Redis持久化，就是将内存数据保存到硬盘。
Redis持久化存储支持两种模式(AOF模式，RDB模式)
RDB模式：
RDB 是以二进制文件，是在某个时间 点将数据写入一个临时文件，持久化结束后，用这个临时文件替换上次持久化的文件，达到数据恢复。
优点：使用单独子进程来进行持久化，主进程不会进行任何 IO 操作，保证了 redis 的高性能
缺点：RDB 是间隔一段时间进行持久化，如果持久化之间 redis 发生故障，会发生数据丢失。所以这种方式更适合数据要求不严谨的时候
RDB 在redis中是默认开启的的，保存之后，会在bin目录下有个.rdb文件
在redis.conf 里面的参数含义：
################################ SNAPSHOTTING ################################ # # Save the DB on disk: # # save <seconds> <changes> # # Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given # number of write operations against the DB occurred. # # In the example below the behaviour will be to save: # after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed # after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed # after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed # # Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines. # # It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save # points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument # like in the following example: # # save "" save 900 1 save 300 10 save 60 10000 # By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled # (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed. # This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting # on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some # disaster will happen. # # If the background saving process will start working again Redis will # automatically allow writes again. # # However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server # and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will # continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk, # permissions, and so forth.
#yes 代表Redis停止工作，如果硬盘发生故障 stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes # Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases? # For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win. # If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but # the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
# yes代表可以压缩 rdbcompression yes # Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file. # This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance # hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it # for maximum performances. # # RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will # tell the loading code to skip the check. rdbchecksum yes # The filename where to dump the DB
# 保存的二进制文件名 dbfilename dump.rdb # The working directory. # # The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified # above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive. # # The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory. # # Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
# 保存的目录 dir ./
AOF模式
Append-only file，也就是每次Redis有写的操作时候，需要将操作的指定以及数据保存在日志文件的尾部，当Redis出现宕机的情况，再重新rewrite下这个日志文件，就可以把之前的数据找回来。
AOF模式的优点：相对比RDB模式，数据保存的会更加完整，基本能做到时刻保存，只有在Redis正在做写操作的时候，Redis服务宕机，可能AOF 最后的指定不完整。所以重新启动，需要检测AOF文件的完整性。
AOF模式的缺点：AOF 文件比 RDB 文件大，且恢复速度慢
############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ############################### # By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is # good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or # a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on # the configured save points). # # The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides # much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy # (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a # dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something # wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is # still running correctly. # # AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems. # If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file # with the better durability guarantees. # # Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information. # appendonly 默认是no,只有当appendonly是yes,开启aof持久化模式 appendonly yes # The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof") # 指定aof 文件名称 appendfilename "appendonly.aof" # The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk # instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP. # # Redis supports three different modes: # # no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster. # always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest. # everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise. # # The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between # speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to # "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when # it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of # some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting), # or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than # everysec. # # More details please check the following article: # http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html # # If unsure, use "everysec". # appendfsync always appendfsync everysec # appendfsync no # When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background # saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is # performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations # Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for # this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block # our synchronous write(2) call. # # In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option # that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a # BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress. # # This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is # the same as "appendfsync none". In practical terms, this means that it is # possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the # default Linux settings). # # If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as # "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability. # aof-rewrite期间，appendfsync是否暂缓文件同步
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
#
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.
#相对于“上一次”rewrite，本次rewrite触发时aof文件应该增长的百分比。
#每一次rewrite之后，redis都会记录下此时“新aof”文件的大小(例如A)，那么当aof文件增长到A*(1 + p)之后
#触发下一次rewrite，每一次aof记录的添加，都会检测当前aof文件的尺寸。
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
#aof文件rewrite触发的最小文件尺寸(mb,gb),只有大于此aof文件大于此尺寸是才会触发rewrite，默认“64mb”，建议“512mb”
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
# startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
# This may happen when the system where Redis is running
# crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
# data=ordered option (however this can't happen when Redis itself
# crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
#
# Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
# data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
# to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
#
# If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
# the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
# Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
# and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
# to fix the AOF file using the "redis-check-aof" utility before to restart
# the server.
#
# Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
# the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
# Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
# will be found.
aof-load-truncated yes