1. 查看 详细 信息
如果你想要查看成功模块和不成功的详细输出,使用
--verbose
标识
2. 检查 playbook 的语法
使用 ansible-playbook 的 --syntax-check 标识。通过parser来运行playbook,确保Include files、roles等没有语法错误。
3. 在运行playbook之前,查看playbook影响的哪些主机
ansible-playbook playbook.yml --list-hosts
4. 运行playbook的方式
ansible-playbook playbook.yml -f 10
5. 特权上升的方式更改为 become
6. 指定主机顺序执行playbook
inventory:
The default. The order is ‘as provided’ by the inventory
reverse_inventory:
As the name implies, this reverses the order ‘as provided’ by the inventory
sorted:
Hosts are alphabetically sorted by name
reverse_sorted:
Hosts are sorted by name in reverse alphabetical order
shuffle:
Hosts are randomly ordered each run
7. 任务可以使用历史遗留格式: action: module options 来声明,但是推荐使用 module: options 格式
8. 大多数模块使用 “key=value” 来指定参数,例如服务模块。但是 “command and shell ” 模块使用的是参数列表,不使用“key=value”格式。
tasks: - name: enable selinux command: /sbin/setenforce 1
command和shell模块关心返回值,因此如果你有的命令退出码不为0,你可能希望这么做:tasks: - name: run this command and ignore the result shell: /usr/bin/somecommand || /bin/true
tasks: - name: run this command and ignore the result shell: /usr/bin/somecommand ignore_errors: True
9. 如果一行太长了,在下一行使用一个空格缩进表示命令的继续
tasks: - name: Copy ansible inventory file to client copy: src=/etc/ansible/hosts dest=/etc/ansible/hosts owner=root group=root mode=0644
10. playbook 可能有四个包含任务的部分
pre_tasks, tasks, post_tasks, roles
11. handlers 需要注意的
handler执行的时机:
- handlers notified within
pre_tasks
,tasks
, andpost_tasks
sections are automatically flushed in the end of section where they were notified;- handlers notified within
roles
section are automatically flushed in the end oftasks
section, but before anytasks
handlers. 表明 roles 会跟tasks section合并此外,通过meta,可以提前执行handler:
tasks: - shell: some tasks go here - meta: flush_handlers - shell: some other tasks
可以指定监听的主题
handlers: - name: restart memcached service: name=memcached state=restarted listen: "restart web services" - name: restart apache service: name=apache state=restarted listen: "restart web services" tasks: - name: restart everything command: echo "this task will restart the web services" notify: "restart web services"