TLP：一个可以延长 Linux 笔记本电池寿命的高级电源管理工具

笔记本电池是针对 Windows 操作系统进行了高度优化的，当我在笔记本电脑中使用 Windows 操作系统时，我已经意识到这一点，但对于 Linux 来说却不一样。

多年来，Linux 在电池优化方面取得了很大进步，但我们仍然需要做一些必要的事情来改善 Linux 中笔记本电脑的电池寿命。

当我考虑延长电池寿命时，我没有多少选择，但我觉得 TLP 对我来说是一个更好的解决方案，所以我会继续使用它。

在本教程中，我们将详细讨论 TLP 以延长电池寿命。

我们之前在我们的网站上写过三篇关于 Linux 笔记本电池节电工具 的文章：PowerTOP 和 电池充电状态。

TLP

TLP 是一款自由开源的高级电源管理工具，可在不进行任何配置更改的情况下延长电池寿命。

由于它的默认配置已针对电池寿命进行了优化，因此你可能只需要安装，然后就忘记它吧。

此外，它可以高度定制化，以满足你的特定要求。TLP 是一个具有自动后台任务的纯命令行工具。它不包含GUI。

TLP 适用于各种品牌的笔记本电脑。设置电池充电阈值仅适用于 IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad。

所有 TLP 设置都存储在 /etc/default/tlp 中。其默认配置提供了开箱即用的优化的节能设置。

以下 TLP 设置可用于自定义，如果需要，你可以相应地进行必要的更改。

TLP 功能

• 内核笔记本电脑模式和脏缓冲区超时
• 处理器频率调整，包括 “turbo boost”/“turbo core”
• 限制最大/最小的 P 状态以控制 CPU 的功耗
• HWP 能源性能提示
• 用于多核/超线程的功率感知进程调度程序
• 处理器性能与节能策略（x86_energy_perf_policy）
• 硬盘高级电源管理级别（APM）和降速超时（按磁盘）
• AHCI 链路电源管理（ALPM）与设备黑名单
• PCIe 活动状态电源管理（PCIe ASPM）
• PCI(e) 总线设备的运行时电源管理
• Radeon 图形电源管理（KMS 和 DPM）
• Wifi 省电模式
• 关闭驱动器托架中的光盘驱动器
• 音频省电模式
• I/O 调度程序（按磁盘）
• USB 自动暂停，支持设备黑名单/白名单（输入设备自动排除）
• 在系统启动和关闭时启用或禁用集成的 wifi、蓝牙或 wwan 设备
• 在系统启动时恢复无线电设备状态（从之前的关机时的状态）
• 无线电设备向导：在网络连接/断开和停靠/取消停靠时切换无线电
• 禁用 LAN 唤醒
• 挂起/休眠后恢复集成的 WWAN 和蓝牙状态
• 英特尔处理器的动态电源降低 —— 需要内核和 PHC-Patch 支持
• 电池充电阈值 —— 仅限 ThinkPad
• 重新校准电池 —— 仅限 ThinkPad

如何在 Linux 上安装 TLP

TLP 包在大多数发行版官方存储库中都可用，因此，使用发行版的 包管理器 来安装它。

对于 Fedora 系统，使用 DNF 命令 安装 TLP。

1. $ sudo dnf install tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加软件包。

1. $ sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
2. $ sudo dnf install http://repo.linrunner.de/fedora/tlp/repos/releases/tlp-release.fc$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
3. $ sudo dnf install akmod-tp_smapi akmod-acpi_call kernel-devel

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

1. $ sudo dnf install smartmontools

对于 Debian/Ubuntu 系统，使用 APT-GET 命令 或 APT 命令 安装 TLP。

1. $ sudo apt install tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加软件包。

1. $ sudo apt-get install tp-smapi-dkms acpi-call-dkms

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

1. $ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

当基于 Ubuntu 的系统的官方软件包过时时，请使用以下 PPA 存储库，该存储库提供最新版本。运行以下命令以使用 PPA 安装 TLP。

1. $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
2. $ sudo apt-get update
3. $ sudo apt-get install tlp

对于基于 Arch Linux 的系统，使用 Pacman 命令 安装 TLP。

1. $ sudo pacman -S tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加软件包。

1. $ pacman -S tp_smapi acpi_call

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

1. $ sudo pacman -S smartmontools

对于基于 Arch Linux 的系统，在启动时启用 TLP 和 TLP-Sleep 服务。

1. $ sudo systemctl enable tlp.service
2. $ sudo systemctl enable tlp-sleep.service

对于基于 Arch Linux 的系统，你还应该屏蔽以下服务以避免冲突，并确保 TLP 的无线电设备切换选项的正确操作。

1. $ sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.service
2. $ sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.socket

