitioner@5)
scala> lenRDD.collect
res35: Array[(Int, Int)] = Array((100,5), (300,3), (200,4))