首先考虑是么数据库，如果不想使用默认数据库，使用MySQL的话，
#setings DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME':'bbs', 'HOST':'127.0.0.1', 'PORT':3306, 'USER':'root', 'PASSWORD':'123' } } #__init__ import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
创建static文件夹，并修改settings
STATICFILES_DIRS = ( os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'), ) #注意，一定要加逗号（ (BASE_DIR, 'static'), )
如果要使用auth组件，继承AbstractUser,需要在settings添加
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'blog.UserInfo' #blog是APP名，UserInfo是继承AbstractUser的表
创建表（执行数据库迁移命令）
from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser # Create your models here. # UserInfo这个表,继承AbstractUser,因为要用auth组件 class UserInfo(AbstractUser): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # username=models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True) # 该字段可以为空,为该字段设置默认值,default='123455666' phone = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=True) # upload_to需要传一个路径 avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatar/', default='/static/img/default.png') # 一对一关联blog表,to_field如果不写,默认主键 # blog_id字段存的数据是什么?blog表的---nid这个字段 blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', to_field='nid') # user表 # id name blog_id # 1 111 1 # 2 111 1 class Blog(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(max_length=64) site_name = models.CharField(max_length=32) theme = models.CharField(max_length=64) class Category(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(max_length=64) # ForeignKey跟OneToOneField的区别? #OneToOneField unique=True blog = models.ForeignKey(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True) class Tag(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(max_length=64) blog = models.ForeignKey(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True) class Article(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(max_length=64) # 摘要,简单描述 desc = models.CharField(max_length=255) # 大文本TextField() content = models.TextField() # 存时间类型,auto_now_add每插入一条数据,时间自动写入当前时间, # auto_now,这条数据修改的时候,会更新成当前时间 create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) blog = models.ForeignKey(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True) category = models.ForeignKey(to='Category', to_field='nid', null=True) # through_fields应该怎么写? # 中介模型,手动创建第三张表 tag = models.ManyToManyField(to='Tag', through='ArticleTOTag', through_fields=('article', 'tag')) # 这样写,会自动创建第三张表 # tag = models.ManyToManyField(to='Tag') # 手动创建第三张表 class ArticleTOTag(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) article = models.ForeignKey(to='Article', to_field='nid') tag = models.ForeignKey(to='Tag', to_field='nid') # article和tag应不应该联合唯一? # article_id 1 # tag_id 1 class Commit(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) user = models.ForeignKey(to='UserInfo', to_field='nid') article = models.ForeignKey(to='Article', to_field='nid') content = models.CharField(max_length=255) create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) # 这样写是可以的 # parent_id=models.IntegerField() # 自关联 # parent_id=models.ForeignKey(to='Commit',to_field='nid') parent = models.ForeignKey(to='self', to_field='nid',null=True) class UpAndDown(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) user = models.ForeignKey(to='UserInfo', to_field='nid') article = models.ForeignKey(to='Article', to_field='nid') is_up = models.BooleanField() class Meta: # 写这些,只是为了不写脏数据,联合唯一 unique_together = (('user', 'article'),)
登陆界面设计
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"> <form> <div class="form-group"> <label for="name">用户名</label> #这里的for等于input的id，那么在点击用户名时，光标自动弹到input框中 <input type="text" id="name" class="form-control"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="pwd">密码</label> <input type="password" id="pwd" class="form-control"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="valid_code">验证码</label> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <input type="text" id="valid_code" class="form-control" > </div> <img height="35" width='360' src="get_valid_code" alt=""> </div> </div> <input type="button" value="登陆" class="btn btn-primary"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from PIL import Image # Create your views here. import random from io import BytesIO def login(request): if request.method == 'GET': return render(request,'login.html') #方式一 #直接在static静态文件夹中引用图片 # def get_valid_code(request): # with open('static/img/1','rb') as f: # data = f.read() # return HttpResponse(data) # 方式二 #自动生成图片 # pip3 install Pillow def get_random_color():# 为了随机获得图片颜色 return (random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)) def get_valid_code(request): # new()生成一张图片 # 三个参数 # 参数一是图片模式，RGB是三原色，参数二是图片大小，前边是款宽，后边是高 # 参数三是颜色 # img=Image.new('RGB',(360,35),color='green') 方式一 # img=Image.new('RGB',(360,35),color=(0,0,255)) 方式二 # img=Image.new('RGB',(360,35),color=get_random_color()) 方式三 # 存取方式一 # # 保存到本地 # with open('valid_code.png','wb')as f: # # 直接用img的save方法，参数一是文件，参数二是图片格式 # img.save(f,'png') # #打开文件，再返回给前端 # with open('valid_code.png','rb')as f: # data=f.read() # return HttpResponse(data) # 存取方式二 # 将图片保存到内存中，存取快，并且解释器可以自动清理资源 img=Image.new('RGB',(360,35),color=get_random_color()) f=BytesIO() img.save(f,'png') data=f.getvalue() #用getvalue取值，此时会把f的内存文件中的所有内容读取出来 return HttpResponse(data)
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from PIL import Image
# Create your views here.
import random
from io import BytesIO
def login(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request,'login.html')
#方式一
#直接在static静态文件夹中引用图片
# def get_valid_code(request):
# with open('static/img/1','rb') as f:
# data = f.read()
# return HttpResponse(data)
# 方式二
#自动生成图片
# pip3 install Pillow
def get_random_color():# 为了随机获得图片颜色
return (random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255))
def get_valid_code(request):
# new()生成一张图片
# 三个参数
# 参数一是图片模式，RGB是三原色，参数二是图片大小，前边是款宽，后边是高
# 参数三是颜色
# img=Image.new('RGB',(360,35),color='green') 方式一
# img=Image.new('RGB',(360,35),color=(0,0,255)) 方式二
# img=Image.new('RGB',(360,35),color=get_random_color()) 方式三
# 存取方式一
# # 保存到本地
# with open('valid_code.png','wb')as f:
# # 直接用img的save方法，参数一是文件，参数二是图片格式
# img.save(f,'png')
# #打开文件，再返回给前端
# with open('valid_code.png','rb')as f:
# data=f.read()
# return HttpResponse(data)
# 存取方式二
# 将图片保存到内存中，存取快，并且解释器可以自动清理资源
img=Image.new('RGB',(360,35),color=get_random_color())
f=BytesIO()
img.save(f,'png')
data=f.getvalue() #用getvalue取值，此时会把f的内存文件中的所有内容读取出来
return HttpResponse(data)