WinDbg
OllyDbg
SoftICE （已经停止更新）
虽说WinDbg在无源码调试方面确实比较困难，但在调试内核方面却真的有独到之处。
https://www.pediy.com/kssd/pediy10/94457.html
使用Windbg解析dump文件
1 常用的Windbg指令
①!analyze -v ②kP 可以看函数的入参 ③!for_each_frame dv /t 可以看函数中的局部变量 ④dc , db 产看某一内存中的值 可以直接接变量名 不过可能需要回溯栈 ⑤!threads 显示所有线程 ⑥~0s ， ~1s 进入某个线程 ⑦!frame ProcessA!FunctionA 查看某一变量有时需要。 回溯栈 ⑧!uniqstack 扩展命令显示当前进程中所有线程的调用堆栈，除开重复的那些。 ⑨!teb 扩展以的格式化后的形式显示线程环境块(TEB)的信息。 ⑩s-sa 和 s-su 命令搜索未指定的 ASCII 和 Unicode 字符串。这在检查某段内存是否包含可打印字符时有用。 ⑪dds、dps 和 dqs 命令显示给定范围内存的内容。 该内存被假定为符号表中的一连串地址。相应的符号也会被显示出来。命令显示给定范围内存的内容,它们是把内存区域转储出来，
并把内存中每个元素都视为一个符号对其进行解析，dds是四字节视为一个符号，dqs是每8字节视为一个符号，dps是根据当前处理器架构来选择最合适的长度 ⑫.kframes 命令设置堆栈回溯显示的默认长度。默认20 ⑬k, kb, kd, kp, kP, kv (Display Stack Backtrace) k*命令显示给定线程的调用堆栈，以及其他相关信息。通常要结合12)使用否则显示出来的东西很少 ⑭.reload /i xxx.dll 忽略.pdb 文件版本不匹配的情况。
2 Symbol的设置方法
2.1 将远程的系统函数的PDB文件拷贝到本地「D:mysymbol」目录下
SRV*D:mysymbol*http://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols
2.2 加载设置的符号文件
.reload
可以使用菜单中的 Debug -> Modules 查看有没有加载进来
第三章 实例
实例1 如何调查堆被破坏问题。
实例1 如何调查堆被破坏问题。
错误代码：0xc0000374
错误含义：ACTIONABLE_HEAP_CORRUPTION_heap_failure_buffer_overrun
第一步、先用「!analyze -v」分析出错误的地方以及由于什么原因导致程序Dump掉的。
无非是内存溢出，访问非法地址等几种。
0:009> !analyze -v
*******************************************************************************
* *
* Exception Analysis *
* *
*******************************************************************************
GetPageUrlData failed, server returned HTTP status 404
URL requested: http://watson.microsoft.com/StageOne/ProcessA_exe/1_0_0_1/5134aefd/ntdll_dll/6_1_7601_18229/51fb164a/c0000374/000c4102.htm?Retriage=1
FAULTING_IP:
ntdll!RtlReportCriticalFailure+62
00000000`777b4102 eb00 jmp ntdll!RtlReportCriticalFailure+0x64 (00000000`777b4104)
EXCEPTION_RECORD: ffffffffffffffff -- (.exr 0xffffffffffffffff)
ExceptionAddress: 00000000777b4102 (ntdll!RtlReportCriticalFailure+0x0000000000000062)
ExceptionCode: c0000374
ExceptionFlags: 00000001
NumberParameters: 1
Parameter[0]: 000000007782b4b0
PROCESS_NAME: ProcessA.exe
ERROR_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xc0000374 - <Unable to get error code text>
EXCEPTION_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xc0000374 - <Unable to get error code text>
EXCEPTION_PARAMETER1: 000000007782b4b0
MOD_LIST: <ANALYSIS/>
NTGLOBALFLAG: 0
APPLICATION_VERIFIER_FLAGS: 0
FAULTING_THREAD: 0000000000002f8c
DEFAULT_BUCKET_ID: ACTIONABLE_HEAP_CORRUPTION_heap_failure_buffer_overrun
PRIMARY_PROBLEM_CLASS: ACTIONABLE_HEAP_CORRUPTION_heap_failure_buffer_overrun
BUGCHECK_STR: APPLICATION_FAULT_ACTIONABLE_HEAP_CORRUPTION_heap_failure_buffer_overrun
LAST_CONTROL_TRANSFER: from 00000000777b4746 to 00000000777b4102
STACK_TEXT:
00000000`0548e170 00000000`777b4746 : 00000000`00000002 00000000`00000023 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000003 : ntdll!RtlReportCriticalFailure+0x62
00000000`0548e240 00000000`777b5952 : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`1c01001d : ntdll!RtlpReportHeapFailure+0x26
00000000`0548e270 00000000`777b7604 : 00000000`00c50000 00000000`00c50000 00000000`0000000a 00000000`00000000 : ntdll!RtlpHeapHandleError+0x12
00000000`0548e2a0 00000000`777b79e8 : 00000000`00c50000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00100000 00000000`00000000 : ntdll!RtlpLogHeapFailure+0xa4
00000000`0548e2d0 00000000`7774fad6 : 00000000`00c50000 00000000`00c59e50 00000000`00c50000 00000000`00000000 : ntdll!RtlpAnalyzeHeapFailure+0x3a8