对于 RHEL/CentOS 系统，使用 YUM 命令 安装 TLP。

1. $ sudo yum install tlp tlp-rdw

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

1. $ sudo yum install smartmontools

对于 openSUSE Leap 系统，使用 Zypper 命令 安装 TLP。

1. $ sudo zypper install TLP

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

1. $ sudo zypper install smartmontools

成功安装 TLP 后，使用以下命令启动服务。

1. $ systemctl start tlp.service

使用方法

显示电池信息

1. $ sudo tlp-stat -b
2. 或
3. $ sudo tlp-stat --battery

1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
3. +++ Battery Status
4. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/manufacturer = SMP
5. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/model_name = L14M4P23
6. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/cycle_count = (not supported)
7. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full_design = 60000 [mWh]
8. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full = 48850 [mWh]
9. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_now = 48850 [mWh]
10. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now = 0 [mW]
11. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status = Full
13. Charge = 100.0 [%]
14. Capacity = 81.4 [%]

显示磁盘信息

1. $ sudo tlp-stat -d
2. 或
3. $ sudo tlp-stat --disk

1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
3. +++ Storage Devices
4. /dev/sda:
5. Model = WDC WD10SPCX-24HWST1
6. Firmware = 02.01A02
7. APM Level = 128
8. Status = active/idle
9. Scheduler = mq-deadline
11. Runtime PM: control = on, autosuspend_delay = (not available)
13. SMART info:
14. 4 Start_Stop_Count = 18787
15. 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct = 0
16. 9 Power_On_Hours = 606 [h]
17. 12 Power_Cycle_Count = 1792
18. 193 Load_Cycle_Count = 25775
19. 194 Temperature_Celsius = 31 [°C]
22. +++ AHCI Link Power Management (ALPM)
23. /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
24. /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
25. /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
26. /sys/class/scsi_host/host3/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
28. +++ AHCI Host Controller Runtime Power Management
29. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata1/power/control = on
30. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata2/power/control = on
31. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata3/power/control = on
32. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata4/power/control = on

显示 PCI 设备信息

1. $ sudo tlp-stat -e
2. 或
3. $ sudo tlp-stat --pcie

1. $ sudo tlp-stat -e
2. or
3. $ sudo tlp-stat --pcie
5. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
7. +++ Runtime Power Management
8. Device blacklist = (not configured)
9. Driver blacklist = amdgpu nouveau nvidia radeon pcieport
11. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control = auto (0x060000, Host bridge, skl_uncore)
12. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)
13. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control = auto (0x030000, VGA compatible controller, i915)
14. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:14.0/power/control = auto (0x0c0330, USB controller, xhci_hcd)
16. ......

显示图形卡信息

1. $ sudo tlp-stat -g
2. 或
3. $ sudo tlp-stat --graphics

1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
3. +++ Intel Graphics
4. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_dc = -1 (use per-chip default)
5. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_fbc = 1 (enabled)
6. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_psr = 0 (disabled)
7. /sys/module/i915/parameters/modeset = -1 (use per-chip default)

显示处理器信息

1. $ sudo tlp-stat -p
2. 或
3. $ sudo tlp-stat --processor

1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
3. +++ Processor
4. CPU model = Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
6. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_driver = intel_pstate
7. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor = powersave
8. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors = performance powersave
9. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq = 800000 [kHz]
10. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq = 3500000 [kHz]
11. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/energy_performance_preference = balance_power
12. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/energy_performance_available_preferences = default performance balance_performance balance_power power
14. ......
16. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct = 22 [%]
17. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct = 100 [%]
18. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo = 0
19. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/turbo_pct = 33 [%]
20. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/num_pstates = 28
22. x86_energy_perf_policy: program not installed.
24. /sys/module/workqueue/parameters/power_efficient = Y
25. /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog = 0
27. +++ Undervolting
28. PHC kernel not available.

显示系统数据信息

1. $ sudo tlp-stat -s
2. 或
3. $ sudo tlp-stat --system

1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
3. +++ System Info
4. System = LENOVO Lenovo ideapad Y700-15ISK 80NV
5. BIOS = CDCN35WW
6. Release = "Manjaro Linux"
7. Kernel = 4.19.6-1-MANJARO #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Dec 1 12:21:26 UTC 2018 x86_64
8. /proc/cmdline = BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=UUID=69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f rw quiet resume=UUID=a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573b
9. Init system = systemd
10. Boot mode = BIOS (CSM, Legacy)
12. +++ TLP Status
13. State = enabled
14. Last run = 11:04:00 IST, 596 sec(s) ago
15. Mode = battery
16. Power source = battery

显示温度和风扇速度信息

1. $ sudo tlp-stat -t
2. 或
3. $ sudo tlp-stat --temp

1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
3. +++ Temperatures
4. CPU temp = 36 [°C]
5. Fan speed = (not available)

显示 USB 设备数据信息

1. $ sudo tlp-stat -u
2. 或
3. $ sudo tlp-stat --usb

1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
3. +++ USB
4. Autosuspend = disabled
5. Device whitelist = (not configured)
6. Device blacklist = (not configured)
7. Bluetooth blacklist = disabled
8. Phone blacklist = disabled
9. WWAN blacklist = enabled
11. Bus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0003 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub (hub)
12. Bus 001 Device 003 ID 174f:14e8 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Syntek (uvcvideo)
14. ......

