Direct3D 顶点缓存

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今天我们来学习下Direct3D的顶点和顶点缓存,首先我们需要在场景中绘制一些物体,物体都是由多个三角形组成,每一个三角形由三个顶点组成,我们来看下面一个NPC的模型

左图:正常的模型                      右图:看的出模型是有多个三角形组成

现在我们知道了一个模型最小单位是一个顶点. 如果我们需要自己绘制物体,就要学习下Direct3D如何创建顶点. 顶点在Direct3D中叫顶点缓存(VertexBuffer),顶点缓存保存了顶点的一些数据空间,比如位置,颜色,法向量等等.

定制顶点缓存(FVF)格式:

刚刚说了顶点有很多信息,有的时候我们只需要一些信息,根据自己需要定制顶点缓存

//坐标位置和颜色的顶点
struct CUSTOMVERTEX1
{
    float x,y,z;        
    DWORD color;
};
//等下创建顶点缓存,要传入这个宏,Direct3D才知道我们用的是那种顶点
#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX1 (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE);

//坐标位置和法向量的顶点
struct CUSTOMVERTEX2
{
    float x,y,z;            
    float nx,ny,nz;        //法向量
    float u,v;            //纹理坐标
};
#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX2 (D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE | D3DFVF_TEX1);

FVF常用格式

D3DFVF_XYZ	未经过坐标变换的顶点坐标值,不可以和D3DFVF_XYZRHW一起使用
D3DFVF_XYZRHW	经过坐标变换的顶点坐标值,不可以和D3DFVF_XYZ,D3DFVF_NORMAL一起使用
D3DFVF_XYZB1~5	顶点混合的权重值
D3DFVF_NORMAL	法线向量的数值
D3DFVF_DIFFUSE	漫反射的颜色值
D3DFVF_SPECULAR	镜面反射的数值
D3DFVF_TEX1~8	1~8纹理坐标的信息(纹理=贴图)

顶点格式的顺序原则:

顶点坐标位置->RHW值->顶点混合权重值->顶点法向量->漫反射颜色值->镜面反射颜色值->纹理坐标信息

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创建顶点缓存:

LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pVertexBuffer = NULL;        //顶点缓存对象
Device->CreateVertexBuffer(4*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX1), 0 , D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX1 , D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,&g_pVertexBuffer,NULL);

 

访问顶点缓存:

//创建顶点缓存
if(FAILED(g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(3*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),0,D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,&g_pVertexBuffer,NULL)))
{
    return E_FAIL;
}

//创建顶点数据
CUSTOMVERTEX vertices [] = 
{
    { 100.0f, 100.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0,0), },
    { 300.0f, 100.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), }, 
    { 300.0f, 300.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0), },
};

//填充顶点缓冲区
VOID *pVertices;
if(FAILED(g_pVertexBuffer->Lock(0,sizeof(vertices),(void**)&pVertices,0)))        //加锁
{
    return E_FAIL;
}

memcpy(pVertices,vertices,sizeof(vertices));        //把顶点数据保存到顶点缓存中
g_pVertexBuffer->Unlock();                            //解锁


g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE,false);

 

图形的绘制: 上面我们已经准备好了顶点数据,现在只需要把顶点绘制到屏幕上就可以啦,绘制图形都是的BeginScene() 和 EndScene()函数中间,接下来我们需要依次调用以下函数,、

1. IDirect3DDevice9::SetStreamSource() 设置顶点源

2. IDirect3DDevice9::SetFVF() 设置灵活顶点格式

3. IDirect3DDevice9::DrawPrimitive() 绘制图形

g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource(0,g_pVertexBuffer,0,sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX));        //设置绘制的顶点数据
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF(D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX);                                      //设置灵活顶点格式
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST,0,2);                            //绘制两个三角形

效果图:

全部代码:

#include <d3d9.h>
#include <d3dx9.h>
#include <tchar.h>

#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"d3dx9.lib")

#define WINDOW_WIDTH 800
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 600
#define WINDOW_TITLE L"盘子脸的程序"
#define SAFE_RELEASE(p) { if(p) { (p) -> Release();(p)=NULL;} }


struct  CUSTOMVERTEX
{
    float x,y,z,rhw;
    DWORD color;
};
#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE) 

//声明变量
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice = NULL;
ID3DXFont* g_pFont = NULL;                    
float g_FPS = 0.0f;
wchar_t g_strFPS[50];            //包含帧速率的字符
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pVertexBuffer = NULL;            //顶点缓冲区对象

//全局函数声明部分
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd,UINT message,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam);
HRESULT Direct3DInit(HWND hwnd);
HRESULT ObjectsInit(HWND hwnd);
VOID Direct3DRender(HWND hwnd);
VOID Direct3DCleanUp();