00000000`0548e330 00000000`777434d8 : 00000000`00c50000 00000000`00000003 00000000`000006cc 00000000`000006e0 : ntdll!RtlpAllocateHeap+0x1d2a
00000000`0548e8d0 00000000`777247ea : 00000000`00000003 00000000`00c5ee80 00000000`00c50278 00000000`000006cc : ntdll!RtlAllocateHeap+0x16c
00000000`0548e9e0 00000000`77723ff2 : 00000000`00c50000 00000000`00000003 00000000`00c5ee90 00000000`000006cc : ntdll!RtlpReAllocateHeap+0x648
00000000`0548eca0 00000000`750c712f : 00000000`0548fbe8 00000000`00c5ee90 00000000`00000000 00000000`000005ac : ntdll!RtlReAllocateHeap+0xa2
00000000`0548edb0 00000001`40010f6f : 00000000`00000000 00000000`0548fbe8 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000661 : msvcr80!realloc+0x6f [f:ddvctoolscrt_bldself_64_amd64crtsrc
ealloc.c @ 332]
00000000`0548ede0 00000001`4000f63c : ffffffff`ffffffff 00000000`0548ff10 00000000`00c97fd0 00000000`0548fe48 : ProcessA!FunctionA_AnalyzeEventData+0xfcf [e:ProcessAFunctionA_sockserv.cpp @ 1666]
00000000`0548f8a0 00000000`774e652d : 00000000`000002a0 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : ProcessA!FunctionA_SockWork+0xe1c [e:ProcessAFunctionA_sockserv.cpp @ 1102]
00000000`0548ff60 00000000`7771c541 : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : kernel32!BaseThreadInitThunk+0xd
00000000`0548ff90 00000000`00000000 : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : ntdll!RtlUserThreadStart+0x1d
STACK_COMMAND: !heap ; ~9s; .ecxr ; kb
FOLLOWUP_IP:
msvcr80!realloc+6f [f:ddvctoolscrt_bldself_64_amd64crtsrc
ealloc.c @ 332]
00000000`750c712f 4885c0 test rax,rax
SYMBOL_STACK_INDEX: 9
SYMBOL_NAME: msvcr80!realloc+6f
FOLLOWUP_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE_NAME: msvcr80
IMAGE_NAME: msvcr80.dll
DEBUG_FLR_IMAGE_TIMESTAMP: 4ec3407e
FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: ACTIONABLE_HEAP_CORRUPTION_heap_failure_buffer_overrun_c0000374_msvcr80.dll!realloc
BUCKET_ID: X64_APPLICATION_FAULT_ACTIONABLE_HEAP_CORRUPTION_heap_failure_buffer_overrun_msvcr80!realloc+6f
WATSON_STAGEONE_URL: http://watson.microsoft.com/StageOne/ProcessA_exe/1_0_0_1/5134aefd/ntdll_dll/6_1_7601_18229/51fb164a/c0000374/000c4102.htm?Retriage=1
Followup: MachineOwner
---------
第二步、使用「!heap」找出出错的堆。分析出错的原因。
0000000000c59c80
0000000000c59e50 ←出错的堆地址。
0000000000c59fd0
大家应该有这样的常识，在使用malloc()或者realloc()分配出来的空间的前面都有
相应的管理情报，用来记录这块分配的内存的大小以及返回的时候用的情报。
从这里很自然的猜想到，在写往0000000000c59c80里面写数据的时候写过了，
写到0000000000c59e50上去了，导致它的管理情报被覆盖了。从而程序dump掉了。
0:009> !heap
**************************************************************
* *
* HEAP ERROR DETECTED *
* *
**************************************************************
Details:
Error address: 0000000000c59e50
Heap handle: 0000000000c50000
Error type heap_failure_buffer_overrun (6)
Parameter 1: 000000000000000a
Last known valid blocks: before - 0000000000c59c80, after -0000000000c59fd0
Stack trace:
00000000777b79e8: ntdll!RtlpAnalyzeHeapFailure+0x00000000000003a8
000000007774fad6: ntdll!RtlpAllocateHeap+0x0000000000001d2a
00000000777434d8: ntdll!RtlAllocateHeap+0x000000000000016c
00000000777247ea: ntdll!RtlpReAllocateHeap+0x0000000000000648
0000000077723ff2: ntdll!RtlReAllocateHeap+0x00000000000000a2
00000000750c712f: msvcr80!realloc+0x000000000000006f
0000000140010f6f: ProcessA!FunctionA_AnalyzeEventData+0x0000000000000fcf