显示警告信息

1. $ sudo tlp-stat -w
2. 或
3. $ sudo tlp-stat --warn

1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
3. No warnings detected.

状态报告及配置和所有活动的设置

1. $ sudo tlp-stat

1. --- TLP 1.1 --------------------------------------------
3. +++ Configured Settings: /etc/default/tlp
4. TLP_ENABLE=1
5. TLP_DEFAULT_MODE=AC
6. TLP_PERSISTENT_DEFAULT=0
7. DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_AC=0
8. DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_BAT=2
9. MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_AC=15
10. MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_BAT=60
12. ......
14. +++ System Info
15. System = LENOVO Lenovo ideapad Y700-15ISK 80NV
16. BIOS = CDCN35WW
17. Release = "Manjaro Linux"
18. Kernel = 4.19.6-1-MANJARO #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Dec 1 12:21:26 UTC 2018 x86_64
19. /proc/cmdline = BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=UUID=69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f rw quiet resume=UUID=a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573b
20. Init system = systemd
21. Boot mode = BIOS (CSM, Legacy)
23. +++ TLP Status
24. State = enabled
25. Last run = 11:04:00 IST, 684 sec(s) ago
26. Mode = battery
27. Power source = battery
29. +++ Processor
30. CPU model = Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
32. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_driver = intel_pstate
33. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor = powersave
34. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors = performance powersave
36. ......
38. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct = 22 [%]
39. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct = 100 [%]
40. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo = 0
41. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/turbo_pct = 33 [%]
42. /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/num_pstates = 28
44. x86_energy_perf_policy: program not installed.
46. /sys/module/workqueue/parameters/power_efficient = Y
47. /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog = 0
49. +++ Undervolting
50. PHC kernel not available.
52. +++ Temperatures
53. CPU temp = 42 [°C]
54. Fan speed = (not available)
56. +++ File System
57. /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode = 2
58. /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs = 6000
59. /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs = 6000
60. /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio = 20
61. /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio = 10
63. +++ Storage Devices
64. /dev/sda:
65. Model = WDC WD10SPCX-24HWST1
66. Firmware = 02.01A02
67. APM Level = 128
68. Status = active/idle
69. Scheduler = mq-deadline
71. Runtime PM: control = on, autosuspend_delay = (not available)
73. SMART info:
74. 4 Start_Stop_Count = 18787
75. 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct = 0
76. 9 Power_On_Hours = 606 [h]
77. 12 Power_Cycle_Count = 1792
78. 193 Load_Cycle_Count = 25777
79. 194 Temperature_Celsius = 31 [°C]
82. +++ AHCI Link Power Management (ALPM)
83. /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
84. /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
85. /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
86. /sys/class/scsi_host/host3/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
88. +++ AHCI Host Controller Runtime Power Management
89. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata1/power/control = on
90. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata2/power/control = on
91. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata3/power/control = on
92. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata4/power/control = on
94. +++ PCIe Active State Power Management
95. /sys/module/pcie_aspm/parameters/policy = powersave
97. +++ Intel Graphics
98. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_dc = -1 (use per-chip default)
99. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_fbc = 1 (enabled)
100. /sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_psr = 0 (disabled)
101. /sys/module/i915/parameters/modeset = -1 (use per-chip default)
103. +++ Wireless
104. bluetooth = on
105. wifi = on
106. wwan = none (no device)
108. hci0(btusb) : bluetooth, not connected
109. wlp8s0(iwlwifi) : wifi, connected, power management = on
111. +++ Audio
112. /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save = 1
113. /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save_controller = Y
115. +++ Runtime Power Management
116. Device blacklist = (not configured)
117. Driver blacklist = amdgpu nouveau nvidia radeon pcieport
119. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control = auto (0x060000, Host bridge, skl_uncore)
120. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)
121. /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control = auto (0x030000, VGA compatible controller, i915)
123. ......
125. +++ USB
126. Autosuspend = disabled
127. Device whitelist = (not configured)
128. Device blacklist = (not configured)
129. Bluetooth blacklist = disabled
130. Phone blacklist = disabled
131. WWAN blacklist = enabled
133. Bus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0003 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub (hub)
134. Bus 001 Device 003 ID 174f:14e8 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Syntek (uvcvideo)
135. Bus 001 Device 002 ID 17ef:6053 control = on, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Lenovo (usbhid)
136. Bus 001 Device 004 ID 8087:0a2b control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Intel Corp. (btusb)
137. Bus 001 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0002 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub (hub)
139. +++ Battery Status
140. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/manufacturer = SMP
141. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/model_name = L14M4P23
142. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/cycle_count = (not supported)
143. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full_design = 60000 [mWh]
144. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full = 51690 [mWh]
145. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_now = 50140 [mWh]
146. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now = 12185 [mW]
147. /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status = Discharging
149. Charge = 97.0 [%]
150. Capacity = 86.2 [%]

---

via: https://www.2daygeek.com/tlp-increase-optimize-linux-laptop-battery-life/

作者：Magesh Maruthamuthu 选题：lujun9972 译者：wxy 校对：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创编译，Linux中国 荣誉推出