//主函数
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nShowCmd)
{
    //设置一个完整的窗口类,没有设置图标
    WNDCLASSEX wndClass = {0};
    wndClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;            //设置窗口样式
    wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wndClass.hInstance = hInstance;
    wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);
    wndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH);
    wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wndClass.lpszClassName = L"GameDevelop";


    //注册窗口类
    if(!RegisterClassEx(&wndClass))
    {
        return -1;
    }

    //正式创建窗口
    HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(L"GameDevelop",WINDOW_TITLE,WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,WINDOW_WIDTH,
        WINDOW_HEIGHT,NULL,NULL,hInstance,NULL);

    //初始化Direct3D资源
    if(!(S_OK == Direct3DInit(hwnd)))
    {
        MessageBox(hwnd,_T("初始化Direct3D失败"),_T("盘子脸的消息窗口"),0);
    }


    MoveWindow(hwnd,250,80,WINDOW_WIDTH,WINDOW_HEIGHT,true);
    ShowWindow(hwnd,nShowCmd);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    //消息循环过程
    MSG msg = {0};        
    while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
    {
        if(PeekMessage(&msg,0,0,0,PM_REMOVE))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }else
        {
            Direct3DRender(hwnd);
        }
    }

    //窗口类的注销
    UnregisterClass(L"GameDevelop",wndClass.hInstance);

    return 0;
}

//消息处理函数
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd,UINT message,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_PAINT:
        Direct3DRender(hwnd);
        ValidateRect(hwnd,NULL);
        break;
    case WM_KEYDOWN:
        if(wParam == VK_ESCAPE)
        {
            DestroyWindow(hwnd);
        }
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        Direct3DCleanUp();                //失败Direct3D资源
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd,message,wParam,lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

HRESULT Direct3DInit(HWND hwnd)
{
    //创建Direct3D接口对象
    LPDIRECT3D9 pD3D = NULL;
    if(NULL == (pD3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION)))
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    //获取硬件消息
    D3DCAPS9 caps;
    int vp = 0;
    if(FAILED(pD3D->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,&caps)))
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    if(caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT)
    {
        //支出硬件顶点运算
        vp = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
    }
    else
    {
        vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
    }


    //填充Direct3Dpresent参数
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
    ZeroMemory(&d3dpp,sizeof(d3dpp));
    d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = WINDOW_WIDTH;
    d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = WINDOW_HEIGHT;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
    d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;
    d3dpp.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
    d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality = 0;
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hwnd;
    d3dpp.Windowed = true;
    d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
    d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D24S8;
    d3dpp.Flags = 0;
    d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 0;
    d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;


    //创建Direct3D设备接口
    if(FAILED(pD3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,hwnd,vp,&d3dpp,&g_pd3dDevice)))
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    SAFE_RELEASE(pD3D);

    if(!(S_OK == ObjectsInit(hwnd)))
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    return S_OK;
}

HRESULT ObjectsInit(HWND hwnd)
{
    //创建字体
    if(FAILED(D3DXCreateFont(g_pd3dDevice,36,0,0,1,false,DEFAULT_CHARSET,OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS,DEFAULT_QUALITY,0,_T("微软雅黑"),&g_pFont)))
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    //创建顶点缓存
    if(FAILED(g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(3*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),0,D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,&g_pVertexBuffer,NULL)))
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    //创建顶点数据
    CUSTOMVERTEX vertices [] = 
    {
        { 100.0f, 100.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0,0), },
        { 300.0f, 100.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), }, 
        { 300.0f, 300.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0), },
    };

    //填充顶点缓冲区
    VOID *pVertices;
    if(FAILED(g_pVertexBuffer->Lock(0,sizeof(vertices),(void**)&pVertices,0)))        //加锁
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    memcpy(pVertices,vertices,sizeof(vertices));        //把顶点数据保存到顶点缓存中
    g_pVertexBuffer->Unlock();                            //解锁


    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE,false);
    return S_OK;

}

void Direct3DRender(HWND hwnd)
{
    g_pd3dDevice->Clear(0,NULL,D3DCLEAR_TARGET,D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0),1.0f,0);
    
    //定义一个矩形
    RECT formatRect;
    GetClientRect(hwnd,&formatRect);

    g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();
    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE,D3DSHADE_GOURAUD);

    //绘制图形
    g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource(0,g_pVertexBuffer,0,sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX));        //设置绘制的顶点数据
    g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF(D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX);                                        //设置灵活顶点格式
    g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST,0,2);                            //绘制两个三角形

    //绘制文本信息
    g_pFont->DrawTextW(NULL,L"盘子脸",3,&formatRect,DT_TOP | DT_RIGHT , D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,39,136));

    g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
    g_pd3dDevice->Present(NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL);
}

void Direct3DCleanUp()
{
    SAFE_RELEASE(g_pVertexBuffer);
    SAFE_RELEASE(g_pFont);
    SAFE_RELEASE(g_pd3dDevice);
}