000000014000f63c: ProcessA!FunctionA_SockWork+0x0000000000000e1c
00000000774e652d: kernel32!BaseThreadInitThunk+0x000000000000000d
000000007771c541: ntdll!RtlUserThreadStart+0x000000000000001d
Index Address Name Debugging options enabled
1: 001f0000
2: 00010000
3: 00020000
4: 00670000
5: 00950000
6: 00c50000
7: 00910000
8: 00bc0000
9: 010e0000
10: 01220000
11: 01420000
12: 00c30000
13: 03660000
14: 00ba0000
15: 037b0000
16: 01340000
17: 039a0000
第三步、使用「!for_each_frame dv /t」打印出错函数的局部变量，找出元凶。
从下面的变量里面找到距离0000000000c59c80地址最近的变量，对了就是它:
char * pData_n = 0x00000000`00c59c90 "SE:Security: ???"
※注意如果变量值指针的指针需要先用dc看一下该指针指向的地址。
之后看代码知道，程序在读取pData_n的数据的时候如果遇到是0a(Windos换行符)就自动在后面加上0d变成0a0d。导致pData_n内存越界了。
0a------换行符号－－－－－－"
"
0d------回车符号－－－－－－"
"
一般在windows系统中两个连用，"
"------0d0a
0:009> !for_each_frame dv /t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 00000000`0548edb0 00000001`40010f6f msvcr80!realloc+0x6f [f:ddvctoolscrt_bldself_64_amd64crtsrc ealloc.c @ 332] void * pBlock = 0x00000000`00000000 unsigned int64 newsize = 0x548fbe8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 00000000`0548ede0 00000001`4000f63c ProcessA!FunctionA_AnalyzeEventData+0xfcf [e:ProcessAFunctionA_sockserv.cpp @ 1666] void * cd = 0xffffffff`ffffffff struct _MpEvsHead * Head = 0x00000000`0548ff10 char * pEventData = 0x00000000`00c97fd0 "???" char ** pNewData = 0x00000000`0548fe48 char * SiteName = 0x00000000`0548fe18 "" int oval_check = 0n0 char * pszHostIp = 0x00000000`0548fbf0 "192.168.1.1" int j = 0n469 int NodeName_check = 0n0 char [2068] eventtext = char [2068] "SE:Security: ???" unsigned long err = 0 int NL_henkan = 0n1 int Evttxt_check = 0n1 char [129] nameWork = char [129] "`_???" int ret = 0n0 struct NameObject_t * pNameObj_n = 0x00000000`00c5eee8 char * pData_n = 0x00000000`00c59c90 "SE:Security: ???" long lWork = 0n9 char [257] szTrcBuff = char [257] "safely divided text.([453]bytes --> [469]bytes)" long nNameNum = 0n44 long nNewLen = 0n1740 struct NameObject_t * pNameObj_o = 0x00000000`00c98028 char * pData_o = 0x00000000`00c984c6 "SE:Security: ???" char * pt = 0x00000000`00c59e55 "[???" long i = 0n20 int IpAddr_check = 0n0 int res = 0n1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 00000000`0548f8a0 00000000`774e652d ProcessA!FunctionA_SockWork+0xe1c [e:ProcessAFunctionA_sockserv.cpp @ 1102] void * ns = 0x00000000`000002a0 char * pRead_str = 0x00000000`00c562f0 "," int bTableRegisterd = 0n0 unsigned long err = 0 char [3] traceflg = char [3] "" int ret = 0n0 short sWork = 0n2 int oval_check = 0n0 char * pNewData = 0x00000000`00c5ee90 "???" char * wk = 0x00000000`0548f930 "192.168.1.1" char [33] SiteName = char [33] "" long lWork = 0n2032 char [257] szTrcBuff = char [257] "recv event OK" int iLastSerchedIndex = 0n0 char [256] HostIp = char [256] "192.168.1.1" int ret2 = 0n0 struct _MpEvsHead Head = struct _MpEvsHead long nDataLen = 0n3 char [257] szTrcBuff2 = char [257] "" char [20] szSendData = char [20] "OK" struct addrinfo hinst = struct addrinfo int conv_disc_set = 0n1 long lRc = 0n0 void * conv_disc = 0xffffffff`ffffffff int res = 0n1 char * pData = 0x00000000`00c97fd0 "???" long nRead = 0n3726 char [16] evttype = char [16] "Alarm.sys" char * lpszEventid = 0x00000000`00c5f180 "" long nSend = 0n12 char [256] ipTmp = char [256] "192.168.1.1" char [20] szToCode = char [20] "sjis" char [20] szFromCode = char [20] "sjis" int bWriteEvent = 0n1
实例2 无效参数(STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER)。
实例2 无效参数(STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER)。
错误代码：0xc000000d
错误含义：STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER
第一步、先用「!analyze -v」分析出错误的地方以及由于什么原因导致程序Dump掉的。
0:000> !analyze -v
*******************************************************************************
* *
* Exception Analysis *
* *
*******************************************************************************
*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for user32.dll -
Unable to load image C:WindowsOdsv.dll, Win32 error 0n2
*** WARNING: Unable to verify timestamp for Odsv.dll
*** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for Odsv.dll
GetPageUrlData failed, server returned HTTP status 404
URL requested: http://watson.microsoft.com/StageOne/ProcessB_exe/1_0_0_1/4e362265/msvcr80_dll/8_0_50727_6195/4dcdd833/c000000d/0001d5fa.htm?Retriage=1
FAULTING_IP:
msvcr80!strncpy_s+10a [f:ddvctoolscrt_bldself_64_amd64crtsrc csncpy_s.inl @ 62]
00000000`74e6d5fa b822000000 mov eax,22h
EXCEPTION_RECORD: ffffffffffffffff -- (.exr 0xffffffffffffffff)
ExceptionAddress: 0000000074e6d5fa (msvcr80!strncpy_s+0x000000000000010a)
ExceptionCode: c000000d
ExceptionFlags: 00000000
NumberParameters: 0
PROCESS_NAME: ProcessB.exe
ERROR_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xc000000d - <Unable to get error code text>
EXCEPTION_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xc000000d - <Unable to get error code text>
MOD_LIST: <ANALYSIS/>
NTGLOBALFLAG: 0
APPLICATION_VERIFIER_FLAGS: 0
LAST_CONTROL_TRANSFER: from 0000000000124250 to 0000000074e5b0ec
FAULTING_THREAD: ffffffffffffffff
DEFAULT_BUCKET_ID: STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER
PRIMARY_PROBLEM_CLASS: STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER
BUGCHECK_STR: APPLICATION_FAULT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER
IP_ON_STACK:
+2e32faf01dedf58
00000000`00124250 60 ???
FRAME_ONE_INVALID: 1
STACK_TEXT:
00000000`00124220 00000000`00124250 : 00000000`00000006 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000001 00000000`00000000 : msvcr80!_invalid_parameter+0x6c [f:ddvctoolscrt_bldself_64_amd64crtsrcinvarg.c @ 88]
00000000`00124228 00000000`00000006 : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000001 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : 0x124250
00000000`00124230 00000000`00000000 : 00000000`00000001 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00124260 : 0x6
STACK_COMMAND: ~0s; .ecxr ; kb
FOLLOWUP_IP:
msvcr80!strncpy_s+10a [f:ddvctoolscrt_bldself_64_amd64crtsrc csncpy_s.inl @ 62]
00000000`74e6d5fa b822000000 mov eax,22h
FAULTING_SOURCE_CODE:
No source found for 'f:ddvctoolscrt_bldself_64_amd64crtsrc csncpy_s.inl'
SYMBOL_STACK_INDEX: 0
SYMBOL_NAME: msvcr80!strncpy_s+10a
FOLLOWUP_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE_NAME: msvcr80
IMAGE_NAME: msvcr80.dll
DEBUG_FLR_IMAGE_TIMESTAMP: 4dcdd833
FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_c000000d_msvcr80.dll!strncpy_s
BUCKET_ID: X64_APPLICATION_FAULT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_msvcr80!strncpy_s+10a
WATSON_STAGEONE_URL: http://watson.microsoft.com/StageOne/ProcessB_exe/1_0_0_1/4e362265/msvcr80_dll/8_0_50727_6195/4dcdd833/c000000d/0001d5fa.htm?Retriage=1
Followup: MachineOwner
---------
这次运气很不好，从「!analyze -v」打出来的结果来看看不出啥东西来，只知道
在调用strncpy_s的时候dmp掉了，无法定位具体是哪个函数出错的原因很多，有可能
客户采集的不是全dmp文件或者dmp文件中的栈被破坏了。
这的确很伤脑筋，就针对这个我可是花了3个星期一行行的解析栈里面的内容 才解决的。
第二步、先用「!teb」看一下这个程序的栈是从哪里到哪里的。
0:000>!teb
TEB at 000007ffffeee000
ExceptionList: 0000000000000000
StackBase: 0000000008d50000
StackLimit: 0000000008d4d000
SubSystemTib: 0000000000000000
FiberData: 0000000000001e00
ArbitraryUserPointer: 0000000000000000
Self: 000007ffffeee000
EnvironmentPointer: 0000000000000000
ClientId: 0000000000001bdc . 0000000000001868
RpcHandle: 0000000000000000
Tls Storage: 000007ffffeee058
PEB Address: 000007fffffd6000
LastErrorValue: 87
LastStatusValue: c000000d
Count Owned Locks: 0
HardErrorMode: 0
第三步、先用「dps」看一下这个程序的栈中的内存的内容。 下面截取其中比较重要的一段。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
00000000`001247d8 00000000`74e6d5fa msvcr80!strncpy_s+0x10a [f:ddvctoolscrt_bldself_64_amd64crtsrc csncpy_s.inl @ 62]
00000000`001247e0 00000000`009c01e0
00000000`001247e8 00000000`030f5810
00000000`001247f0 00000000`0057e310 ProcessB2!work
★「ProcessB2!work」的内容本应该是像这样的数据「DNxxxxxxxx_150_109」
但是现在「ProcessB2!work」中的内容却是「VIP_rtcrx00184-004a/b-y3b-d」这个。
00000000`001247f8 00000000`005782c0 ProcessB2!trcData
▲「ProcessB2!trcData」的内容是「Function:testB call」。
函数List::testB の trace("testB", __FILE__, __LINE__, TRCLV_3);
00000000`00124800 00000000`00000000
00000000`00124808 00000000`00000000
00000000`00124810 00000000`004a3150 ProcessB2!`string'
▲「 ProcessB2!`string'」的内容是「e:ProcessBFunctionB.cpp __FILE__」。
00000000`00124818 00000000`00455b65 ProcessB2!List::testB+0x55 [e:ProcessBListset.cpp @ 719]
00000000`00124820 00000000`009c01e0
00000000`00124828 00000000`030f5810
00000000`00124830 00000000`0057e310 ProcessB2!work
00000000`00124838 00000000`001249e0
00000000`00124840 32322e35`322e3000
00000000`00124848 30614031`33312e34
00000000`00124850 7097fb8e`bc923730
00000000`00124858 5049565f`5753334c
00000000`00124860 00000000`0000125f
00000000`00124868 000082bd`b1200d5e
00000000`00124870 00000000`009c01e0
00000000`00124878 00000000`00467bda ProcessB2!FunctionB+0x73a [e:ProcessBFunctionB.cpp @ 181]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
这里终于定位到是哪个函数出问题。搞清楚这些函数的功能，然后打印出所有可能打印的内容，发现
函数传递了一个不合法的数据。在这里要说一下为啥传的数据不合法就会Dmp掉。
首先strncpy 这个函数在使用的时候只要有个宏定义(默认是有的)在编译的时候就会使用strncpy_s这个安全函数。
详情可以参考下面微软的说明文档。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/LIBRARY/ms175759(v=vs.80)
其次说明一下为什么会dmp掉。strncpy在使用的时候如果转化成strncpy_s的时候是这样一种形式。
char dst[5];
strncpy(dst, "a long string", 5); ----> strncpy_s(dst, 5, "a long string", 5);
而这样就会到时报STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER这个错误这是strncpy_s的特性。具体使用方法可以参考下面的文档。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/5dae5d43(v=vs.90).aspx
节选:
char dst[5];
strncpy_s(dst, 5, "a long string", 5);
means that we are asking strncpy_s to copy five characters into a buffer five bytes long; this would leave no space for the null terminator, hence strncpy_s zeroes out the string and calls the invalid parameter handler.
If truncation behavior is needed, use _TRUNCATE or (size – 1):
strncpy_s(dst, 5, "a long string", _TRUNCATE);
strncpy_s(dst, 5, "a long string", 4);
详细的ACTIONABLE_HEAP_CORRUPTION_heap_failure_buffer_overrun方法还:
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/jiangyue/archive/2010/03/16/windows-heap-overrun-monitoring.aspx